The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... stimulus–response or context–habit associations via procedural or instrumental learning. Finally, others regard ventral striatum as being a structure primarily implicated in the determination of the goal of an action; the “thing” that we want to obtain (food, water, sex, or “positive emotion”) or to ...
... stimulus–response or context–habit associations via procedural or instrumental learning. Finally, others regard ventral striatum as being a structure primarily implicated in the determination of the goal of an action; the “thing” that we want to obtain (food, water, sex, or “positive emotion”) or to ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Identify the four lobes of the brain and their functions. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the me ...
... • Identify the four lobes of the brain and their functions. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the me ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 functional zones, each of which receives input from different c ...
... cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 functional zones, each of which receives input from different c ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
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... However, the bristles along the wing margin are mechanical sensors monitoring airborne vibrations caused by the wingbeat, which suggests that the bristles along the wing margin have different roles (i.e., the detectors of wingbeat frequency) from that of known proprioceptors such as the stretch rece ...
... However, the bristles along the wing margin are mechanical sensors monitoring airborne vibrations caused by the wingbeat, which suggests that the bristles along the wing margin have different roles (i.e., the detectors of wingbeat frequency) from that of known proprioceptors such as the stretch rece ...
Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the
... insula and caudate that differed between adolescent patients and healthy comparison participants. Our findings of insula dysfunction and its association with fatigue severity and pain intensity in adolescent CFS demonstrate an aberration of the salience network which might play a role in CFS pathoph ...
... insula and caudate that differed between adolescent patients and healthy comparison participants. Our findings of insula dysfunction and its association with fatigue severity and pain intensity in adolescent CFS demonstrate an aberration of the salience network which might play a role in CFS pathoph ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
The subthalamic nucleus exerts opposite control on cocaine and
... As drugs of abuse and natural reinforcers mostly recruit common biological substrates, the possibility of obtaining such dissociation remains an open issue. Structures of the basal ganglia classically considered motor structures can be involved in coding reward1,2 and in the reinforcing effects of c ...
... As drugs of abuse and natural reinforcers mostly recruit common biological substrates, the possibility of obtaining such dissociation remains an open issue. Structures of the basal ganglia classically considered motor structures can be involved in coding reward1,2 and in the reinforcing effects of c ...
- Reppert Lab
... neuropils in the center of the brain, is the most likely candidate region to comprise an internal sun compass (Heinze and Reppert, 2011). As any functional sun compass needs a circadian clock to compensate for changes in solar position over the course of the day, much effort has been directed at und ...
... neuropils in the center of the brain, is the most likely candidate region to comprise an internal sun compass (Heinze and Reppert, 2011). As any functional sun compass needs a circadian clock to compensate for changes in solar position over the course of the day, much effort has been directed at und ...
안구의 내하방 편위 - Research in Vestibular Science
... (‘peering at the tip of the nose') is considered a unique feature of thalamic hemorrhage, although little is known about the underlying mechanism.1 We observed this ocular finding in diffuse ischemic infarcts in the territory of the posterior circulation, as well as in lateral pontine tegmental and ...
... (‘peering at the tip of the nose') is considered a unique feature of thalamic hemorrhage, although little is known about the underlying mechanism.1 We observed this ocular finding in diffuse ischemic infarcts in the territory of the posterior circulation, as well as in lateral pontine tegmental and ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... soma-tropic forces. Bottom row: Dendrites with distinct levels of ...
... soma-tropic forces. Bottom row: Dendrites with distinct levels of ...
Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic
... cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and intracellular calcium levels (Supplementary Fig. 2c, d). In contrast, expression of AdipoR1 enhanced increases in PPAR-a ligand activity by both globular and full-length adiponectin (Supplementary Fig. 2e). Expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 in C2C12 myocytes (Supplementary ...
... cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and intracellular calcium levels (Supplementary Fig. 2c, d). In contrast, expression of AdipoR1 enhanced increases in PPAR-a ligand activity by both globular and full-length adiponectin (Supplementary Fig. 2e). Expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 in C2C12 myocytes (Supplementary ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... support the presentation of the interdisciplinary perspective that this paper is meant to provide. On the neuroscience side, I have surveyed the mounting evidence on the brain effects of meditative practices and reviewed emerging models proposed by Davidson and Lutz,15 Vago and Silbersweig,16,17 Tra ...
... support the presentation of the interdisciplinary perspective that this paper is meant to provide. On the neuroscience side, I have surveyed the mounting evidence on the brain effects of meditative practices and reviewed emerging models proposed by Davidson and Lutz,15 Vago and Silbersweig,16,17 Tra ...
spiking neuron models - Assets - Cambridge
... terminal comes very close to the postsynaptic neuron, leaving only a tiny gap between pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes, called the synaptic cleft. When an action potential arrives at a synapse, it triggers a complex chain of biochemical processing steps that lead to the release of neurotransmitt ...
... terminal comes very close to the postsynaptic neuron, leaving only a tiny gap between pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes, called the synaptic cleft. When an action potential arrives at a synapse, it triggers a complex chain of biochemical processing steps that lead to the release of neurotransmitt ...
Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... (A and B) GFP-labeled coronal hemisections show interneuron migration defects in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE mutants, with clusters of cells stuck at the pallialsubpallial boundary (5B, arrow). (C and D) Loss of characteristic interneuronal migratory streams in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE cortex. Arrowhea ...
... (A and B) GFP-labeled coronal hemisections show interneuron migration defects in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE mutants, with clusters of cells stuck at the pallialsubpallial boundary (5B, arrow). (C and D) Loss of characteristic interneuronal migratory streams in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE cortex. Arrowhea ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... © J. ALTMAN: NEURAL AND MENTAL EVOLUTION 6.1.2. Simian Somatic Advances. Old World monkeys are generally much larger than prosimians. Whereas the largest prosimians, like the ring-tailed lemur or the aye-aye, weigh no more than about 3 kg, the male long-tailed macaque may weigh up to 12 kg, the Hanu ...
... © J. ALTMAN: NEURAL AND MENTAL EVOLUTION 6.1.2. Simian Somatic Advances. Old World monkeys are generally much larger than prosimians. Whereas the largest prosimians, like the ring-tailed lemur or the aye-aye, weigh no more than about 3 kg, the male long-tailed macaque may weigh up to 12 kg, the Hanu ...
Running head: THIS IS A SHORT (50
... There have been studies providing evidence that HVLA techniques produce an analgesic effect by activation of the descending pain inhibitory pathways of the spinal cord, as well as activation of Gate-control mechanisms in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (Pickar et al 2002, Melzack, R. et al, 1965 ...
... There have been studies providing evidence that HVLA techniques produce an analgesic effect by activation of the descending pain inhibitory pathways of the spinal cord, as well as activation of Gate-control mechanisms in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (Pickar et al 2002, Melzack, R. et al, 1965 ...
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Trk Receptor Activation in Epilepsy
... involvement of neurotrophins in kindling, and combined with the functional data pinpoint important sites of epileptogenesis in the brain. ...
... involvement of neurotrophins in kindling, and combined with the functional data pinpoint important sites of epileptogenesis in the brain. ...
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of the Chicken
... for proper development of wing and haltere imaginal discs (Wilson, 1981; Cohen et al., 1992; Bourgouin et al., 1992). In addition to the LIM-homeodomain proteins, a number of small (10-30 kD) proteins that are comprised primarily of LIM domains have been identified. These include rhombotin (or Ttg-1 ...
... for proper development of wing and haltere imaginal discs (Wilson, 1981; Cohen et al., 1992; Bourgouin et al., 1992). In addition to the LIM-homeodomain proteins, a number of small (10-30 kD) proteins that are comprised primarily of LIM domains have been identified. These include rhombotin (or Ttg-1 ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... small (1x/2x) part as factors. As described earlier, main effects represent sensitivity to absolute size of a part, whereas interaction effects represent nonlinear interactions between the two part sizes. Of particular interest to us was whether these interactions resulted in similar responses to th ...
... small (1x/2x) part as factors. As described earlier, main effects represent sensitivity to absolute size of a part, whereas interaction effects represent nonlinear interactions between the two part sizes. Of particular interest to us was whether these interactions resulted in similar responses to th ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... visual cortex and how this distribution relates to the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map. To accomplish this, we used two complementary techniques: optical imaging, which is well suited for investigating the distribution of neuronal activity within a wide cortical region and the ...
... visual cortex and how this distribution relates to the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map. To accomplish this, we used two complementary techniques: optical imaging, which is well suited for investigating the distribution of neuronal activity within a wide cortical region and the ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... sensory trigeminal nucleus (dPrV). Input from mystacial whiskers is relayed by the maxillary branch and forms a topographic representation of rows and whiskers in the ventral PrV (vPrV). To investigate peripheral organisation in imposing a brain topographic pattern, we analysed Edn1−/− mice, which p ...
... sensory trigeminal nucleus (dPrV). Input from mystacial whiskers is relayed by the maxillary branch and forms a topographic representation of rows and whiskers in the ventral PrV (vPrV). To investigate peripheral organisation in imposing a brain topographic pattern, we analysed Edn1−/− mice, which p ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... medium for fluorescence (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). PDH immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These w ...
... medium for fluorescence (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). PDH immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These w ...
Determination of Protein Molecular Weight
... chemical properties, such as charge, functional groups, shape, size and solubility enable them to perform many biological functions. These functions include enzyme catalysis, metabolic regulation, binding and transport of small molecules, gene regulation, immunological defense and cell structure. De ...
... chemical properties, such as charge, functional groups, shape, size and solubility enable them to perform many biological functions. These functions include enzyme catalysis, metabolic regulation, binding and transport of small molecules, gene regulation, immunological defense and cell structure. De ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.