The Interaction between Dietary Protein and Bone Health
... With regards to the elderly specifically, the beneficial effects of higher protein diets are not just an attempt to correct protein deficient diets. Gaffney- Stomberg et al. have shown that the anabolic effect of the body to dietary protein is reduced in the elderly, so that the amount of protein ne ...
... With regards to the elderly specifically, the beneficial effects of higher protein diets are not just an attempt to correct protein deficient diets. Gaffney- Stomberg et al. have shown that the anabolic effect of the body to dietary protein is reduced in the elderly, so that the amount of protein ne ...
Role of adiponectin in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid
... skeletal muscle is an increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase ...
... skeletal muscle is an increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase ...
Biomarker discovery for psychiatric disorders
... Anxiety can be conceptualized as the emotional anticipation of an aversive situation, which is likely to occur and difficult to predict and control (Landgraf, 2001). In its non-pathological form, anxiety can be classified into state anxiety, referring to the acute or immediate level of anxiety and t ...
... Anxiety can be conceptualized as the emotional anticipation of an aversive situation, which is likely to occur and difficult to predict and control (Landgraf, 2001). In its non-pathological form, anxiety can be classified into state anxiety, referring to the acute or immediate level of anxiety and t ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates
... incidence and evolution of diabetic retinopathy [30]. In summary, strong evidence has put succinate/GPR91 as an important signaling pathway to activate the development of new blood vessels in retina during a hypoxic condition and modulation of VEGF release through this process might be a possible ta ...
... incidence and evolution of diabetic retinopathy [30]. In summary, strong evidence has put succinate/GPR91 as an important signaling pathway to activate the development of new blood vessels in retina during a hypoxic condition and modulation of VEGF release through this process might be a possible ta ...
+ΔFosB
... Whether the regulation of substance P gene expression in vlPAG neurons by ΔFosB may contribute to functional alterations of forebrain substance P neurotransmission?? ...
... Whether the regulation of substance P gene expression in vlPAG neurons by ΔFosB may contribute to functional alterations of forebrain substance P neurotransmission?? ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... olfactory axon guidance, the cues responsible for generating the topographic map remain elusive. Where are these cues for convergence and targeting localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sort ...
... olfactory axon guidance, the cues responsible for generating the topographic map remain elusive. Where are these cues for convergence and targeting localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sort ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... clear frequency gradients are placed at the center as the core and are surrounded by the belt region, considered the higherorder region, including the secondary auditory field (AII), the ultrasonic field (UF), and the dorsoposterior field (DP) (Stiebler et al. 1997). The AAF and AI have frequencyorg ...
... clear frequency gradients are placed at the center as the core and are surrounded by the belt region, considered the higherorder region, including the secondary auditory field (AII), the ultrasonic field (UF), and the dorsoposterior field (DP) (Stiebler et al. 1997). The AAF and AI have frequencyorg ...
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters
... of a given species, then it is possible to identify three different GnRH lineages expressed by distinct brain areas in vertebrates. These lineages would include the conserved cGnRH-II or mesencephalic lineage, the “releasing” hypothalamic lineage with a primary structure diverging by specific point ...
... of a given species, then it is possible to identify three different GnRH lineages expressed by distinct brain areas in vertebrates. These lineages would include the conserved cGnRH-II or mesencephalic lineage, the “releasing” hypothalamic lineage with a primary structure diverging by specific point ...
Management of type 2 diabetes: new and future developments in
... www.thelancet.com Vol 378 July 9, 2011 ...
... www.thelancet.com Vol 378 July 9, 2011 ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 1994; Porter and Balaban 1997; Ruggiero et al. 1996; Yates et a ...
... aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 1994; Porter and Balaban 1997; Ruggiero et al. 1996; Yates et a ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... however, and did not reconstruct the SII neuronal recording sites with respect to the cortical layers. Cutaneous stimulation. We have shown previously that thalamic and cortical neurons that are sensitive to hair movements can be activated by computer-controlled airjets (Johnson and Alloway, 1994, 1 ...
... however, and did not reconstruct the SII neuronal recording sites with respect to the cortical layers. Cutaneous stimulation. We have shown previously that thalamic and cortical neurons that are sensitive to hair movements can be activated by computer-controlled airjets (Johnson and Alloway, 1994, 1 ...
Characterization of MeCP2e1 Transgenic Mice
... stabilization (3). Since the protein MeCP2 is known to be involved in gene transcription and expression, abnormal epigenetic regulation is thought to be the underlying cause of RTT pathogenesis (1). MeCP2 is a DNA-binding protein that preferentially binds methylated CpG dinucleotide regions of DNA ( ...
... stabilization (3). Since the protein MeCP2 is known to be involved in gene transcription and expression, abnormal epigenetic regulation is thought to be the underlying cause of RTT pathogenesis (1). MeCP2 is a DNA-binding protein that preferentially binds methylated CpG dinucleotide regions of DNA ( ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or nerve cells, are electrically active cells that are primarily responsible for carrying out the brain's functions. Neurons create action potentials, which are discrete electrical signals that travel down axons and cause the release of c ...
... personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or nerve cells, are electrically active cells that are primarily responsible for carrying out the brain's functions. Neurons create action potentials, which are discrete electrical signals that travel down axons and cause the release of c ...
Signals from the notochord and floor plate regulate
... and eventually come to lie in two longitudinal columns on either side of the floor plate (Hamburger, 1948). Neural crest cells are generated early from the neural folds and dorsal regions of the neural tube and migrate to various sites in the body where they differentiate into a number of neural and ...
... and eventually come to lie in two longitudinal columns on either side of the floor plate (Hamburger, 1948). Neural crest cells are generated early from the neural folds and dorsal regions of the neural tube and migrate to various sites in the body where they differentiate into a number of neural and ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... 6 –7 days postfertilization (dpf) when the embryos die of multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate laterally by 36 hpf, while the majority of cells located more anteriorly in r2 and r3 remain medial throughout development (Fig. 1F). These data are consistent with the ectopic expr ...
... 6 –7 days postfertilization (dpf) when the embryos die of multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate laterally by 36 hpf, while the majority of cells located more anteriorly in r2 and r3 remain medial throughout development (Fig. 1F). These data are consistent with the ectopic expr ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... as astrocytes and microglia are critical for the pathogenic process of ALS1–4. ALS-linked genes such as Sod1 are expressed in glia and motor neurons, and glial cell dysfunction appears to exacerbate injury to motor neurons, as selective removal of mutant SOD1 from subsets of glia slows disease progr ...
... as astrocytes and microglia are critical for the pathogenic process of ALS1–4. ALS-linked genes such as Sod1 are expressed in glia and motor neurons, and glial cell dysfunction appears to exacerbate injury to motor neurons, as selective removal of mutant SOD1 from subsets of glia slows disease progr ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... early lethality of Lim1tlz mutants, we generated ES cells in which both copies of the Lim1 gene carried the Lim1tlz insertion and used these ES cells to generate mutant ↔ wild-type chimeric embryos. ES cells contribute selectively to definitive embryonic tissues (Beddington and Robertson, 1989), and ...
... early lethality of Lim1tlz mutants, we generated ES cells in which both copies of the Lim1 gene carried the Lim1tlz insertion and used these ES cells to generate mutant ↔ wild-type chimeric embryos. ES cells contribute selectively to definitive embryonic tissues (Beddington and Robertson, 1989), and ...
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPAR
... take place in mitochondria, and both result in inactivation of the enzyme. Acetylation of HMGCS2 occurs at Lys 310, 447 and 473 and is mediated by mitochondrial acetyltransferases. During fasting, a mitochondrial deacetylase, Sirt3, which belongs to the deacetylase/ADP-ribosylase family of sirtuins, ...
... take place in mitochondria, and both result in inactivation of the enzyme. Acetylation of HMGCS2 occurs at Lys 310, 447 and 473 and is mediated by mitochondrial acetyltransferases. During fasting, a mitochondrial deacetylase, Sirt3, which belongs to the deacetylase/ADP-ribosylase family of sirtuins, ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... neurons (Gerfen & Young, 1988; Gerfen et al., 1990; Le Moine & Bloch, 1995). The other half do not express PPE (PPE –), and thus can be phenotypically identified as striatonigral neurons (Gerfen & Young, 1988; Le Moine & Bloch, 1995). Models of basal ganglia function suggest that activation of striat ...
... neurons (Gerfen & Young, 1988; Gerfen et al., 1990; Le Moine & Bloch, 1995). The other half do not express PPE (PPE –), and thus can be phenotypically identified as striatonigral neurons (Gerfen & Young, 1988; Le Moine & Bloch, 1995). Models of basal ganglia function suggest that activation of striat ...
The Lactic Acid Response to Alkalosis in Panic Disorder
... patients and 17 control subjects from the two studies combined revealed a significantly greater increase in serum lactate following hyperventilation and glucose loading in the panic disorder subjects compared with the control subjects (Figure 3). When the total of 11 patients who panicked during hype ...
... patients and 17 control subjects from the two studies combined revealed a significantly greater increase in serum lactate following hyperventilation and glucose loading in the panic disorder subjects compared with the control subjects (Figure 3). When the total of 11 patients who panicked during hype ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.