Guidelines on Similar Biologics: Regulatory Requirements for
... • The reference biologic should be licensed in India and should be innovator product. The reference biologic should be licensed based on a full safety, efficacy and quality data. Therefore another similar biologic cannot be considered as a choice for reference biologic. • In case the reference bio ...
... • The reference biologic should be licensed in India and should be innovator product. The reference biologic should be licensed based on a full safety, efficacy and quality data. Therefore another similar biologic cannot be considered as a choice for reference biologic. • In case the reference bio ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... few days (Wu et al., 1999). During this period of rapid dendritic growth, synaptic currents are principally mediated by NMDA receptors, and pharmacological blockade of NMDA receptors markedly reduces dendritic growth rates (Rajan and Cline, 1998). While these observations indicate that afferent acti ...
... few days (Wu et al., 1999). During this period of rapid dendritic growth, synaptic currents are principally mediated by NMDA receptors, and pharmacological blockade of NMDA receptors markedly reduces dendritic growth rates (Rajan and Cline, 1998). While these observations indicate that afferent acti ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimulus was presented to the animal after fixation on a small point ...
... delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimulus was presented to the animal after fixation on a small point ...
FREE Sample Here
... Full file at http://testbankonline.eu/Test-bank-for-The-World-of-Psychology,-Seventh-Canadian-Edition7th-edition-by-Samuel-E.-W ...
... Full file at http://testbankonline.eu/Test-bank-for-The-World-of-Psychology,-Seventh-Canadian-Edition7th-edition-by-Samuel-E.-W ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... background. Figure 3A shows the roughly circular receptive fields from each of a number of electrode penetrations in the tectum of a sunfish. In this animal, the receptive fields are of fairly similar size and each part of the visual field is represented by a roughly equal area of tectal surface. Th ...
... background. Figure 3A shows the roughly circular receptive fields from each of a number of electrode penetrations in the tectum of a sunfish. In this animal, the receptive fields are of fairly similar size and each part of the visual field is represented by a roughly equal area of tectal surface. Th ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... is to make us eat, drink, and mate. Species with brains that allow them to get better rewards will win in evolution. This is what our brain does, acquire rewards, and do it in the best possible way. It may well be the reason why brains have evolved. Brains allow multicellular organisms to move about ...
... is to make us eat, drink, and mate. Species with brains that allow them to get better rewards will win in evolution. This is what our brain does, acquire rewards, and do it in the best possible way. It may well be the reason why brains have evolved. Brains allow multicellular organisms to move about ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... 2. Second, artificial stimulation of thalamic and cortical synaptic inputs to LA can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) at these synapses, suggesting that sensory inputs to LA can indeed be strengthened as predicted by the associative hypothesis. 3. Third, neural responses evoked in LA by the audito ...
... 2. Second, artificial stimulation of thalamic and cortical synaptic inputs to LA can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) at these synapses, suggesting that sensory inputs to LA can indeed be strengthened as predicted by the associative hypothesis. 3. Third, neural responses evoked in LA by the audito ...
Ethanol-soluble Intermediates and Products of
... Fig. I. Labelling of ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insolublefractions of Euglena as functions of time after addition of [2-l4C]acetate.Left ordinate, total counts in soluble fraction; right ordinate, counts per min. in insoluble fraction. The numerical values of the counts for the two fractions are no ...
... Fig. I. Labelling of ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insolublefractions of Euglena as functions of time after addition of [2-l4C]acetate.Left ordinate, total counts in soluble fraction; right ordinate, counts per min. in insoluble fraction. The numerical values of the counts for the two fractions are no ...
Chapter 14 Regulation of Breathing
... Describe how the regulation of breathing in individuals with chronic hypercapnia differs from the regulation of breathing in healthy persons. ...
... Describe how the regulation of breathing in individuals with chronic hypercapnia differs from the regulation of breathing in healthy persons. ...
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
... Probably hypercomplex version of the simple and complex cells ...
... Probably hypercomplex version of the simple and complex cells ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... RF. In the Attentional Effects With a Single Stimulus in the RF section, this finding is explained by pigeonholing or, in some cases, by the presence of stimuli other than the one defined by the experimenter. A third common effect of attention is an increase in a cell’s baseline firing rate when a t ...
... RF. In the Attentional Effects With a Single Stimulus in the RF section, this finding is explained by pigeonholing or, in some cases, by the presence of stimuli other than the one defined by the experimenter. A third common effect of attention is an increase in a cell’s baseline firing rate when a t ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... synaptic potentiation, implying a neuronal plasticity in these circuits that may play an active role in epileptogenesis [8,9]. The role of the callosum in generalizing seizures with origins at a cingulate focus is less clear, however, as ablation of the corpus callosum has been shown to have no effe ...
... synaptic potentiation, implying a neuronal plasticity in these circuits that may play an active role in epileptogenesis [8,9]. The role of the callosum in generalizing seizures with origins at a cingulate focus is less clear, however, as ablation of the corpus callosum has been shown to have no effe ...
Sample
... c. an exchange of positive and negative ions through the cell membrane. Correct: It is through the exchange of negative and positive ions through the cell membrane that a neuron is capable of “firing,” or releasing neurotransmitters. d. a molecular chain reaction. Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref ...
... c. an exchange of positive and negative ions through the cell membrane. Correct: It is through the exchange of negative and positive ions through the cell membrane that a neuron is capable of “firing,” or releasing neurotransmitters. d. a molecular chain reaction. Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... connections between the amygdala and the ventral striatum provide a major route by which the amygdala can affect motivated behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be s ...
... connections between the amygdala and the ventral striatum provide a major route by which the amygdala can affect motivated behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be s ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... bar was superimposed on an ellipse, and measured the spread of attention between the bar and ellipse. They manipulated the depth order of the bar and the ellipse by changing the binocular disparity of the stimulus. In one situation, the ellipse was perceived to be in front of the bar, and the ellips ...
... bar was superimposed on an ellipse, and measured the spread of attention between the bar and ellipse. They manipulated the depth order of the bar and the ellipse by changing the binocular disparity of the stimulus. In one situation, the ellipse was perceived to be in front of the bar, and the ellips ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
Selective Loss of Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide
... To evaluate the possible role of neuropeptide immunoreactive primary sensory neurons on the development of nociceptive dysfunction in diabetes, the absolute numbers of immunoreactive substance P and calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies were estimated in diabe ...
... To evaluate the possible role of neuropeptide immunoreactive primary sensory neurons on the development of nociceptive dysfunction in diabetes, the absolute numbers of immunoreactive substance P and calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies were estimated in diabe ...
Neuro-Bio-Behavioral Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo
... placebo treatment. There are different mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, including spontaneous remission, regression to the mean, natural course of a disease, biases, and placebo responses. The placebo response refers to the outcome caused by a placebo manipulation. It reflects the neurobiologi ...
... placebo treatment. There are different mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, including spontaneous remission, regression to the mean, natural course of a disease, biases, and placebo responses. The placebo response refers to the outcome caused by a placebo manipulation. It reflects the neurobiologi ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... motor cortex and the caudal sectors of premotor cortex appeared to be at a similar hierarchical level, coordinating different but equally complex movements. Movements could not be consistently evoked from rostral premotor cortex. These results suggest a new framework in which (a) the primary motor c ...
... motor cortex and the caudal sectors of premotor cortex appeared to be at a similar hierarchical level, coordinating different but equally complex movements. Movements could not be consistently evoked from rostral premotor cortex. These results suggest a new framework in which (a) the primary motor c ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... et al. [(1996) Mol Cell Neurosci 7:222–238] reported that the high potassium-mediated secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from hippocampal cultures was dependent on extracellular calcium. Mowla et al. [(1997) Proc 27th Annu Meet Soc Neurosci New Orleans 875.10] reported on even fur ...
... et al. [(1996) Mol Cell Neurosci 7:222–238] reported that the high potassium-mediated secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from hippocampal cultures was dependent on extracellular calcium. Mowla et al. [(1997) Proc 27th Annu Meet Soc Neurosci New Orleans 875.10] reported on even fur ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.