042-14.4.04.01.20.20/03-2012 30.09.2009 ж. №2 басылым орнына
... 3. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs. 1. Trees and shrubs should be planted at the same depth at which they were growing in the container or field nursery. 2. Wood products made from trees can be reused and recycled. 3. By controlling the density of trees through ...
... 3. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs. 1. Trees and shrubs should be planted at the same depth at which they were growing in the container or field nursery. 2. Wood products made from trees can be reused and recycled. 3. By controlling the density of trees through ...
Appendix 4 - EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
... This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment a ...
... This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment a ...
Evolutionary food web model based on body masses gives realistic
... Even if a newly emerging species is slightly better adapted to the resources and therefore displaces a species of similar body mass, it has the same feeding preferences and hence the same function in the food web, leading to a very low species turnover without secondary extinctions [15]. The network ...
... Even if a newly emerging species is slightly better adapted to the resources and therefore displaces a species of similar body mass, it has the same feeding preferences and hence the same function in the food web, leading to a very low species turnover without secondary extinctions [15]. The network ...
extinction-proneness of island species
... (1983) argue that it was actually biotic and abiotic habitat changes on the island that caused this turnover. Predation by recently introduced feral cats (Felis eatus) caused the endemic species to decline, while the two new immigrants had been frequent transients on the island previously but had be ...
... (1983) argue that it was actually biotic and abiotic habitat changes on the island that caused this turnover. Predation by recently introduced feral cats (Felis eatus) caused the endemic species to decline, while the two new immigrants had been frequent transients on the island previously but had be ...
Introduction to Landscape ecology and matrix
... However, if you open up a large forested area by creating small openings, the patches may not be dense enough to sustain certain kinds of animals ...
... However, if you open up a large forested area by creating small openings, the patches may not be dense enough to sustain certain kinds of animals ...
Analysis of interspecific competition in perennial plants using life table
... effects in terms of growth reduction and therefore neglect potentially important components of individual fitness on population dynamics, such as survival or fecundity 共Aarssen and Keogh 2002兲. If long-term experiments based on multiple fitness trait measurements through time are clearly needed in com ...
... effects in terms of growth reduction and therefore neglect potentially important components of individual fitness on population dynamics, such as survival or fecundity 共Aarssen and Keogh 2002兲. If long-term experiments based on multiple fitness trait measurements through time are clearly needed in com ...
Ch21_Clicker_Questions - Saint Leo University Faculty
... Commensalism is a form of symbiosis that benefits one species of an interaction while having no effect on the other. Mutualism benefits both species. Parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Commensalism is a form of symbiosis that benefits one species of an interaction while having no effect on the other. Mutualism benefits both species. Parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
... shifts in per capita interaction strength and the relative abundance of interacting species. Changes in interspecific relationships, in turn, can drive important local-scale changes in community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning, and can potentially alter large-scale patterns of distr ...
... shifts in per capita interaction strength and the relative abundance of interacting species. Changes in interspecific relationships, in turn, can drive important local-scale changes in community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning, and can potentially alter large-scale patterns of distr ...
Intertidal Fauna
... The inter‐tidal area of Marine National Park in Gujarat, one of the richest in marine biodiversity in the country, covers an area of 163 sq km and includes an archipelago of 42 islands. Out of these, the ongoing study of BNHS marine conservation programme focuses on two ...
... The inter‐tidal area of Marine National Park in Gujarat, one of the richest in marine biodiversity in the country, covers an area of 163 sq km and includes an archipelago of 42 islands. Out of these, the ongoing study of BNHS marine conservation programme focuses on two ...
On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology
... Conservation biologists often use one or a small number of species as surrogates to help them tackle conservation problems (Thomas 1972; Cairns et al. 1979; Panwar 1984; Wilcox 1984; Jarvinen 1985; Bibby et al. 1992). Surrogate species are employed to indicate the extent of various types of anthropo ...
... Conservation biologists often use one or a small number of species as surrogates to help them tackle conservation problems (Thomas 1972; Cairns et al. 1979; Panwar 1984; Wilcox 1984; Jarvinen 1985; Bibby et al. 1992). Surrogate species are employed to indicate the extent of various types of anthropo ...
1" 2" 3" Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability 4" 5" 6
... idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evolution, but overall ecological differentiation, across ...
... idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evolution, but overall ecological differentiation, across ...
The impact of nonlinear functional responses on the long
... direct competition, i.e. with aij ¼ cdij where dij is the Kronecker delta defined by dij ¼ 0 for iaj and dii ¼ 1: They are still true when direct inter-specific competition is included, as in a different evolutionary model described by L.assig et al. (2001) and also in our model if we set aij ¼ crij ð ...
... direct competition, i.e. with aij ¼ cdij where dij is the Kronecker delta defined by dij ¼ 0 for iaj and dii ¼ 1: They are still true when direct inter-specific competition is included, as in a different evolutionary model described by L.assig et al. (2001) and also in our model if we set aij ¼ crij ð ...
When climate change affects where birds sing
... position for 34 species of birds studied in the same area during 2 periods separated by more than 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site I studied the position of singing birds around the village of Kraghede (lat 5712#N, long 1000#E), Denmark during April to July 1986–1989 (Møller et al. 2008) ...
... position for 34 species of birds studied in the same area during 2 periods separated by more than 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site I studied the position of singing birds around the village of Kraghede (lat 5712#N, long 1000#E), Denmark during April to July 1986–1989 (Møller et al. 2008) ...
Distribution and Diversity of Fiji`s Terrestrial
... Abstract: In 2003 The Wildlife Conservation Society attempted to evaluate the conservation status of Fiji’s natural forests including identifying a series of biological provinces (based on the distribution and endemism of a number of terrestrial taxa) in which some form of conservation area would ne ...
... Abstract: In 2003 The Wildlife Conservation Society attempted to evaluate the conservation status of Fiji’s natural forests including identifying a series of biological provinces (based on the distribution and endemism of a number of terrestrial taxa) in which some form of conservation area would ne ...
Effects of population-level aggregation
... The species–time relationship, on the other hand, has received relatively little attention, and work on this pattern has almost exclusively focused on the statistical description of observational, species-level data (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1995; Hadly and Maurer, 2001; Fridley et al., 2006; White et al., ...
... The species–time relationship, on the other hand, has received relatively little attention, and work on this pattern has almost exclusively focused on the statistical description of observational, species-level data (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1995; Hadly and Maurer, 2001; Fridley et al., 2006; White et al., ...
the extended commentary for this paper
... There has been a long-standing interest by ecosystem and soil ecologists in understanding the factors that influence litter decomposition rates. Historically this work recognized the importance of three interacting drivers: the chemical or physical properties of the litter itself (i.e., ‘litter qual ...
... There has been a long-standing interest by ecosystem and soil ecologists in understanding the factors that influence litter decomposition rates. Historically this work recognized the importance of three interacting drivers: the chemical or physical properties of the litter itself (i.e., ‘litter qual ...
Conservation Through Management – Cut Wood as Substrate for
... been enclosed for three seasons (1995, 1997, 2000, or 1996, 1998, 2001). While the experimental design had the advantage of following specific stumps over a period of time, there were some drawbacks. Firstly, biannual enclosing substantially modified natural patterns of succession as access by egg-l ...
... been enclosed for three seasons (1995, 1997, 2000, or 1996, 1998, 2001). While the experimental design had the advantage of following specific stumps over a period of time, there were some drawbacks. Firstly, biannual enclosing substantially modified natural patterns of succession as access by egg-l ...
Ecological Succession
... • 1. on new islands created by volcanic eruptions • 2. in areas exposed when a glacier retreats • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession because it begins where there is no soil ...
... • 1. on new islands created by volcanic eruptions • 2. in areas exposed when a glacier retreats • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession because it begins where there is no soil ...
Landslides as ecosystem disturbance
... Succession is important for two reasons: the value of the concept in the development of ecology as a science and it’s enormous potential in the development of programs for the conservation and exploitation of biological resources (Richards, 1976 cited in Finegan, 1984). The pioneer vegetation on lan ...
... Succession is important for two reasons: the value of the concept in the development of ecology as a science and it’s enormous potential in the development of programs for the conservation and exploitation of biological resources (Richards, 1976 cited in Finegan, 1984). The pioneer vegetation on lan ...
The geography of body size – challenges of the interspecific approach
... However, Bergmann probably thought that this hypothesis applied mostly to closely related species (especially congenerics) rather than to broader taxonomic groups: ‘If there are genera in which the species differ only in size, the smaller species would demand a warmer climate’ (Bergmann, 1847, p. 63 ...
... However, Bergmann probably thought that this hypothesis applied mostly to closely related species (especially congenerics) rather than to broader taxonomic groups: ‘If there are genera in which the species differ only in size, the smaller species would demand a warmer climate’ (Bergmann, 1847, p. 63 ...
arXiv:q-bio/0607016v1 [q
... remarkable; this is referred to as ‘the paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961). To explain this paradox, several attempts have been made. Hutchinson (1961) proposed that because of weather-driven fluctuations, plankton communities are not in equilibrium. Authors such as Richerson et al. (1970) ...
... remarkable; this is referred to as ‘the paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961). To explain this paradox, several attempts have been made. Hutchinson (1961) proposed that because of weather-driven fluctuations, plankton communities are not in equilibrium. Authors such as Richerson et al. (1970) ...
Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur Fast Facts
... and forage mostly during dawn and dusk. Females are dominant in the lemur hierarchy, a system unique to this suborder of prosimians. Females will defend their territory, choose their own mate, and have first access to foraging opportunities. Ruffed lemurs communicate through loud vocalizations which ...
... and forage mostly during dawn and dusk. Females are dominant in the lemur hierarchy, a system unique to this suborder of prosimians. Females will defend their territory, choose their own mate, and have first access to foraging opportunities. Ruffed lemurs communicate through loud vocalizations which ...
Primary Succession
... 3. Using the information at the bottom of Figure 4, draw a line graph to show the changes in species number between 1883 and 1933 in the lithosere succession on Krakatoa. What is the best way to describe the shape of this curve? What does this mean in terms of the development of the succession? 4. C ...
... 3. Using the information at the bottom of Figure 4, draw a line graph to show the changes in species number between 1883 and 1933 in the lithosere succession on Krakatoa. What is the best way to describe the shape of this curve? What does this mean in terms of the development of the succession? 4. C ...
Species Fact Sheets
... General Description This species is a medium-sized forest-dwelling owl. Adults are 18 inches in length and have a wingspan of 40 inches. Spotted owls have a stocky body, short tail, and broad wings. Adults are brown with white spots across on the abdomen and have dark brown eyes. These owls nest in ...
... General Description This species is a medium-sized forest-dwelling owl. Adults are 18 inches in length and have a wingspan of 40 inches. Spotted owls have a stocky body, short tail, and broad wings. Adults are brown with white spots across on the abdomen and have dark brown eyes. These owls nest in ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.