Effects of predation and variation in species relative
... levels of variation in the richness and abundance of species within and among communities. Hubbell’s neutral models have drawn attention because they reproduce several characteristic features of natural communities. But neutral models are criticized for ignoring nonrandom processes known to cause sp ...
... levels of variation in the richness and abundance of species within and among communities. Hubbell’s neutral models have drawn attention because they reproduce several characteristic features of natural communities. But neutral models are criticized for ignoring nonrandom processes known to cause sp ...
Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation
... (Blair and Launer 1997), the number of nonnative species increases toward centers of urbanization, while the number of native species decreases. The final conservation challenge of sprawl is its current and growing geographical extent (Benfield et al. 1999). A review by Czech and colleagues (2000) f ...
... (Blair and Launer 1997), the number of nonnative species increases toward centers of urbanization, while the number of native species decreases. The final conservation challenge of sprawl is its current and growing geographical extent (Benfield et al. 1999). A review by Czech and colleagues (2000) f ...
Sinking ships: conservation options for endemic taxa threatened by
... equilibrium-state-conceived laws and policies not only for these taxa, but for many facing similar threats. To embrace conservation in a changing world will require a new dialogue that includes controversial ideas, a review of existing laws and policies, and preparation for the oncoming change. ...
... equilibrium-state-conceived laws and policies not only for these taxa, but for many facing similar threats. To embrace conservation in a changing world will require a new dialogue that includes controversial ideas, a review of existing laws and policies, and preparation for the oncoming change. ...
APES Fall Semester Peer Review
... A) tall flowers spread their seeds farther. B) tall flowers cannot reproduce. C) short flowers can reproduce. D) short flowers spread their seeds farther. E) short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often. 62. In the process known as convergent evolution, environmental conditions l ...
... A) tall flowers spread their seeds farther. B) tall flowers cannot reproduce. C) short flowers can reproduce. D) short flowers spread their seeds farther. E) short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often. 62. In the process known as convergent evolution, environmental conditions l ...
Marbled Murrelet
... sides, belly, and wing patches becoming white along with a broken white collar. These colouration patterns also help to camouflage the marbled murrelet from predators on the open ocean as well as during underwater foraging. Juveniles have a similar size and body shape as adults but plumage has more ...
... sides, belly, and wing patches becoming white along with a broken white collar. These colouration patterns also help to camouflage the marbled murrelet from predators on the open ocean as well as during underwater foraging. Juveniles have a similar size and body shape as adults but plumage has more ...
as a PDF
... For large assemblages such as desert riparian (DR, 12 species) and mesquite grassland ecotone (MGE, 13 species), the program generated 999 random samples of the simulated assemblages. To generate the random assemblages, species were chosen without replacement from the regional species pool. Because ...
... For large assemblages such as desert riparian (DR, 12 species) and mesquite grassland ecotone (MGE, 13 species), the program generated 999 random samples of the simulated assemblages. To generate the random assemblages, species were chosen without replacement from the regional species pool. Because ...
Figs and the Diversity of Tropical Rainforests
... Figure 1. The development of a monoecious fig. The fig is a closed, urn-shaped inflorescence. Bracts that are tightly shut in the immature fig (stage A) loosen when it becomes receptive (stage B), allowing wasp pollinators to enter. Specificity is maintained in part by chemical cues and in part by t ...
... Figure 1. The development of a monoecious fig. The fig is a closed, urn-shaped inflorescence. Bracts that are tightly shut in the immature fig (stage A) loosen when it becomes receptive (stage B), allowing wasp pollinators to enter. Specificity is maintained in part by chemical cues and in part by t ...
Rewilding and Biodiversity
... of landscapes and vegetation, plus lists of vulnerable species, to assist in sequestering representative samples of all ecosystem types and “special elements” in a system of nature reserves. The state natural heritage programs established by Bob Jenkins of The Nature Conservancy led this effort. Lat ...
... of landscapes and vegetation, plus lists of vulnerable species, to assist in sequestering representative samples of all ecosystem types and “special elements” in a system of nature reserves. The state natural heritage programs established by Bob Jenkins of The Nature Conservancy led this effort. Lat ...
Biological Diversity
... from this disease.4 Once thought to be caused by filth or bad air (hence the name malaria, from the Latin for "bad air"), malaria is actually caused by parasitic microbes (four species of the protozoa Plasmodium). These microbes affect and are carried by Anopheles mosquitoes, which then transfer the ...
... from this disease.4 Once thought to be caused by filth or bad air (hence the name malaria, from the Latin for "bad air"), malaria is actually caused by parasitic microbes (four species of the protozoa Plasmodium). These microbes affect and are carried by Anopheles mosquitoes, which then transfer the ...
2015-01-03_UTRB-call_ver17
... • Species richness – at scale of 8-digit HUC sub-basins (Figure 2). • Feasibility of implementing habitat management actions (Appendix 4) for habitat restoration/protection and threat abatement for each sub-basin, was acquired through an averaged polling of expert opinion: o 1 = infeasible to low de ...
... • Species richness – at scale of 8-digit HUC sub-basins (Figure 2). • Feasibility of implementing habitat management actions (Appendix 4) for habitat restoration/protection and threat abatement for each sub-basin, was acquired through an averaged polling of expert opinion: o 1 = infeasible to low de ...
mathe.chp:Corel VENTURA
... otic components of edge effect. The first is when different species prefer different habitats (e.g., grassland or forest interior). The second is when the individuals of the same population behave differently in different locations (e.g., because predation is higher in the edge; Batáry and Báldi 200 ...
... otic components of edge effect. The first is when different species prefer different habitats (e.g., grassland or forest interior). The second is when the individuals of the same population behave differently in different locations (e.g., because predation is higher in the edge; Batáry and Báldi 200 ...
How geographic distance and depth drive ecological variability and
... described by Werner et al. (1997), Jirka (2001) and Johnston & Merrifield (2003). Such mechanisms play major roles in population and community structure of archipelago systems. These systems are usually characterized by a rich endemic marine biodiversity due to their isolation from continents. They ...
... described by Werner et al. (1997), Jirka (2001) and Johnston & Merrifield (2003). Such mechanisms play major roles in population and community structure of archipelago systems. These systems are usually characterized by a rich endemic marine biodiversity due to their isolation from continents. They ...
Forest Ecology - Michigan Forests Forever
... A collection of individuals of a given species make up a population. The size, frequency, and distributions of populations are important elements of diversity. A Canada lynx might be listed as endangered in Michigan, but across its range it is a common animal. Sometimes populations on the edge of sp ...
... A collection of individuals of a given species make up a population. The size, frequency, and distributions of populations are important elements of diversity. A Canada lynx might be listed as endangered in Michigan, but across its range it is a common animal. Sometimes populations on the edge of sp ...
Vojtech Novotny: Studying and preserving tropical biodiversity in
... Owen Lewis: Trophic interactions and tropical tree diversity Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, densi ...
... Owen Lewis: Trophic interactions and tropical tree diversity Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, densi ...
Prioritizing Ecosystems, Species, and Sites for Restoration
... NatureServe (http://www.natureserve.org/), is designed to take into account many factors that determine vulnerability, but in practice rankings are based primarily on rarity, as this parameter can often be estimated with greatest confidence. For example, a species or community is generally considere ...
... NatureServe (http://www.natureserve.org/), is designed to take into account many factors that determine vulnerability, but in practice rankings are based primarily on rarity, as this parameter can often be estimated with greatest confidence. For example, a species or community is generally considere ...
Oxleyan Pygmy Perch – Nannoperca oxleyana
... The fins are mainly clear, except during breeding, when males develop more intense red and brown fin and body colouration than females and have black pelvic fins. ...
... The fins are mainly clear, except during breeding, when males develop more intense red and brown fin and body colouration than females and have black pelvic fins. ...
lecture 25 ch 22 community development
... How study succession? Direct – can do for early stages Indirect for longer periods Chronosequence – infer change through time by comparing plots of different age Tree cores Life history differences influence species place in sere r-selected pioneer species in early succession many, small seeds with ...
... How study succession? Direct – can do for early stages Indirect for longer periods Chronosequence – infer change through time by comparing plots of different age Tree cores Life history differences influence species place in sere r-selected pioneer species in early succession many, small seeds with ...
SPECIES INTERACTIONS
... COMMENSALISM • E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a common bacteria found living in the guts of mammals, including humans, where it gets all it needs to thrive. • In most circumstances, humans are not harmed by its presence and no benefit has been discovered. ...
... COMMENSALISM • E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a common bacteria found living in the guts of mammals, including humans, where it gets all it needs to thrive. • In most circumstances, humans are not harmed by its presence and no benefit has been discovered. ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories
... of these species were presented in Witmer et al. (2007, non-fish vertebrates) and in Fuller et al. (1999, fish species). Our focus was on the United States mainland and Hawaii, so some of the species introduced to United States territories (e.g., Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, an ...
... of these species were presented in Witmer et al. (2007, non-fish vertebrates) and in Fuller et al. (1999, fish species). Our focus was on the United States mainland and Hawaii, so some of the species introduced to United States territories (e.g., Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, an ...
Fragmentation
... Edge effects The term "edge effect" was popularized by Aldo Leopold in his classic text Game Management (1933). The term refers to the fact that many organisms exhibit responses to the presence of habitat edges. Because edges represent the boundary between two habitat types, one may encounter repre ...
... Edge effects The term "edge effect" was popularized by Aldo Leopold in his classic text Game Management (1933). The term refers to the fact that many organisms exhibit responses to the presence of habitat edges. Because edges represent the boundary between two habitat types, one may encounter repre ...
Effects of water pulsing on individual performance and competitive
... Overall survival of seedlings throughout the experiment was quite high (> 85%) and did not differ significantly among treatments. Therefore we report results only for total biomass and biomass allocation to roots. Species differences and effects of pulse frequency and water quantity in the absence o ...
... Overall survival of seedlings throughout the experiment was quite high (> 85%) and did not differ significantly among treatments. Therefore we report results only for total biomass and biomass allocation to roots. Species differences and effects of pulse frequency and water quantity in the absence o ...
Invasiveness Does Not Predict Impact: Response of Native Land
... (control) plot was placed in a close vicinity to ensure that the habitat conditions matched as closely as possible to the invaded part [23]. Both plots in the studied pair were sampled once only on the same day. Most of the plots within pairs were placed within the distance of 200 m (median value 15 ...
... (control) plot was placed in a close vicinity to ensure that the habitat conditions matched as closely as possible to the invaded part [23]. Both plots in the studied pair were sampled once only on the same day. Most of the plots within pairs were placed within the distance of 200 m (median value 15 ...
Midterm 2
... a) In the graph above, assume that te represents the traveling time from an individual European swallow’s nest to the foraging patch. What is the optimal foraging time for such a bird? Please depict your answer graphically using the template above, and be sure to label the optimal foraging time. (3 ...
... a) In the graph above, assume that te represents the traveling time from an individual European swallow’s nest to the foraging patch. What is the optimal foraging time for such a bird? Please depict your answer graphically using the template above, and be sure to label the optimal foraging time. (3 ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.