A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... study, we dissociated the actions (arm movements) from the events that occur as a result of the actions (motions of a cursor in a visual display) by incorporating several different assignments that defined the relationship between arm movements and cursor movements (Figure 1B). We used two sets of g ...
... study, we dissociated the actions (arm movements) from the events that occur as a result of the actions (motions of a cursor in a visual display) by incorporating several different assignments that defined the relationship between arm movements and cursor movements (Figure 1B). We used two sets of g ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity, including the generation of theta oscillations. Much less is known about the synaptic target neurons outside the hippocampus. T ...
... from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity, including the generation of theta oscillations. Much less is known about the synaptic target neurons outside the hippocampus. T ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... AMPA and GABA mediated receptors. The membrane time constant was set to τm = 20 ms. The synaptic conductance strength ggaba and gampa were chosen to be identical across all synapses of the same type. We model the postsynaptic neuron to be in a state close to balanced excitation and inhibition. To th ...
... AMPA and GABA mediated receptors. The membrane time constant was set to τm = 20 ms. The synaptic conductance strength ggaba and gampa were chosen to be identical across all synapses of the same type. We model the postsynaptic neuron to be in a state close to balanced excitation and inhibition. To th ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
Review Early Steps in the Development of the Forebrain
... pink. The germ ring (blue) is a source of caudalizing signals (white arrowheads) and so as epiboly moves the germ ring vegetally (black arrows); the prospective forebrain becomes positioned further distant from the caudalizing signals. The prechordal plate mesendoderm migrates rostrally beneath the ...
... pink. The germ ring (blue) is a source of caudalizing signals (white arrowheads) and so as epiboly moves the germ ring vegetally (black arrows); the prospective forebrain becomes positioned further distant from the caudalizing signals. The prechordal plate mesendoderm migrates rostrally beneath the ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... differentiation, migration and functional integration into the pre-existing circuitry. During AHN (Fig. 1), neural progenitor cells proliferate in the SGZ and give rise to immature neurons. Many die within 2 weeks, but the surviving neurons then migrate into the molecular layer [51]. The surviving n ...
... differentiation, migration and functional integration into the pre-existing circuitry. During AHN (Fig. 1), neural progenitor cells proliferate in the SGZ and give rise to immature neurons. Many die within 2 weeks, but the surviving neurons then migrate into the molecular layer [51]. The surviving n ...
Cholecystokinin Modulates Migration of
... In addition, migrating GnRH-1 neurons in nasal regions express CCK-1R but not CCK-2R receptors. The role of CCK in olfactory–GnRH-1 system development was evaluated using nasal explants, after assessing that the in vivo expression of both CCK and CCK receptors was mimicked in this in vitro model. Ex ...
... In addition, migrating GnRH-1 neurons in nasal regions express CCK-1R but not CCK-2R receptors. The role of CCK in olfactory–GnRH-1 system development was evaluated using nasal explants, after assessing that the in vivo expression of both CCK and CCK receptors was mimicked in this in vitro model. Ex ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... behaviors of rats driven by rewards are controlled by PPTN (Bechara and van der Kooy 1989; Bechara et al. 1995; Stefurak and van der Kooy 1994). In conditioned cats, reversible blockage of PPTN by muscimol injection caused elongation of inter-trial intervals in a lever-release task (Condé et al. 19 ...
... behaviors of rats driven by rewards are controlled by PPTN (Bechara and van der Kooy 1989; Bechara et al. 1995; Stefurak and van der Kooy 1994). In conditioned cats, reversible blockage of PPTN by muscimol injection caused elongation of inter-trial intervals in a lever-release task (Condé et al. 19 ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... time window is set by the experimenter and depends on the type of neuron recorded from and the stimulus . In practice, to get sensible averages, several spikes should occur within the time window . Values of T = 100ms or T = 500 ms are typical , but the duration may also be longer or shorter. This d ...
... time window is set by the experimenter and depends on the type of neuron recorded from and the stimulus . In practice, to get sensible averages, several spikes should occur within the time window . Values of T = 100ms or T = 500 ms are typical , but the duration may also be longer or shorter. This d ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... association with neurons, can enwrap synaptic terminals5,6 (FIG. 1) and have extensive contacts with endothelial cells from capillaries. Moreover, astrocytes are interconnected with one another by gap junctions. Astrocytes are therefore positioned in such a way that they have the potential to be a p ...
... association with neurons, can enwrap synaptic terminals5,6 (FIG. 1) and have extensive contacts with endothelial cells from capillaries. Moreover, astrocytes are interconnected with one another by gap junctions. Astrocytes are therefore positioned in such a way that they have the potential to be a p ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... background noise levels. No significant differences were observed in the duration or frequency of the oscillations measured with any of the methods. All the data and figures presented here correspond to a threshold located at 23 SD of the noise. The propagation, synchrony, and duration of the oscillat ...
... background noise levels. No significant differences were observed in the duration or frequency of the oscillations measured with any of the methods. All the data and figures presented here correspond to a threshold located at 23 SD of the noise. The propagation, synchrony, and duration of the oscillat ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... ago. We are happy to be part of this network and honored to have the opportunity to organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with the theme of our Bernstein Focus, a special emphasis is put on Computational Vision. Highli ...
... ago. We are happy to be part of this network and honored to have the opportunity to organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with the theme of our Bernstein Focus, a special emphasis is put on Computational Vision. Highli ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... environment. The capacity of the environment to provide rewards to the organism as a result of its actions, is the basis for this type of learning(Sutton & Barto, 1998). The core ideas of modern reinforcement learning come from classical and instrumental conditioning theories in psychology (although ...
... environment. The capacity of the environment to provide rewards to the organism as a result of its actions, is the basis for this type of learning(Sutton & Barto, 1998). The core ideas of modern reinforcement learning come from classical and instrumental conditioning theories in psychology (although ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... Abstract—Both GABA and glycine (Gly) containing neurons send inhibitory projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), whereas inhibitory neurons within the IC are primarily GABAergic. To date, however, a quantitative description of the topographic distribution of GABAergic neurons in the rat’s IC and ...
... Abstract—Both GABA and glycine (Gly) containing neurons send inhibitory projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), whereas inhibitory neurons within the IC are primarily GABAergic. To date, however, a quantitative description of the topographic distribution of GABAergic neurons in the rat’s IC and ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... behind, the obex with a significant input into the medial nucleus and a sparse input to the ventrolateral subnucleus (Donoghue et al. 1984). Neurons in these regions have been shown to receive both a monosynaptic excitatory input on sinus nerve stimulation and are excited by natural peripheral chemo ...
... behind, the obex with a significant input into the medial nucleus and a sparse input to the ventrolateral subnucleus (Donoghue et al. 1984). Neurons in these regions have been shown to receive both a monosynaptic excitatory input on sinus nerve stimulation and are excited by natural peripheral chemo ...
Early Neuronal Loss and Axonal/Presynaptic Damage is Associated
... and pathology [1, 16, 18, 32–37]. Loss of the subicular neurons has been reported to be associated with clinical AD [19, 21]. Thus, damaged hippocampal–cortical and hippocampal–subcortical communication might be significant for the memory impairment seen in patients. In AD models, tremendous attenti ...
... and pathology [1, 16, 18, 32–37]. Loss of the subicular neurons has been reported to be associated with clinical AD [19, 21]. Thus, damaged hippocampal–cortical and hippocampal–subcortical communication might be significant for the memory impairment seen in patients. In AD models, tremendous attenti ...
NEOCORTEX
... the entire dendritic tree. These neurons form a small subclass of the inhibitory neuron population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. ...
... the entire dendritic tree. These neurons form a small subclass of the inhibitory neuron population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... VZ constitutes the preplate (reviewed in Allendoerfer & Shatz 1994), originally described in Golgi-stained preparations as the primordial plexiform layer (Marı́nPadilla 1971). The second wave of neuronal migration forms the cortical plate, which splits the preplate into two layers, the marginal zone ...
... VZ constitutes the preplate (reviewed in Allendoerfer & Shatz 1994), originally described in Golgi-stained preparations as the primordial plexiform layer (Marı́nPadilla 1971). The second wave of neuronal migration forms the cortical plate, which splits the preplate into two layers, the marginal zone ...