Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... Most individual odor stimuli activate multiple odorant receptors and thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined ac ...
... Most individual odor stimuli activate multiple odorant receptors and thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined ac ...
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... electroporated using the Neon Transfection System (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) prior to being plated together in the same culture dishes at low density. For small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments, dissociated suspensions of SCG neurons were electroporated with Silencer Select siRNAs (Life Tec ...
... electroporated using the Neon Transfection System (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) prior to being plated together in the same culture dishes at low density. For small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments, dissociated suspensions of SCG neurons were electroporated with Silencer Select siRNAs (Life Tec ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral targeting, we simultaneously labelled distinct anteroposterior whisker follicle positions in different rows of E14.5 and E17.5 whisker pads (Fig. S2F-I). The insertion of NeuroVue filters at single follicles allowed target ...
... To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral targeting, we simultaneously labelled distinct anteroposterior whisker follicle positions in different rows of E14.5 and E17.5 whisker pads (Fig. S2F-I). The insertion of NeuroVue filters at single follicles allowed target ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... electrodes were stereotaxically implanted in either of these coordinates, within the DR (AP – 7.8, L 0, DV –6.5; and AP –7.3, L –2.2 with a lateral angle of 20o, DV –6.6 mm) or the MnR (AP –7.8, L 2.0 with a lateral angle of 13º, DV – 8.8 mm). These angles resulted in the tip of the electrodes at DV ...
... electrodes were stereotaxically implanted in either of these coordinates, within the DR (AP – 7.8, L 0, DV –6.5; and AP –7.3, L –2.2 with a lateral angle of 20o, DV –6.6 mm) or the MnR (AP –7.8, L 2.0 with a lateral angle of 13º, DV – 8.8 mm). These angles resulted in the tip of the electrodes at DV ...
In vitro studies of limb regeneration in adult Diemictylus
... in a position just lateral to the distal tip of the humerus. This resulted in more extensive dedifferentiation of the humerus on the side adjacent to the ganglion (Fig. 11) where osteoclastic activity was more pronounced. In addition, an accumulation of blastema cells was observed between the gangli ...
... in a position just lateral to the distal tip of the humerus. This resulted in more extensive dedifferentiation of the humerus on the side adjacent to the ganglion (Fig. 11) where osteoclastic activity was more pronounced. In addition, an accumulation of blastema cells was observed between the gangli ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Molecular Switches Regulating CNS
... the upregulation and transactivation of EGFR elicits both disinhibited axon regeneration of transected ON axons and survival of RGC in chronic glaucoma models [18, 51]. Although, the absolute signalling mechanisms underlying injured ON axon growth inhibition are not well understood, several studies ...
... the upregulation and transactivation of EGFR elicits both disinhibited axon regeneration of transected ON axons and survival of RGC in chronic glaucoma models [18, 51]. Although, the absolute signalling mechanisms underlying injured ON axon growth inhibition are not well understood, several studies ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... similar stimulation of the nasopharyngeal region persisted in 73 % of tests, however, with a reduced intensity compared to the pre-lesion conditions. The pontine respiratory group seems to be an important source of the facilitatory inputs to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough, expiration, ...
... similar stimulation of the nasopharyngeal region persisted in 73 % of tests, however, with a reduced intensity compared to the pre-lesion conditions. The pontine respiratory group seems to be an important source of the facilitatory inputs to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough, expiration, ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... implement only one set of CS–US mappings at a time. In the two contexts the AN implements two different “policies,” as the same CS induces different transitions. Notice that the CS–US associations are learned independently for each CS. The AN does not store any information about the relations betwee ...
... implement only one set of CS–US mappings at a time. In the two contexts the AN implements two different “policies,” as the same CS induces different transitions. Notice that the CS–US associations are learned independently for each CS. The AN does not store any information about the relations betwee ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... used to quantitatively characterize EEG signals: the greater the dimensionality, the more complex the signals. Therefore, the correlation dimension may reflect the complexity of EEG dynamics and, probably the complexity of neurophysiological processes generating the EEG signals. The better understan ...
... used to quantitatively characterize EEG signals: the greater the dimensionality, the more complex the signals. Therefore, the correlation dimension may reflect the complexity of EEG dynamics and, probably the complexity of neurophysiological processes generating the EEG signals. The better understan ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... overall and that of Gli2 was weak in the PL (Fig. 1F and not shown; Millen et al., 1995). Expression of Zic1-3 was found at high levels in the IGL, as previously reported (Aruga et al., 1996), but also in EGL cells (Fig. 1G, and not shown). Within the EGL, different members of the Gli/Zic superfamil ...
... overall and that of Gli2 was weak in the PL (Fig. 1F and not shown; Millen et al., 1995). Expression of Zic1-3 was found at high levels in the IGL, as previously reported (Aruga et al., 1996), but also in EGL cells (Fig. 1G, and not shown). Within the EGL, different members of the Gli/Zic superfamil ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... overall and that of Gli2 was weak in the PL (Fig. 1F and not shown; Millen et al., 1995). Expression of Zic1-3 was found at high levels in the IGL, as previously reported (Aruga et al., 1996), but also in EGL cells (Fig. 1G, and not shown). Within the EGL, different members of the Gli/Zic superfamil ...
... overall and that of Gli2 was weak in the PL (Fig. 1F and not shown; Millen et al., 1995). Expression of Zic1-3 was found at high levels in the IGL, as previously reported (Aruga et al., 1996), but also in EGL cells (Fig. 1G, and not shown). Within the EGL, different members of the Gli/Zic superfamil ...
self-organising map
... fashion. •Each output neuron is fully connected to all the source nodes in the input layer. •This network represents a feedforward structure with a single computational layer consisting of neurons arranged in a 2D or 1D grid. Higher dimensions > 2D are possible but not used very often. Grid topology ...
... fashion. •Each output neuron is fully connected to all the source nodes in the input layer. •This network represents a feedforward structure with a single computational layer consisting of neurons arranged in a 2D or 1D grid. Higher dimensions > 2D are possible but not used very often. Grid topology ...
Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling regulates Kv4.2-mediated - AJP-Cell
... resistance was 4 – 6 M⍀ after filling with an internal solution. The cultured granule cells selected for electrophysiological recording exhibited common morphological characteristics of healthy cells, such as fusiform soma with two main neurites of similar size. In addition, the mean capacitance of ...
... resistance was 4 – 6 M⍀ after filling with an internal solution. The cultured granule cells selected for electrophysiological recording exhibited common morphological characteristics of healthy cells, such as fusiform soma with two main neurites of similar size. In addition, the mean capacitance of ...
Simulation of myelinated neuron with focus on conduction speed
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... Axopatch 1-D amplifier (Axon Instruments, Foster C ity, CA) in conjunction with a TL -1 data interface and pC lamp6. Recordings were obtained at room temperature only from neurons with short processes (⬍50 m). Electrodes were pulled from borosilicate glass and had resistances ranging from 2 to 3.9 ...
... Axopatch 1-D amplifier (Axon Instruments, Foster C ity, CA) in conjunction with a TL -1 data interface and pC lamp6. Recordings were obtained at room temperature only from neurons with short processes (⬍50 m). Electrodes were pulled from borosilicate glass and had resistances ranging from 2 to 3.9 ...
Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
... Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with ...
... Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... is defined as the minimum total ‘cost’ to transform one spike train into the other via any sequence of insertions, deletions, and time-shifts of spikes. The cost of moving a spike by an amount of time t is set at qt, and the cost of inserting a spike or deleting it is set at unity. Thus, spike train ...
... is defined as the minimum total ‘cost’ to transform one spike train into the other via any sequence of insertions, deletions, and time-shifts of spikes. The cost of moving a spike by an amount of time t is set at qt, and the cost of inserting a spike or deleting it is set at unity. Thus, spike train ...
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... sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic interneurons do not play a decisive role in spindle rhythmicity, as shown by short and arrythmic inhibitory postsynap ...
... sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic interneurons do not play a decisive role in spindle rhythmicity, as shown by short and arrythmic inhibitory postsynap ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... rpointelectrode corresponds to the point on the electrode closest to the source, i.e. the edges of the ...
... rpointelectrode corresponds to the point on the electrode closest to the source, i.e. the edges of the ...