Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... depressor nerve (ADN), vagus nerve, and AP stimulation and to iontophoresis of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4propionic acid and NMDA during control, iontophoresis of 2,3-dihdroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), or both, and recovery con ...
... depressor nerve (ADN), vagus nerve, and AP stimulation and to iontophoresis of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4propionic acid and NMDA during control, iontophoresis of 2,3-dihdroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), or both, and recovery con ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... In unfamiliar environments, neurons in the mEC exhibit grid-like firing patterns within minutes [4]. Moreover, grid cells react quickly to changes in the environment [42–44]. These observations challenge models for grid cells that require gradual synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In princ ...
... In unfamiliar environments, neurons in the mEC exhibit grid-like firing patterns within minutes [4]. Moreover, grid cells react quickly to changes in the environment [42–44]. These observations challenge models for grid cells that require gradual synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In princ ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
Dynamic shaping of dopamine signals during probabilistic
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
Development - Publications Repository
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... After elaborating his grand memory theories of the cerebellum and of the neocortex, the young David Marr turned to what he regarded as little more than a straightforward exercise, and developed a theory for archicortex, i.e. the hippocampus (Marr, 1971). He put together in brilliant mathematical for ...
... After elaborating his grand memory theories of the cerebellum and of the neocortex, the young David Marr turned to what he regarded as little more than a straightforward exercise, and developed a theory for archicortex, i.e. the hippocampus (Marr, 1971). He put together in brilliant mathematical for ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
Dr. Abeer Mahmoud - PNU-CS-AI
... The Neuron in Real Life The unique components are: Cell body or Soma which contains the Nucleus. The Dendrites. The Axon. The Synapses. A neuron has: A branching input (dendrites). A branching output (the axon).. ...
... The Neuron in Real Life The unique components are: Cell body or Soma which contains the Nucleus. The Dendrites. The Axon. The Synapses. A neuron has: A branching input (dendrites). A branching output (the axon).. ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... study, we indeed discovered cellular activity representing the behavioral tactics, independent of action selection, during behavioral epochs for retrieving, maintaining in short memory, and for implementing the tactics. We found further that such activity, abundant in the pmPFC but infrequent in the ...
... study, we indeed discovered cellular activity representing the behavioral tactics, independent of action selection, during behavioral epochs for retrieving, maintaining in short memory, and for implementing the tactics. We found further that such activity, abundant in the pmPFC but infrequent in the ...
J.H. Meijer, S. Michel, M.J. Vansteensel
... of neurotransmitters and hormones. Recordings of electrical activity from SCN neurons can be performed using extracellular recording electrodes, for instance low impedance metal electrodes. Such extracellular recordings can be performed in brain slices for extended periods of time. The electrical si ...
... of neurotransmitters and hormones. Recordings of electrical activity from SCN neurons can be performed using extracellular recording electrodes, for instance low impedance metal electrodes. Such extracellular recordings can be performed in brain slices for extended periods of time. The electrical si ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... Organization of pupal ecdysial behaviors At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the prepara ...
... Organization of pupal ecdysial behaviors At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the prepara ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... motility induced by the 5-HT without altering its secretory effects. This implies, of course, that the serotonin is activating either other neurons or different receptor sites which in turn control the gut musculature. Thus, the mammalian gut is rich in serotonin which induces its epithelium to secr ...
... motility induced by the 5-HT without altering its secretory effects. This implies, of course, that the serotonin is activating either other neurons or different receptor sites which in turn control the gut musculature. Thus, the mammalian gut is rich in serotonin which induces its epithelium to secr ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...
Multi-chip dataflow architecture for massive scale biophysically
... it is possible, for example, to reduce the need for in-vivo experimentation, to improve artificial intelligence and to replace damaged brain parts in patients. A biophysically accurate but complex neuron model, which can be used for such applications, is the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model. State of the a ...
... it is possible, for example, to reduce the need for in-vivo experimentation, to improve artificial intelligence and to replace damaged brain parts in patients. A biophysically accurate but complex neuron model, which can be used for such applications, is the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model. State of the a ...
REVIEW
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER
... that requires us to image the entire retina. In addition, while astrocytes can be represented as points in Euclidean space, the vasculature is a continuous structure and cannot be represented as such. Hence, a quantification method is needed that can map these disparate and large data sources into a ...
... that requires us to image the entire retina. In addition, while astrocytes can be represented as points in Euclidean space, the vasculature is a continuous structure and cannot be represented as such. Hence, a quantification method is needed that can map these disparate and large data sources into a ...
Fast Network Oscillations in the Hippocampal CA1
... fast (.140 Hz) ripples were typically associated with a negative sharp wave in the stratum radiatum (Fig. 1 A). The fast ripple waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field ...
... fast (.140 Hz) ripples were typically associated with a negative sharp wave in the stratum radiatum (Fig. 1 A). The fast ripple waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field ...
Document
... neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the infected cultures [85, 110] and recently Cronier et al. reported that prion infection of primary cultured neurons and astrocytes induced neuronal cell death [27]. In several stud ...
... neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the infected cultures [85, 110] and recently Cronier et al. reported that prion infection of primary cultured neurons and astrocytes induced neuronal cell death [27]. In several stud ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... Based on the pro-migratory effects of CXCL12 in vitro and the requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, a ...
... Based on the pro-migratory effects of CXCL12 in vitro and the requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, a ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... and (b) easy amenability to various genetic analyses such as generation of transgenic lines, knockdown strategy like morpholino antisense technology, generation of mutants, and novel knockouts [3–6]. Another important property of this system is the transparency of its embryo, which allows us to unde ...
... and (b) easy amenability to various genetic analyses such as generation of transgenic lines, knockdown strategy like morpholino antisense technology, generation of mutants, and novel knockouts [3–6]. Another important property of this system is the transparency of its embryo, which allows us to unde ...
HLH-14 is a C. elegans Achaete-Scute protein that
... some sensory organs (Portman and Emmons, 2000; Zhao and Emmons, 1995). In particular, lin-32 mutant males lack rays, peripheral sensory organs of the male tail that are important for sensing hermaphrodites during mating (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). Ectopic expression of LIN-32 under a ubiquitous heatsho ...
... some sensory organs (Portman and Emmons, 2000; Zhao and Emmons, 1995). In particular, lin-32 mutant males lack rays, peripheral sensory organs of the male tail that are important for sensing hermaphrodites during mating (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). Ectopic expression of LIN-32 under a ubiquitous heatsho ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... All active synapses are modified the same way, depending only on the strength of the postsynaptic activity. Heterosynaptic Active synapses can be modified differently, depending upon the strength of their presynaptic activity. ...
... All active synapses are modified the same way, depending only on the strength of the postsynaptic activity. Heterosynaptic Active synapses can be modified differently, depending upon the strength of their presynaptic activity. ...