Full Article
... hemisection. We identified sympathetically related spinal neurons by transynaptic, retrograde transport of renally injected pseudorabies virus. We counted retrogradely labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) and putative sympathetic interneurons (IN) that, under light microscopy, appeared cl ...
... hemisection. We identified sympathetically related spinal neurons by transynaptic, retrograde transport of renally injected pseudorabies virus. We counted retrogradely labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) and putative sympathetic interneurons (IN) that, under light microscopy, appeared cl ...
cp_kellermann_launay_17092010
... Strategies employing antidepressant class I molecules, developed since the 1960s are thus primarily aimed at increasing the quantity of serotonin released in the synaptic gap, the space between two neurons, where the nervous communications take place via the neurotransmitters. Although it has been k ...
... Strategies employing antidepressant class I molecules, developed since the 1960s are thus primarily aimed at increasing the quantity of serotonin released in the synaptic gap, the space between two neurons, where the nervous communications take place via the neurotransmitters. Although it has been k ...
Morris_2007_Macrosto..
... brain, we have begun work on the basal flatworm, Macrostomum lignano. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are traditionally considered to represent the most primitive animals with a true central nervous system (Bullock and Horridge 1965; Hanstroem 1968). Morphological studies at the light and electron micro ...
... brain, we have begun work on the basal flatworm, Macrostomum lignano. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are traditionally considered to represent the most primitive animals with a true central nervous system (Bullock and Horridge 1965; Hanstroem 1968). Morphological studies at the light and electron micro ...
Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Ivanovas, Kisslegg, Germany) weighing 250 –300 g were maintained in cages at 24 ⫾ 2°C. They were fed a standard rat diet (no. C-1000, Altromin, Lage, Germany) containing 0.2% sodium by weight and were allowed free access to tap water. All procedures performed in animals wer ...
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Ivanovas, Kisslegg, Germany) weighing 250 –300 g were maintained in cages at 24 ⫾ 2°C. They were fed a standard rat diet (no. C-1000, Altromin, Lage, Germany) containing 0.2% sodium by weight and were allowed free access to tap water. All procedures performed in animals wer ...
The Cochlear Nucleus - Neurobiology of Hearing
... Cell body - contains the nucleus and other structures found in most cells Axon - thin fiber of constant diameter, in most cases longer then the dendrites; informationinformation sender Myelin sheath - insulating material covering the axons; speed up communication in the neuron Presynaptic terminal - ...
... Cell body - contains the nucleus and other structures found in most cells Axon - thin fiber of constant diameter, in most cases longer then the dendrites; informationinformation sender Myelin sheath - insulating material covering the axons; speed up communication in the neuron Presynaptic terminal - ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
Cochlea and Auditory Pathways
... The nucleus is the source of efferent axons which selectively “tune” the spiral organ for frequency discrimination (e.g., listening to the play of one instrument within an orchestra). (Efferent innervation affects the length of outer hair cells which changes the position of the tectorial membrane wh ...
... The nucleus is the source of efferent axons which selectively “tune” the spiral organ for frequency discrimination (e.g., listening to the play of one instrument within an orchestra). (Efferent innervation affects the length of outer hair cells which changes the position of the tectorial membrane wh ...
Cervical Plexus
... • Myelinated preganglionic exit spinal cord in ventral roots at T1 to L2[L3] levels. • Travel to ganglia at different levels to synapse with postganglionic neurons. • Divergence: – Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic neurons. ...
... • Myelinated preganglionic exit spinal cord in ventral roots at T1 to L2[L3] levels. • Travel to ganglia at different levels to synapse with postganglionic neurons. • Divergence: – Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic neurons. ...
Evaluation of ventral root reimplantation as a treatment of
... While peripheral nerve neurotmesis can be treated with a good functional outcome using routine surgical principles for peripheral nerve injuries [14], root avulsion was until now beyond repair, not only because of the size of the gap separating the spinal cord from the avulsed rootlets, but also bec ...
... While peripheral nerve neurotmesis can be treated with a good functional outcome using routine surgical principles for peripheral nerve injuries [14], root avulsion was until now beyond repair, not only because of the size of the gap separating the spinal cord from the avulsed rootlets, but also bec ...
Ultrastructure of Glial Cells in the Nervous System of Grillotia
... forms a long synapse (Fig. 3a, arrow). Most often, the synaptic membranes are curved as a zigzag line and form mixed-type junctions, including zones of chemical and electric synapses. In the chemical synapse zone, clear ovoid vesicles are revealed, while in the electrical synapse zone, a desmosome-l ...
... forms a long synapse (Fig. 3a, arrow). Most often, the synaptic membranes are curved as a zigzag line and form mixed-type junctions, including zones of chemical and electric synapses. In the chemical synapse zone, clear ovoid vesicles are revealed, while in the electrical synapse zone, a desmosome-l ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... anterior patterning defects similar to those described previously in embryos lacking Lim1 function (Lim1⌬ homozygotes; Shawlot and Behringer, 1995; Shawlot et al., 1999). The severity of the mutant phenotype was similar in Lim1⌬/Lim1tlz compound heterozygous embryos (data not shown), providing addit ...
... anterior patterning defects similar to those described previously in embryos lacking Lim1 function (Lim1⌬ homozygotes; Shawlot and Behringer, 1995; Shawlot et al., 1999). The severity of the mutant phenotype was similar in Lim1⌬/Lim1tlz compound heterozygous embryos (data not shown), providing addit ...
Hebbian modification of a hippocampal population
... 12·5 ìm wires. Extracellular signals were amplified and filtered using a multichannel amplifier (Grass Instrument Co.). For the ‘training’ protocol, the extracellular signal was filtered between 300 and 3000 Hz and fed to a spike discriminator. The output of the spike discriminator was then integrat ...
... 12·5 ìm wires. Extracellular signals were amplified and filtered using a multichannel amplifier (Grass Instrument Co.). For the ‘training’ protocol, the extracellular signal was filtered between 300 and 3000 Hz and fed to a spike discriminator. The output of the spike discriminator was then integrat ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
Spinal Cord - Larry Frolich
... Questions developed by Charisa Roy, University of Michigan Medical School Class of 2007 ...
... Questions developed by Charisa Roy, University of Michigan Medical School Class of 2007 ...
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
... Questions developed by Charisa Roy, University of Michigan Medical School Class of 2007 ...
... Questions developed by Charisa Roy, University of Michigan Medical School Class of 2007 ...
The Nervous System - Home
... The peripheral nervous system is divided into two major parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 1. Somatic Nervous System The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system AND motor nerve fibers that ...
... The peripheral nervous system is divided into two major parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 1. Somatic Nervous System The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system AND motor nerve fibers that ...
Melting the Iceberg
... visual responses is not constant but rather decreases with increasing contrast (Figure 1D). This effect becomes stronger at each stage of the visual system from retina to extrastriate cortex and is quite developed in area V1 (see Carandini [2004b] for a review). A consequence of contrast-gain contro ...
... visual responses is not constant but rather decreases with increasing contrast (Figure 1D). This effect becomes stronger at each stage of the visual system from retina to extrastriate cortex and is quite developed in area V1 (see Carandini [2004b] for a review). A consequence of contrast-gain contro ...
Document
... identified as small-sized (RS) or large-sized (RL) axon terminals, most of them were unclassified. These degenerating terminals also sometimes contained mitochondria and made asymmetrical synaptic contacts on small-diameter dendrites (Fig. 5A and B), or occasionally, on medium or large-diameter dendri ...
... identified as small-sized (RS) or large-sized (RL) axon terminals, most of them were unclassified. These degenerating terminals also sometimes contained mitochondria and made asymmetrical synaptic contacts on small-diameter dendrites (Fig. 5A and B), or occasionally, on medium or large-diameter dendri ...
FINE STRUCTURE OF NERVE FIBERS AND GROWTH CONES OF
... were rare; a few are shown in the figure. Neurofilaments were n o t visible. All three levels of this portion a p p e a r e d similar. Parts of area c (Fig. 4) were seen in four sections. This spread-out region resembled t h a t in a in t h a t in the most distal portion (c') a n d in the filopodia, ...
... were rare; a few are shown in the figure. Neurofilaments were n o t visible. All three levels of this portion a p p e a r e d similar. Parts of area c (Fig. 4) were seen in four sections. This spread-out region resembled t h a t in a in t h a t in the most distal portion (c') a n d in the filopodia, ...
AP2B Ch 14 ANS 2015
... • Preganglionic neurons in T1 – L2 (lateral horn) • Preganglionic fibers white rami communicantes sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia (chain ganglia) ...
... • Preganglionic neurons in T1 – L2 (lateral horn) • Preganglionic fibers white rami communicantes sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia (chain ganglia) ...
Spring 2011 MCB Transcript
... Light-activated molecules that act as switches for a cellular function provide researchers with precise spatial and temporal control of the process they are studying. The experiments can be designed for use noninvasively in vivo. Kramer and Isacoff, working with former Berkeley Chemist Dirk Trauner, ...
... Light-activated molecules that act as switches for a cellular function provide researchers with precise spatial and temporal control of the process they are studying. The experiments can be designed for use noninvasively in vivo. Kramer and Isacoff, working with former Berkeley Chemist Dirk Trauner, ...
Untitled
... mechanisms restrict the spatial extent of extrasynaptic GABAergic effects and it was proposed that concerted action of several presynaptic interneurons or sustained firing of individual cells or increased release site density is required to reach ambient GABA levels sufficient to activate extrasynap ...
... mechanisms restrict the spatial extent of extrasynaptic GABAergic effects and it was proposed that concerted action of several presynaptic interneurons or sustained firing of individual cells or increased release site density is required to reach ambient GABA levels sufficient to activate extrasynap ...
tractus corticomuscularis
... different physiological processes. That means that nervous system unites, integrates and subordinates all the parts of human body and provides its connection with environment ...
... different physiological processes. That means that nervous system unites, integrates and subordinates all the parts of human body and provides its connection with environment ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped movement that is produced as a direct result of a stimulus. He said that energy coming from an outside source would be reflected back through the nervous system to the muscles, which would contract (we of course have a different explanation for t ...
... He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped movement that is produced as a direct result of a stimulus. He said that energy coming from an outside source would be reflected back through the nervous system to the muscles, which would contract (we of course have a different explanation for t ...
Discrete Modeling of Multi-Transmitter Neural Networks with Neuron
... Medicine (1963). This model is a system of four differential equations containing a large number of parameters. One of its simplifications is the FitzHugh–Nagumo model (FitzHugh, 1969) (Nagumo, Arimoto, & Yoshizawa, 1962). The Morris–Lekar model (1981) is a combination of Hodgkin-Huxley and FitzHugh ...
... Medicine (1963). This model is a system of four differential equations containing a large number of parameters. One of its simplifications is the FitzHugh–Nagumo model (FitzHugh, 1969) (Nagumo, Arimoto, & Yoshizawa, 1962). The Morris–Lekar model (1981) is a combination of Hodgkin-Huxley and FitzHugh ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.