Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
Somatosensory System
... process that divides into two processes a short distance from the cell, in a T-shaped configuration. One of these two processes travels to the receptor organs of the periphery, giving off numerous collateral branches along the way, so that a single ganglion cell receives input from multiple receptor ...
... process that divides into two processes a short distance from the cell, in a T-shaped configuration. One of these two processes travels to the receptor organs of the periphery, giving off numerous collateral branches along the way, so that a single ganglion cell receives input from multiple receptor ...
The Nervous System
... 5. Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane 6. The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
... 5. Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane 6. The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
1 PYRAMIDS - CORTICOSPINAL FIBERS
... At the most caudal pole of the pyramids the corticospinal axons cross over the midline and now continue their descent on the contralateral (to the cell of origin) side. This crossover point is called the PYRAMIDAL DECUSSATION. The crossing fibers enter the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord where ...
... At the most caudal pole of the pyramids the corticospinal axons cross over the midline and now continue their descent on the contralateral (to the cell of origin) side. This crossover point is called the PYRAMIDAL DECUSSATION. The crossing fibers enter the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord where ...
hanPNAS11
... cotransfection of CAG-Tbr1, but not of empty CAG, repressed the activity of this element. *P < 0.02; **P < 0.005 by unpaired two-tailed t test. ns, not ...
... cotransfection of CAG-Tbr1, but not of empty CAG, repressed the activity of this element. *P < 0.02; **P < 0.005 by unpaired two-tailed t test. ns, not ...
MS WORD file
... monitor aspects in the range fractionation in movements and positions of the joint. A less complex proprioceptive system of monitoring joint movements and positions is the muscle receptor organs (MROs) in the abdomen of crayfish (Eckert, 1961a,b; McCarthy and MacMillan, 1995). The mechanoreceptors i ...
... monitor aspects in the range fractionation in movements and positions of the joint. A less complex proprioceptive system of monitoring joint movements and positions is the muscle receptor organs (MROs) in the abdomen of crayfish (Eckert, 1961a,b; McCarthy and MacMillan, 1995). The mechanoreceptors i ...
Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student
... are interoceptors and sense stimuli within the body instead of from the outside world. In the vertebrate system, it appears that many of the joint and tension receptors are not necessary to detect gross proprioceptive information. The annulospiral and flowerspray (sensory nerve endings) receptors on ...
... are interoceptors and sense stimuli within the body instead of from the outside world. In the vertebrate system, it appears that many of the joint and tension receptors are not necessary to detect gross proprioceptive information. The annulospiral and flowerspray (sensory nerve endings) receptors on ...
To maintain homeostasis, cells must work together in a co
... net inward flow of positively charged ions increases compared to the resting state, the membrane becomes depolarized (less negative inside). By contrast, if the net outward flow of positively charged ions increases compared to the resting state, the membrane becomes hyperpolarized (more negative ins ...
... net inward flow of positively charged ions increases compared to the resting state, the membrane becomes depolarized (less negative inside). By contrast, if the net outward flow of positively charged ions increases compared to the resting state, the membrane becomes hyperpolarized (more negative ins ...
Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Activity in
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
14-1 SENSATION FIGURE 14.1 1. The general senses provide
... sensory input and conducts it to the spinal cord. B. The secondary neuron cell body is in the posterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter. 1) There are interneurons between the primary and secondary neurons but they are not usually named. 2) The secondary neuron crosses to the opposite side of the ...
... sensory input and conducts it to the spinal cord. B. The secondary neuron cell body is in the posterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter. 1) There are interneurons between the primary and secondary neurons but they are not usually named. 2) The secondary neuron crosses to the opposite side of the ...
潓慭潴敳獮牯⁹祓瑳浥
... process that divides into two processes a short distance from the cell, in a T-shaped configuration. One of these two processes travels to the receptor organs of the periphery, giving off numerous collateral branches along the way, so that a single ganglion cell receives input from multiple receptor ...
... process that divides into two processes a short distance from the cell, in a T-shaped configuration. One of these two processes travels to the receptor organs of the periphery, giving off numerous collateral branches along the way, so that a single ganglion cell receives input from multiple receptor ...
Hsiang-Tung Chang
... In 1940, all the large towns of the east coast and a great part of China were occupied by the Japanese. Thousands and thousands of my people had been assassinated or died of cold and hunger. I was desperate and humiliated, all hopes gone. I decided to leave the academy and travel to Yunan. I met tre ...
... In 1940, all the large towns of the east coast and a great part of China were occupied by the Japanese. Thousands and thousands of my people had been assassinated or died of cold and hunger. I was desperate and humiliated, all hopes gone. I decided to leave the academy and travel to Yunan. I met tre ...
14-1 SENSATION 1. The general senses provide information about
... sensory input and conducts it to the spinal cord. B. The secondary neuron cell body is in the posterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter. 1) There are interneurons between the primary and secondary neurons but they are not usually named. 2) The secondary neuron crosses to the opposite side of the ...
... sensory input and conducts it to the spinal cord. B. The secondary neuron cell body is in the posterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter. 1) There are interneurons between the primary and secondary neurons but they are not usually named. 2) The secondary neuron crosses to the opposite side of the ...
Professor Rounds LSU NEUROLOGY
... Proximal or distal weakness Large-fiber sensory modalities are typically involved with or without small fiber dysfunction Occasionally, neuropathy is predominantly motor Not length-dependent Evolution may be rapid, mimicking Guillain-Barré Glove-stocking loss of all sensory modalities, d ...
... Proximal or distal weakness Large-fiber sensory modalities are typically involved with or without small fiber dysfunction Occasionally, neuropathy is predominantly motor Not length-dependent Evolution may be rapid, mimicking Guillain-Barré Glove-stocking loss of all sensory modalities, d ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Laird 1999; Mense and Schmidt 1974). As such, ischemic block of the forearm with a blood pressure cuff rapidly produces an ischemic block of Aδ fibers followed later by C-fiber blockade. As any graduate student in an upper level pain neurophysiology course will attest, the pain from ischemic block o ...
... Laird 1999; Mense and Schmidt 1974). As such, ischemic block of the forearm with a blood pressure cuff rapidly produces an ischemic block of Aδ fibers followed later by C-fiber blockade. As any graduate student in an upper level pain neurophysiology course will attest, the pain from ischemic block o ...
Paying attention to correlated neural activity
... are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odorant mixtures therefore requires both the identification of individual odorants (pattern separation) and per ...
... are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odorant mixtures therefore requires both the identification of individual odorants (pattern separation) and per ...
Nerve activates contraction
... There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae for a total of 31 pairs Spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord Spinal nerves are named for the region ...
... There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae for a total of 31 pairs Spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord Spinal nerves are named for the region ...
Table 14.2 - (www.ramsey.k12.nj.us).
... Some reflexes we are aware of (pulling away from hot pot) and others, usually visceral, we are not In addition to basic reflexes there are also learned or acquired reflexes (automatic actions of an experienced driver) Reflexes occur in highly specific neural paths called reflex arcs ...
... Some reflexes we are aware of (pulling away from hot pot) and others, usually visceral, we are not In addition to basic reflexes there are also learned or acquired reflexes (automatic actions of an experienced driver) Reflexes occur in highly specific neural paths called reflex arcs ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... shown that when endogenous activity in cells with high spontaneous activity is inhibited, dendritic mobility decreases. Endogenous neuronal activity appears to be necessary for normal postnatal maturation of RGC axons (Wong et al., 1991). In embryonic chicks and ferret kits, spontaneous retinal acti ...
... shown that when endogenous activity in cells with high spontaneous activity is inhibited, dendritic mobility decreases. Endogenous neuronal activity appears to be necessary for normal postnatal maturation of RGC axons (Wong et al., 1991). In embryonic chicks and ferret kits, spontaneous retinal acti ...
FREE Sample Here
... 14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold, a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. ...
... 14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold, a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. ...
Slide 1
... Nervous System • There are two divisions of the peripheral nervous system: – the somatic, or voluntary portion – the autonomic, or involuntary portion Somatic Nervous System: The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles ...
... Nervous System • There are two divisions of the peripheral nervous system: – the somatic, or voluntary portion – the autonomic, or involuntary portion Somatic Nervous System: The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles ...
Watching synapses during sensory information
... In the mammalian brain, the cerebral cortex, located in the outer layer of cerebrum, contains specific areas being considered as higher terminals that receive and process sensory information, which are called sensory areas. Until now, while much attention has been paid to understanding how sensory i ...
... In the mammalian brain, the cerebral cortex, located in the outer layer of cerebrum, contains specific areas being considered as higher terminals that receive and process sensory information, which are called sensory areas. Until now, while much attention has been paid to understanding how sensory i ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.