Chapter 3
... 5. The neurotransmitters separate from the receptors. 6. The neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron (reuptake), diffuse away, or are inactivated by chemicals. 7. The postsynaptic cell may send negative feedback to slow the release of further neurotransmitters. ...
... 5. The neurotransmitters separate from the receptors. 6. The neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron (reuptake), diffuse away, or are inactivated by chemicals. 7. The postsynaptic cell may send negative feedback to slow the release of further neurotransmitters. ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... interpret, and respond to the world around them. They consist of specialized, electrically active cells connected together in networks. Essentially, all nervous systems develop by four main stages: the proliferation of progenitors in an epithelium, the specification of neurons and glia, the growth a ...
... interpret, and respond to the world around them. They consist of specialized, electrically active cells connected together in networks. Essentially, all nervous systems develop by four main stages: the proliferation of progenitors in an epithelium, the specification of neurons and glia, the growth a ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... encoding synaptic proteins are turned on, resulting in the formation, accumulation, and directional trafficking of vesicles carrying pre- and postsynaptic protein complexes. During this time, the specification of correct neuronal connections is determined, as axons and dendrites make contact and estab ...
... encoding synaptic proteins are turned on, resulting in the formation, accumulation, and directional trafficking of vesicles carrying pre- and postsynaptic protein complexes. During this time, the specification of correct neuronal connections is determined, as axons and dendrites make contact and estab ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
Spinal Cord - hersheybear.org
... B. cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons. C. Schwann cells and satellite cells. D. myelinated axons. E. nodes of Ranvier. ...
... B. cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons. C. Schwann cells and satellite cells. D. myelinated axons. E. nodes of Ranvier. ...
the physiology of a lepidopteran muscle receptor
... segments other than that stimulated. In contrast, Hughes (1957), who used amputation and transection of connectives in conjunction with cinematography on the same animal, had to postulate intersegmental connexions to explain his results. Wilson (1965) evoked this same stretch reflex using sinusoidal ...
... segments other than that stimulated. In contrast, Hughes (1957), who used amputation and transection of connectives in conjunction with cinematography on the same animal, had to postulate intersegmental connexions to explain his results. Wilson (1965) evoked this same stretch reflex using sinusoidal ...
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous
... and embedded in epon. Transverse sections (1.0 m thick) were cut with an ultramicrotome (Reichert, Vienna, Austria) using glass knives and were stained with toluidine blue. Morphologic examination of specimens used a JAVA-based image analysis program (Jandel Scientific) (11) obtained with a light m ...
... and embedded in epon. Transverse sections (1.0 m thick) were cut with an ultramicrotome (Reichert, Vienna, Austria) using glass knives and were stained with toluidine blue. Morphologic examination of specimens used a JAVA-based image analysis program (Jandel Scientific) (11) obtained with a light m ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... contribute to the ‘wave’-related hyperpolarization during cortically generated SW seizures is disfacilitation [62,63]. Indeed, during the EEG ‘wave’ component of SW seizures, cortical and TC neurons do not fire, thus creating conditions for disfacilitation. All these results indicate that the hyperp ...
... contribute to the ‘wave’-related hyperpolarization during cortically generated SW seizures is disfacilitation [62,63]. Indeed, during the EEG ‘wave’ component of SW seizures, cortical and TC neurons do not fire, thus creating conditions for disfacilitation. All these results indicate that the hyperp ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... in spinal cord neurons evoked by primary afferent stimulation are mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalian spinal neurons in vivo and in vitro (Ransom et al., 1977b; Watkins ...
... in spinal cord neurons evoked by primary afferent stimulation are mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalian spinal neurons in vivo and in vitro (Ransom et al., 1977b; Watkins ...
behavior?
... will discuss only the type of synapse in which the axon bulb of neuron the first neuron is in proximity to specialized receptor sites on the dendrites of a second neuron (● FIGURE 2.3). You will notice that the first neuron, called the presynaptic neuron, does not physically touch the second neuron, ...
... will discuss only the type of synapse in which the axon bulb of neuron the first neuron is in proximity to specialized receptor sites on the dendrites of a second neuron (● FIGURE 2.3). You will notice that the first neuron, called the presynaptic neuron, does not physically touch the second neuron, ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... placode region, their origin is from these neural crest cells which migrate to the olfactory mucosa to establish the OEC precursor population [16]. OECs first appear in the olfactory tract (embryonic day 10.5 [17] in mice) and they migrate with the extending axons to merge with the developing olfact ...
... placode region, their origin is from these neural crest cells which migrate to the olfactory mucosa to establish the OEC precursor population [16]. OECs first appear in the olfactory tract (embryonic day 10.5 [17] in mice) and they migrate with the extending axons to merge with the developing olfact ...
peripheral neuropathy
... The recording and measurement of the compound nerve and muscle action potential elicited in response to a single supramaximal electrical stimulus, to measure the terminal latency, amplitude and duration of the evoked potential, as well as the conduction velocity. Nerve conduction studies are helpful ...
... The recording and measurement of the compound nerve and muscle action potential elicited in response to a single supramaximal electrical stimulus, to measure the terminal latency, amplitude and duration of the evoked potential, as well as the conduction velocity. Nerve conduction studies are helpful ...
Az alvás és ébrenlét, gondolkodás, morális és emocionális
... Lesions of the posterior hypothalamic area may cause hypersomnolence or even coma. This area contains the tuberomammillary nucleus, housing hundreds of histaminergic neurons, which project widely to the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Histaminergic fibers destined for the cerebral cortex. ...
... Lesions of the posterior hypothalamic area may cause hypersomnolence or even coma. This area contains the tuberomammillary nucleus, housing hundreds of histaminergic neurons, which project widely to the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Histaminergic fibers destined for the cerebral cortex. ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... neurons were injected with Carboxyfluorescein and subjected to serotonin immunohistochemistry (Fig. 6). Two sets of experiments strongly suggested that all the neurons from the anterior cluster had the same physiological effect as well as the same morphology. First, in each of five different prepara ...
... neurons were injected with Carboxyfluorescein and subjected to serotonin immunohistochemistry (Fig. 6). Two sets of experiments strongly suggested that all the neurons from the anterior cluster had the same physiological effect as well as the same morphology. First, in each of five different prepara ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... freezing, co-cultures were washed in 0.1 M Tris-buffered saline (TBS) at pH 7.4, pretreated with 10% rabbit serum (Vector, S-5000; l h) in TBS and incubated in antiserum (1:4 in a mixture of 20% rabbit serum, 2% fetal calf serum (FCS; Sigma, A-7906 in TBS; 48 72 h at 4°C). After washing in TBS, co-c ...
... freezing, co-cultures were washed in 0.1 M Tris-buffered saline (TBS) at pH 7.4, pretreated with 10% rabbit serum (Vector, S-5000; l h) in TBS and incubated in antiserum (1:4 in a mixture of 20% rabbit serum, 2% fetal calf serum (FCS; Sigma, A-7906 in TBS; 48 72 h at 4°C). After washing in TBS, co-c ...
Directional terms describe the positions of human structures relative
... Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branching, which increases their surface area to receive signals from other neurons. They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to the neuron cell body. There is only one axon that projects from each cell body. It is usually elo ...
... Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branching, which increases their surface area to receive signals from other neurons. They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to the neuron cell body. There is only one axon that projects from each cell body. It is usually elo ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... DISCUSSION We have shown that early in barn owl development the optic tectum sends a projection toward the IC that has topographic features. At E32 and P16, at least part of this projection is constituted by neurons of the SGC. Although we have not been ...
... DISCUSSION We have shown that early in barn owl development the optic tectum sends a projection toward the IC that has topographic features. At E32 and P16, at least part of this projection is constituted by neurons of the SGC. Although we have not been ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... debilitated by the presence of the parasites? The tapeworm larvae are 100 mm long (Carreon et al. 2011), which is about the same size as the largest cell bodies in the shrimps’ nervous system, and orders of magnitude larger than axons and dendrites. Parasites in neural tissue can damage it in many ...
... debilitated by the presence of the parasites? The tapeworm larvae are 100 mm long (Carreon et al. 2011), which is about the same size as the largest cell bodies in the shrimps’ nervous system, and orders of magnitude larger than axons and dendrites. Parasites in neural tissue can damage it in many ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
PDF
... were allowed to survive for longer periods (details given in results). Animals were fixed and processed as described for electron microscopy. Sagittal sections (with respect to body axis, but transverse sections with respect to long axis of the optic nerve) 2-5 jum thick were mounted on glass slides ...
... were allowed to survive for longer periods (details given in results). Animals were fixed and processed as described for electron microscopy. Sagittal sections (with respect to body axis, but transverse sections with respect to long axis of the optic nerve) 2-5 jum thick were mounted on glass slides ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... •Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit a spinal nerve to a sympathetic ganglia via a “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in ...
... •Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit a spinal nerve to a sympathetic ganglia via a “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Fast axonal transport uses proteins as “motors” powered by ATP to move materials in both directions along microtubules in the axons. ...
... Fast axonal transport uses proteins as “motors” powered by ATP to move materials in both directions along microtubules in the axons. ...
PDF
... (C) compared with controls (A) and Ntn1trap/trap hypomorphs (B), with some axons projecting dorsally (arrow). (D-F) Neurofilament (NF) stains show grossly normal organization of the spinal cord in E11.5 null mutants. (G-J) Robo3 staining of open-book preparations of E11.5 spinal cords (G) show that ...
... (C) compared with controls (A) and Ntn1trap/trap hypomorphs (B), with some axons projecting dorsally (arrow). (D-F) Neurofilament (NF) stains show grossly normal organization of the spinal cord in E11.5 null mutants. (G-J) Robo3 staining of open-book preparations of E11.5 spinal cords (G) show that ...
Full version (PDF file)
... On the basis of their axon targeting, cortical interneurons can be divided into dendrite-targeting (with many subgroups), soma-targeting and axon-targeting interneurons. The CR+ neurons are mostly dendrite targeting, similarly as CB+ neurons, but unlike PV+ neurons which typically innervate soma or ...
... On the basis of their axon targeting, cortical interneurons can be divided into dendrite-targeting (with many subgroups), soma-targeting and axon-targeting interneurons. The CR+ neurons are mostly dendrite targeting, similarly as CB+ neurons, but unlike PV+ neurons which typically innervate soma or ...
Newsletter Jan 02 - Pediatric Feeding News
... only evaluating and treating the motor part of the swallow while neglecting the sensory portion. That is, we tend to overlook how important it is that the brain receive the appropriate information as to the properties of the bolus so that it may generate an appropriate motor response. If the brain d ...
... only evaluating and treating the motor part of the swallow while neglecting the sensory portion. That is, we tend to overlook how important it is that the brain receive the appropriate information as to the properties of the bolus so that it may generate an appropriate motor response. If the brain d ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.