nervous system - Doctor Jade Main
... • K+ & negatively charged proteins are high inside • inside of cell is negative with respect to outside • there are more positive charged ions outside & a slight excess of negatively charged ions inside ...
... • K+ & negatively charged proteins are high inside • inside of cell is negative with respect to outside • there are more positive charged ions outside & a slight excess of negatively charged ions inside ...
Communication between Neurons
... iii) Action of neurotransmitters on Post Synaptic membrane The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft until it binds with a specific receptor on the post-synaptic membrane. There are two types of receptors a) Ion channel linked receptors and b) G-Protein linked receptors. Once the neuro ...
... iii) Action of neurotransmitters on Post Synaptic membrane The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft until it binds with a specific receptor on the post-synaptic membrane. There are two types of receptors a) Ion channel linked receptors and b) G-Protein linked receptors. Once the neuro ...
Neurons are the cells that carry messages between parts of the body
... The cell remains at resting potential until a stimulus reaches the cell, either from another neuron or the environment. Channels in the membrane open to allow Na+ ions to enter the cell. The inside of the cell temporarily becomes more positive. This is called the action potential. Refer to fig. 35-7 ...
... The cell remains at resting potential until a stimulus reaches the cell, either from another neuron or the environment. Channels in the membrane open to allow Na+ ions to enter the cell. The inside of the cell temporarily becomes more positive. This is called the action potential. Refer to fig. 35-7 ...
Nervous Sys Learning targets
... 1. List the basic functions of the nervous system 2. draw a concept map to show the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions ...
... 1. List the basic functions of the nervous system 2. draw a concept map to show the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions ...
CH 12 shortened for test three nervous tissue A and P 2016
... facilitation = 1 neuron makes another more likely to fire presynaptic inhibition = 1 neuron makes another less likely to fire divergence = one stimulus causes AP in many neurons convergence = stimuli from many neurons affect one neuron recruitment = as stimulus↑ affects more neurons neural coding = ...
... facilitation = 1 neuron makes another more likely to fire presynaptic inhibition = 1 neuron makes another less likely to fire divergence = one stimulus causes AP in many neurons convergence = stimuli from many neurons affect one neuron recruitment = as stimulus↑ affects more neurons neural coding = ...
File
... • Chemicals in the body are ions (electrically charged) • Two important ions in the nervous system – sodium (Na) and potassium (K) ...
... • Chemicals in the body are ions (electrically charged) • Two important ions in the nervous system – sodium (Na) and potassium (K) ...
Exam 3B key
... proteins already present in the cell. Steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. Steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins to be exported from the cell, whereas peptide hormones affect the synthes ...
... proteins already present in the cell. Steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. Steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins to be exported from the cell, whereas peptide hormones affect the synthes ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
... of ions controlled by Na+/K+ pump that require ATP • Nerve impulse starts when the membrane of the nerve depolarizes due to some stimulus, chemical, temp. changes, mechanical, etc…. • Depolarization is caused by the influx of Na+ which causes the membrane to become more positive. This starts an acti ...
... of ions controlled by Na+/K+ pump that require ATP • Nerve impulse starts when the membrane of the nerve depolarizes due to some stimulus, chemical, temp. changes, mechanical, etc…. • Depolarization is caused by the influx of Na+ which causes the membrane to become more positive. This starts an acti ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Only the latter two stimuli can depolarize the membrane to its threshold potential, which for most neurons is between -30 and -50 mv, or about 15 mV above membrane's resting potential. Threshold must be reached before an AP can be fired! Molecular Events Underlying the Action Potential: The membrane ...
... Only the latter two stimuli can depolarize the membrane to its threshold potential, which for most neurons is between -30 and -50 mv, or about 15 mV above membrane's resting potential. Threshold must be reached before an AP can be fired! Molecular Events Underlying the Action Potential: The membrane ...
CHAPTER 4 How do neurons transmit information?
... Current: Flow of electrons from an area of higher charge (more electrons = negative pole) to an area of lower charge (fewer electrons = positive pole) Electrical potential: difference in electrical charge between negative and positive poles (measured in Volts) ...
... Current: Flow of electrons from an area of higher charge (more electrons = negative pole) to an area of lower charge (fewer electrons = positive pole) Electrical potential: difference in electrical charge between negative and positive poles (measured in Volts) ...
BIO 1: CHAPTER 4 – CELLS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT Passive
... a. Transport/carrier proteins- move amino acids, sugars, or other large into or out of cell b. Ion channel– a transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass c. Pores – proteins that allow small polar molecules, like water, to cross the membrane ...
... a. Transport/carrier proteins- move amino acids, sugars, or other large into or out of cell b. Ion channel– a transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass c. Pores – proteins that allow small polar molecules, like water, to cross the membrane ...
Chapter - Heartland Community College
... most tissues (bone, skin, etc.) and most will grow back together. However, in a cut through an appendage nerve, it is currently very difficult to reconnect what are primarily severed _______. 14. Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential? A. It can be produced by an el ...
... most tissues (bone, skin, etc.) and most will grow back together. However, in a cut through an appendage nerve, it is currently very difficult to reconnect what are primarily severed _______. 14. Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential? A. It can be produced by an el ...
Homeostasis Student
... space Molecules move down their concentration gradient Molecules will do this without energy ...
... space Molecules move down their concentration gradient Molecules will do this without energy ...
AP Biology Animal Form and Function
... that bring impulses to the cell The axon-long extensions that leave from a neuron and carry impulses to the target cell. ...
... that bring impulses to the cell The axon-long extensions that leave from a neuron and carry impulses to the target cell. ...
Slide 1
... Now, there is more of a positive charge inside than outside (the Na stops coming in for the same reasons the K did originally, a balance of two forces) this represents the peak of the AP ...
... Now, there is more of a positive charge inside than outside (the Na stops coming in for the same reasons the K did originally, a balance of two forces) this represents the peak of the AP ...
Ch. 10 Outline
... D. This pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. Resting Potential A. Resting Membrane Potential (RMP): 1. 70 mV difference from inside to outside of cell 2. It is a polarized membrane 3. Inside of cell is negative relative to the outside of the cell 4. ...
... D. This pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. Resting Potential A. Resting Membrane Potential (RMP): 1. 70 mV difference from inside to outside of cell 2. It is a polarized membrane 3. Inside of cell is negative relative to the outside of the cell 4. ...
Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... 1. Ions flow along their chemical gradient when they move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration 2. Ions flow along their electrical gradient when they move toward an area of opposite charge 3. Electrochemical gradient a. the electrical and chemical gradients taken togeth ...
... 1. Ions flow along their chemical gradient when they move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration 2. Ions flow along their electrical gradient when they move toward an area of opposite charge 3. Electrochemical gradient a. the electrical and chemical gradients taken togeth ...
Chapter 34
... transduced to the form of chemical signal that can diffuse across the cleft and activate or inhibit target cell Chemical synapse: functional bridge between a neuron and some other cell Synapse means to fasten together ...
... transduced to the form of chemical signal that can diffuse across the cleft and activate or inhibit target cell Chemical synapse: functional bridge between a neuron and some other cell Synapse means to fasten together ...
Your Name Here______________________________
... a. astrocytes b. oligodendrocytes c. ependyma d. microglia e. Schwann cells 12. Sodium ions remain _______ in concentration outside neurons, and potassium ions remain _______ in concentration inside neurons due to the operation of _______. a. high; high; sodium-potassium pump b. high; low; sodium-po ...
... a. astrocytes b. oligodendrocytes c. ependyma d. microglia e. Schwann cells 12. Sodium ions remain _______ in concentration outside neurons, and potassium ions remain _______ in concentration inside neurons due to the operation of _______. a. high; high; sodium-potassium pump b. high; low; sodium-po ...
nervous system
... cause complete depolarization. __________ stimuli do not cause depolarization. • “_________________________ principle” - neuron depolarizes to its maximum ...
... cause complete depolarization. __________ stimuli do not cause depolarization. • “_________________________ principle” - neuron depolarizes to its maximum ...
1. If a significant amount of Cl - entered the body of a motor neuron
... a. Positively charged ions are known as anions b. The flow of ions into a cell is an example of an electrical current. c. The plasma membrane is a source of electrical resistance d. A separation of negative and positive charges is a source of potential energy. e. A typical neuron has a membrane pote ...
... a. Positively charged ions are known as anions b. The flow of ions into a cell is an example of an electrical current. c. The plasma membrane is a source of electrical resistance d. A separation of negative and positive charges is a source of potential energy. e. A typical neuron has a membrane pote ...
Nerve Notes
... 2. If it reaches a threshold, will cause more channels to open. 3. Inside becomes +, outside C. Repolarization – return to resting potential D. AP opens another set of channels which continues to pass on the ...
... 2. If it reaches a threshold, will cause more channels to open. 3. Inside becomes +, outside C. Repolarization – return to resting potential D. AP opens another set of channels which continues to pass on the ...
6.5 Nervous system part1
... – Positive Ion examples: Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+) ...
... – Positive Ion examples: Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+) ...
Biology 12 Nervous System Major Divisions of Nervous System 1
... than on the inside and also a higher concentration of Potassium ions on the inside than on the outside. • In the centre of the neuron are large negatively charged units which are responsible for the net negative potential in the resting state. These units do not move even when an impulse is travelin ...
... than on the inside and also a higher concentration of Potassium ions on the inside than on the outside. • In the centre of the neuron are large negatively charged units which are responsible for the net negative potential in the resting state. These units do not move even when an impulse is travelin ...
Simplified view of how a neuron sends a signal
... The plasma membrane of the neuron is polarizable, which means that an electrochemical gradient can be created across it. We studied concentration gradients earlier in connection with membranes. An electrochemical gradient is one that has a charge component as well as a concentration component. If th ...
... The plasma membrane of the neuron is polarizable, which means that an electrochemical gradient can be created across it. We studied concentration gradients earlier in connection with membranes. An electrochemical gradient is one that has a charge component as well as a concentration component. If th ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).