Action Potentials
... • EPSP and IPSP travel to the base of the axon hillock where they are summed • Two EPSPs in rapid succession at one synapse are additive • Same for IPSPs ...
... • EPSP and IPSP travel to the base of the axon hillock where they are summed • Two EPSPs in rapid succession at one synapse are additive • Same for IPSPs ...
Nervous System
... • Action potential triggers an influx of calcium • Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane • Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors and open ion channels on postsynaptic membrane which sets off new action potential • Neurotransmitters are degrade ...
... • Action potential triggers an influx of calcium • Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane • Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors and open ion channels on postsynaptic membrane which sets off new action potential • Neurotransmitters are degrade ...
PROTEINS AND MEMBRANES
... faulty versions of the gene and suffer crippling pain because their sodium channels open too easily or can't close. In the third disorder, which leaves patients unable to feel pain at all, SCN9A produces a protein that can't function. "We wondered if more common, apparently harmless [changes] in the ...
... faulty versions of the gene and suffer crippling pain because their sodium channels open too easily or can't close. In the third disorder, which leaves patients unable to feel pain at all, SCN9A produces a protein that can't function. "We wondered if more common, apparently harmless [changes] in the ...
Chapter 33
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
Lecture_30_2014
... • Excitatory synapses cause the post-synaptic cell to become less negative triggering an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) – Increases the likelihood of firing an action potential ...
... • Excitatory synapses cause the post-synaptic cell to become less negative triggering an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) – Increases the likelihood of firing an action potential ...
Nervous System Notes
... • Like most cells of the body, excitable cells have a Membrane Potential – an electrical voltage difference across the membrane • That difference can change suddenly, causing graded and action potentials (nerve impulses) • Current – the flow of charge ...
... • Like most cells of the body, excitable cells have a Membrane Potential – an electrical voltage difference across the membrane • That difference can change suddenly, causing graded and action potentials (nerve impulses) • Current – the flow of charge ...
Neurology, Neurons, and EEG
... Neurology is a study of the nervous system. The nervous system is categorized into two physical parts: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is most easily described by what it is not…it is everything BUT the spinal cord and brain. The central ne ...
... Neurology is a study of the nervous system. The nervous system is categorized into two physical parts: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is most easily described by what it is not…it is everything BUT the spinal cord and brain. The central ne ...
Neurons and Functional Neuroanatomy
... length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
... length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
Overview Functions of the Nervous System
... • travel across the synapse to the postsynaptic cells, where they are converted back into electrical signals • Axon terminal: contains many tiny, membrane-bounded sacs (synaptic vesicles) containing thousands of neurotransmitter molecules • Neurotransmitter receptor region on the membrane of a dendr ...
... • travel across the synapse to the postsynaptic cells, where they are converted back into electrical signals • Axon terminal: contains many tiny, membrane-bounded sacs (synaptic vesicles) containing thousands of neurotransmitter molecules • Neurotransmitter receptor region on the membrane of a dendr ...
The Neuron - Austin Community College
... • Cell membranes are electrically polarized (negative inside/positive outside) • Opposite charges attract each other and the force of that attraction can be used to do work • A membrane potential is a form of potential energy • Potentials in cells are measured in millivolts (mV), typical resting mem ...
... • Cell membranes are electrically polarized (negative inside/positive outside) • Opposite charges attract each other and the force of that attraction can be used to do work • A membrane potential is a form of potential energy • Potentials in cells are measured in millivolts (mV), typical resting mem ...
List of vocabulary used in understanding the nervous
... Feedback loops are the means through which the nervous system uses the endocrine system to regulate body conditions. The presence or absence of hormones in blood brought to the brain by the circulatory system will trigger an attempt to regulate conditions in the body. A relevant feedback loops invol ...
... Feedback loops are the means through which the nervous system uses the endocrine system to regulate body conditions. The presence or absence of hormones in blood brought to the brain by the circulatory system will trigger an attempt to regulate conditions in the body. A relevant feedback loops invol ...
Nervous System Function
... dendrites + one axon; found in CNS and motor neurons Bipolar = one dendrite and one axon; found in eye and nose ...
... dendrites + one axon; found in CNS and motor neurons Bipolar = one dendrite and one axon; found in eye and nose ...
Chapter 28: The Nervous System
... The cytoplasm in the membrane is negative, and the fluid outside the membrane is positive. Opposite charges attract and move towards each other and the membrane stores energy by holding charges apart. The voltage across the membrane in a resting neuron is resting potential, which is about -70 milliv ...
... The cytoplasm in the membrane is negative, and the fluid outside the membrane is positive. Opposite charges attract and move towards each other and the membrane stores energy by holding charges apart. The voltage across the membrane in a resting neuron is resting potential, which is about -70 milliv ...
Biology 3201
... abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 K+ ions in for 3 Na+ ions sent out. This further creates a charge difference!! ...
... abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 K+ ions in for 3 Na+ ions sent out. This further creates a charge difference!! ...
Central Nervous System
... • The inside of the cell is negatively charged, compared with the outside of the cell – Due mainly to the tendency of positively charged K+ to diffuse out of the cell – Opposed by the negative charge that develops inside the plasma membrane ...
... • The inside of the cell is negatively charged, compared with the outside of the cell – Due mainly to the tendency of positively charged K+ to diffuse out of the cell – Opposed by the negative charge that develops inside the plasma membrane ...
CS 256: Neural Computation Lecture Notes
... – ionic pumps (e.g., the Na+ –K+ pump) maintain different ion concentrations inside the cell (measured in millimoles per liter), ...
... – ionic pumps (e.g., the Na+ –K+ pump) maintain different ion concentrations inside the cell (measured in millimoles per liter), ...
What is the cause of the changes in membrane potential during an
... B. The potential would be shifted to the right in time C. The potential would be flipped in polarity D. The potential would be conducted more rapidly down the nerve ...
... B. The potential would be shifted to the right in time C. The potential would be flipped in polarity D. The potential would be conducted more rapidly down the nerve ...
Recording Action Potentials from Cockroach Mechanoreceptors
... Action potentials can be recorded with both intracellular and extracellular electrodes. With intracellular electrodes the tiny tip of a micropipette pierces the plasma membrane, allowing the actual electrical potential difference across the membrane to be recorded. At rest, a steady membrane potenti ...
... Action potentials can be recorded with both intracellular and extracellular electrodes. With intracellular electrodes the tiny tip of a micropipette pierces the plasma membrane, allowing the actual electrical potential difference across the membrane to be recorded. At rest, a steady membrane potenti ...
Biology Notes: The Nervous System and Neurons
... - Detect sense: ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Interneuron - Located in the _______________. Receive signals from the _______________ neurons. 3. Motor - Pass messages to ______________________________ - Ex: _________________________________________ ...
... - Detect sense: ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Interneuron - Located in the _______________. Receive signals from the _______________ neurons. 3. Motor - Pass messages to ______________________________ - Ex: _________________________________________ ...
Sensory function
... • White matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons. • The whitish color of myelin gives white matter its name. • The gray matter of the nervous system contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia. • It appears grayish, rather than white, because t ...
... • White matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons. • The whitish color of myelin gives white matter its name. • The gray matter of the nervous system contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia. • It appears grayish, rather than white, because t ...
Ch11AB
... Graded potentials are _________________, ____________________ changes in the membrane potential. Graded potentials can be __________________or _______________________. The ___________________ of a graded potential varies directly (is graded) with stimulus strength. (Slide 10) The ___________________ ...
... Graded potentials are _________________, ____________________ changes in the membrane potential. Graded potentials can be __________________or _______________________. The ___________________ of a graded potential varies directly (is graded) with stimulus strength. (Slide 10) The ___________________ ...
Bio 3411 Problem Set 9 Name: (Due Monday, November 28th 2011
... 3. a. The reversal potential for an acetylcholine-gated channel is +20mV. Assume that it is only permeable to Na+ and K+. Given that EK is -100mV and ENa is +100mV, which ion does the channel have a greater conductance for? (.5) ...
... 3. a. The reversal potential for an acetylcholine-gated channel is +20mV. Assume that it is only permeable to Na+ and K+. Given that EK is -100mV and ENa is +100mV, which ion does the channel have a greater conductance for? (.5) ...
Nervous System: Nervous Tissue (Chapter 12) Lecture Materials for
... out) and negative charge inside (proteins)! ...
... out) and negative charge inside (proteins)! ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).