Understanding the Transmission of Nerve Impulses
... called ions. The important ions in the nervous system are sodium and potassium (both have 1 positive charge, +), calcium (has 2 positive charges, ++) and chloride (has a negative charge, ‐). There are also some negatively charged protein molecules. It is also importan ...
... called ions. The important ions in the nervous system are sodium and potassium (both have 1 positive charge, +), calcium (has 2 positive charges, ++) and chloride (has a negative charge, ‐). There are also some negatively charged protein molecules. It is also importan ...
The Nervous System
... in the sodium, the other gates are triggered to open in a chain, adding more sodium and triggering the next in line. ...
... in the sodium, the other gates are triggered to open in a chain, adding more sodium and triggering the next in line. ...
The Action Potential
... a critical point, the membrane then generates an action potential. The critical point of depolarization that must be overcome in order to fire an action potential is called threshold.The action potentials are caused by depolarization of the membrane above the threshold. In the repolarization phase, ...
... a critical point, the membrane then generates an action potential. The critical point of depolarization that must be overcome in order to fire an action potential is called threshold.The action potentials are caused by depolarization of the membrane above the threshold. In the repolarization phase, ...
neurology1ned2013 31.5 KB - d
... A neuron is the fundamental cell type that mediates input and output of stimulus information. A stimulus is an electric potential or difference in ion concentration across a membrane due to a change in environment. (like a charged battery). A potential is a change in charge (chemical or physical) th ...
... A neuron is the fundamental cell type that mediates input and output of stimulus information. A stimulus is an electric potential or difference in ion concentration across a membrane due to a change in environment. (like a charged battery). A potential is a change in charge (chemical or physical) th ...
13. What determines the magnitude of the graded potential? (p. 240)
... Neurons are responsible for producing and transmitting electrical and chemical signals to cells throughout the body, whereas glial cells are the support cells for the system. We will focus our attention on neurons, which have three basic parts: the cell body, the axon, and the dendrites. As you have ...
... Neurons are responsible for producing and transmitting electrical and chemical signals to cells throughout the body, whereas glial cells are the support cells for the system. We will focus our attention on neurons, which have three basic parts: the cell body, the axon, and the dendrites. As you have ...
9.3 Synaptic Transmission
... This is indirectly done by an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter, clearing it from the synapse and thereby shuts the sodium gates. ...
... This is indirectly done by an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter, clearing it from the synapse and thereby shuts the sodium gates. ...
Homeostasis and Transport PowerPoint
... Active Transport is usually against the concentration gradient. Materials move from low to high concentration. ...
... Active Transport is usually against the concentration gradient. Materials move from low to high concentration. ...
Bad Fish
... paralysis after eating the pufferfish meal? A. TXX causes motor neurons to fire continuously, overloading the brain with signals, resulting in paralysis. B. TXX causes motor neurons to stop firing, preventing communication with the muscles, resulting in paralysis. C. TXX causes sensory neurons to st ...
... paralysis after eating the pufferfish meal? A. TXX causes motor neurons to fire continuously, overloading the brain with signals, resulting in paralysis. B. TXX causes motor neurons to stop firing, preventing communication with the muscles, resulting in paralysis. C. TXX causes sensory neurons to st ...
The Nervous System
... – Action potentials jump from node to node, thereby speeding the propagation of the impulse. ...
... – Action potentials jump from node to node, thereby speeding the propagation of the impulse. ...
O`Kane
... A. when voltage-gated K+ channels are open. B. when voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated. C. when transmembrane potential becomes less positive (more negative). D. All of the above are correct. E. A and B are correct only. 19. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced when fluid from the bloodstream tra ...
... A. when voltage-gated K+ channels are open. B. when voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated. C. when transmembrane potential becomes less positive (more negative). D. All of the above are correct. E. A and B are correct only. 19. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced when fluid from the bloodstream tra ...
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE (1 point each)
... 9. Ganglion cells in the retina are the only kind of sensory neurons in the body that have oncenter/off-surround receptive fields. 10. Olfactory sensor cells that bind to odorants synapse directly onto the brain. 11. If an individual ate a spoonful of sugar, only one specific region of the tongue wo ...
... 9. Ganglion cells in the retina are the only kind of sensory neurons in the body that have oncenter/off-surround receptive fields. 10. Olfactory sensor cells that bind to odorants synapse directly onto the brain. 11. If an individual ate a spoonful of sugar, only one specific region of the tongue wo ...
test - Scioly.org
... 26. Anerve fiber obeys an all or none law insofar as it either fires or does not fire depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold. a. True b. False 27. As the action potential swings down, a. Potassium ions move out of the axon b. Potassium ions move into the axon c. Sodium ions move into ...
... 26. Anerve fiber obeys an all or none law insofar as it either fires or does not fire depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold. a. True b. False 27. As the action potential swings down, a. Potassium ions move out of the axon b. Potassium ions move into the axon c. Sodium ions move into ...
So it is the number of action potentials per second
... 4. Eventually potassium would be entering the neuron at the same rate it is leaving. 5. Sodium is also moving across the membrane. There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside so sodium moves into the cell. 6. This also would eventually end up at equilibrium such that the concentrati ...
... 4. Eventually potassium would be entering the neuron at the same rate it is leaving. 5. Sodium is also moving across the membrane. There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside so sodium moves into the cell. 6. This also would eventually end up at equilibrium such that the concentrati ...
Nervous Tissue
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
Exam #2 Review Answers - Iowa State University
... d. Decreased diameter Myelin sheath 9. The resting membrane potential is preserved by what mechanism? a. The passive leakage of K+ and Na+ through ion channels b. Active transport of Na+ out of and K+ into the cell
... d. Decreased diameter Myelin sheath 9. The resting membrane potential is preserved by what mechanism? a. The passive leakage of K+ and Na+ through ion channels b. Active transport of Na+ out of and K+ into the cell
Neural Communication
... Now that we've considered the structure of the cells of the nervous system it is important to address their principal function, communication. As I have said, at the neuronal level this communication entails the sending of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters from one neuron to another. As ...
... Now that we've considered the structure of the cells of the nervous system it is important to address their principal function, communication. As I have said, at the neuronal level this communication entails the sending of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters from one neuron to another. As ...
Chapter 12 - Membrane Transport . PPT - A
... How it Works • Glucose is high outside the cell so the conformation is open to take in glucose and move it to the cytosol where the concentration is low • When glucose levels are low in the blood, glucagon (hormone) triggers the breakdown of glycogen (e.g., from the liver), glucose levels are high ...
... How it Works • Glucose is high outside the cell so the conformation is open to take in glucose and move it to the cytosol where the concentration is low • When glucose levels are low in the blood, glucagon (hormone) triggers the breakdown of glycogen (e.g., from the liver), glucose levels are high ...
The resting membrane potential - Lectures For UG-5
... • The graded responses produced throughout the dendrites or cell body is summed spatially and temporally, and if the summed response is large enough to pass the threshold by the time it reaches axon hillock, an action potential will be generated at axon hillock. • The axon hillock has the lowest thr ...
... • The graded responses produced throughout the dendrites or cell body is summed spatially and temporally, and if the summed response is large enough to pass the threshold by the time it reaches axon hillock, an action potential will be generated at axon hillock. • The axon hillock has the lowest thr ...
Document
... exposed to the “downhill” side of the concentration gradient. Binding an unbound molecules occurs more readily on the ...
... exposed to the “downhill” side of the concentration gradient. Binding an unbound molecules occurs more readily on the ...
Study Guide for Chapter 7 - Neuron Function Be familiar with the
... nervous system (CNS), chemically-gated (ligand-gated) channel, dendrite, depolarization, efferent, electrochemical gradient, ependymal cell, equilibrium potential, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), gated channel, glial cell, graded potential, hyperpolarization, inhibitory postsynaptic potent ...
... nervous system (CNS), chemically-gated (ligand-gated) channel, dendrite, depolarization, efferent, electrochemical gradient, ependymal cell, equilibrium potential, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), gated channel, glial cell, graded potential, hyperpolarization, inhibitory postsynaptic potent ...
Chapter 12 - FacultyWeb Support Center
... 1. A resting nerve cell is not being stimulated to send a nerve ____________. 2. At rest, a cell membrane gets a slight surplus of positive charges outside, and inside reflects a slight negative surplus of impermeable ...
... 1. A resting nerve cell is not being stimulated to send a nerve ____________. 2. At rest, a cell membrane gets a slight surplus of positive charges outside, and inside reflects a slight negative surplus of impermeable ...
Nervous System Ch 10 Notes - Reading Community Schools
... • If a neuron responds at all, it responds completely • A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon • All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength ...
... • If a neuron responds at all, it responds completely • A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon • All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... and negatively charged protein ions are distributed unevenly across the neuron’s membrane. • The ratio of negative to positive charges is greater inside the resting neuron than outside. ...
... and negatively charged protein ions are distributed unevenly across the neuron’s membrane. • The ratio of negative to positive charges is greater inside the resting neuron than outside. ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).