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... detects electrical currents which have been produced by impulses from the SAN which spread through the ventricle both nervous and hormonal control the rate of the SAN through the antagonistic action of the autonomic nervous ...
HHFT Presentation
HHFT Presentation

... Side Effects of the Statins [Ebru Akgül Ercan] ...
Atrial fibrillation associated with high voltage electric shock in a
Atrial fibrillation associated with high voltage electric shock in a

... A case report from Langford A reported an electrocution induced atrial fibrillation after 11kV electrical shock. The case was treated initially by injection flecainide that failed to revert into sinus rhythm. Thereafter infusion amiodarone was given that showed successful reversal of atrial fibrilla ...
CARDIOLOGY PATIENT PAGE Atrial Fibrillation
CARDIOLOGY PATIENT PAGE Atrial Fibrillation

... irregular. The switching back and forth between regular and irregular rhythms is what causes palpitations in many patients. When AF is persistent or permanent, patients more often suffer non-specific symptoms like poor effort tolerance, breathlessness on exertion, and lack of energy. Stroke The quiv ...
Clinical Practice Guideline for Anticoagulation
Clinical Practice Guideline for Anticoagulation

... Other Factor xa inhibitor anticoagulant agents (i.e., Pradaxa®/Xarelto®) for use in place of coumadin must meet strict prior authorization guidelines. Patients with any high-risk factor or more than one moderate-risk factor should be prescribed an anticoagulant. High risk factors include prior strok ...
English
English

... Occasionally, symptoms are due to a heart rate that is too slow. Potential symptoms associated with AF are listed in the Table. ...
Unlocking The Key To Arrhythmias
Unlocking The Key To Arrhythmias

... ♦ May be contraindication for stress test ...
Understanding atrial fibrillation: A historical perspective
Understanding atrial fibrillation: A historical perspective

... Nile” [1]. However, in 1883 the tall, indefatigable Scotsman and general practitioner Sir James Mackenzie was determined to unravel the mystery [1]. After the unexpected death during childbirth of one of his patients due to a rhythm disorder and congestive heart failure he could not help but ask him ...
Primary FRCA MCQ/SBA Revision Day 23rd
Primary FRCA MCQ/SBA Revision Day 23rd

... b) is elevated in tricuspid stenosis c) is elevated in atrial fibrillation d) is elevated in tricuspid regurgitation e) when enlarged are known as cannon a waves 17) In Cardiac ventricular muscle a) cells exhibit automaticity b) the cell membranes are largely impermeable to negatively charged ions c ...
A6 Chronic AA
A6 Chronic AA

... • HR > 100 bpm • P waves are closer to the QRS interval which shows origination other than the SA node • Atrial fibrillation – also classified as: • rapid ventricular rate (rvr) – HR > 100 • Controlled ventricular rate (cvr) – HR 60-100 • slow ventricular rate (svr) – HR < 60 ★ This would be conside ...
Adult Medical –Surgical Nursing 1
Adult Medical –Surgical Nursing 1

... Pathophysiology (Tachycardia)  If tachycardia presents:  Inadequate repolarisation and insufficient filling ...
Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Aultman Cardiology Fellowship
Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Aultman Cardiology Fellowship

... • May have history of symptoms since childhood or have a positive FHx ...
Presentation
Presentation

... Sinus Bradycardia - Occurs when you have a regular rhythm and normal waveforms, but the rate is slower than 60 bpm. ...
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram

... - Fires an electrical impulse (influencd by hormonal & neurological factors) through the atria - Contraction of the Atria occurs - blood forced into the vetricles - The normal heart rate rhythm is called normal sinus rhythm because a collection of heart cells called the sinus node (SA) controls the ...
Atrial Septal Defect
Atrial Septal Defect

... The atria are the upper chambers of the heart. The septum is a wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart. An atrial septal defect means there is a hole in the septum (wall). When this occurs, there is an abnormal communication between the left and the right sides of the heart. This t ...
Cardiac Arrhythmia Center - New York Hospital Queens
Cardiac Arrhythmia Center - New York Hospital Queens

... committed to ensuring that the diagnostic and treatment options physicians prefer are available for their patients right here. In the Cardiac Arrhythmia Center’s Electrophysiology Laboratory, you will find the techniques and the technology to treat all types of rhythm disorders, from ventricular tac ...
I. Atrial tachy
I. Atrial tachy

... which emits abnormal impulses at odd time during cardiac rhythm. Possible causes of ectopic foci are: Local area of ischemia Small calcified plaques at different points in the heart, which press against the adjacent cardiac muscle so some fibers are irritated Toxic irritation of the AV node, Purk ...
Cardiac Arrythmias
Cardiac Arrythmias

... • Counsel to avoid triggers, caffeine, Etoh, pseudoephedrine, stress ...
Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of irregular
Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of irregular

... potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. The device is generally used in people who have already experienced a significant ventricular arrhythmia or who are found during an electrophysiology (EP) study to have a significant risk of developing one. Also, recent studies have identified "at ...
SVT
SVT

... abrupt onset and ending (paroxysmal) • SVT is usually due to a reentry mechanism. • Could also be to abnormal automaticity or triggered activity but would have more of a warm-up and cool-down effect. ...
Frog Heart Muscle
Frog Heart Muscle

... Amphibian Heart • 2 atria 1 ventricle • O2 and deO2 blood separated by conus arteriosis and timing of atrial contractions. • Pressure differences is systemic and pulmonary circuits can allow O2 and deO2 blood to mix via an intercardiac shunt. Helps stabilize O2 content in blood, ...
irregular pulse in a nine-year old girl
irregular pulse in a nine-year old girl

... Asymptomatic children with congenital heart block fall into Class II of the American Heart Association indications for pacemaker implantation and may not require pacemaker therapy. However, prospective studies have shown that those patients with a mean heart rate of less than 50 beats/m were likely ...
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation

... Often, the first idea that a pet has atrial fibrillation is when your veterinarian detects an erratic heart rhythm during auscultation with a stethoscope. Many veterinarians describe the sound as “bongo drums” or “shoes in a dryer.” Your pet’s pulse quality may also be irregular. However, to confirm ...
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CARDIOVERSION FOLLOWING
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CARDIOVERSION FOLLOWING

... The application of acupunctural therapy in the Neiguan spot (PC-6) is well known in the Western world for treatment of chest pain, sickness, and vomiting (6). The stimulation of the Neiguan spot (PC-6) has also been utilized to treat palpitations and sensation of fullness-tension in the chest (7). E ...
Multaq : EPAR - Summary for the public - EMA
Multaq : EPAR - Summary for the public - EMA

... A sixth study (PALLAS) compared Multaq with placebo in patients over 65 years of age with permanent atrial fibrillation and several risk factors. The study was stopped early because of severe cardiovascular events (such as cardiovascular death or hospitalisation and stroke) in some patients taking M ...
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Atrial fibrillation



Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.
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