see p. D20 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... irregularly at low rate. 2) increasing effort → fire more rapidly; at certain firing rate, additional units are recruited. 3) maximal effort → so many units are recruited that individual potentials cannot be distinguished – “complete interference pattern”. – normal recruitment pattern on maximal eff ...
... irregularly at low rate. 2) increasing effort → fire more rapidly; at certain firing rate, additional units are recruited. 3) maximal effort → so many units are recruited that individual potentials cannot be distinguished – “complete interference pattern”. – normal recruitment pattern on maximal eff ...
Skeletal System
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
chapter_1
... The neuron activity is an all-or-nothing process, ie., the activation of the neuron is binary. A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity o ...
... The neuron activity is an all-or-nothing process, ie., the activation of the neuron is binary. A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity o ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... So, many models focused on system of equations where the variables involved are these currents. They made correspondences between resting, excitable, and periodic spiking activity to a stable equilibrium or limit cycle, respectively, of a dynamic system. ...
... So, many models focused on system of equations where the variables involved are these currents. They made correspondences between resting, excitable, and periodic spiking activity to a stable equilibrium or limit cycle, respectively, of a dynamic system. ...
Nervous System Part 1
... Membrane Potential Active transport Na+/K+ pumps maintain the ion concentrations as seen in table 6-2. ...
... Membrane Potential Active transport Na+/K+ pumps maintain the ion concentrations as seen in table 6-2. ...
similar cortical mechanisms for perceptual and motor learning
... the interaction between sensory and motor systems, but have neuroscientists obtained any empirical evidence to support this idea? At one level, sensory and motor systems resemble each other closely: almost all brain areas have neurons with ‘activity fields’, also known as receptive fields, motor fie ...
... the interaction between sensory and motor systems, but have neuroscientists obtained any empirical evidence to support this idea? At one level, sensory and motor systems resemble each other closely: almost all brain areas have neurons with ‘activity fields’, also known as receptive fields, motor fie ...
A Point Process Model for Auditory Neurons Considering
... We formulate the log of the conditional intensity function in terms of a discrete-time Volterra series expansion of the neuron’s spiking history and the spectro-temporal decomposition of the auditory stimulus. The Volterra expansion contains a parameter representing the baseline spike rate, a set de ...
... We formulate the log of the conditional intensity function in terms of a discrete-time Volterra series expansion of the neuron’s spiking history and the spectro-temporal decomposition of the auditory stimulus. The Volterra expansion contains a parameter representing the baseline spike rate, a set de ...
Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortex Günther Palm, Andreas
... explore the possibility that it is neither single neurons nor abstract diffuse properties of the state of the brain which correspond to the relevant events of behaviour, but something in between, identifiable sets of neurons. These ‘cell assemblies’ have recently gained support from neurophysiology ...
... explore the possibility that it is neither single neurons nor abstract diffuse properties of the state of the brain which correspond to the relevant events of behaviour, but something in between, identifiable sets of neurons. These ‘cell assemblies’ have recently gained support from neurophysiology ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... visual scenes involves at least tw o crucial processing steps (Treisman, 1986, 1996). In a first step, specific features of objects such as, for instance, colour, m otion or the orientation of contours, are detected by the visual system in a local and parallel manner. Subsequently, these perceptual ...
... visual scenes involves at least tw o crucial processing steps (Treisman, 1986, 1996). In a first step, specific features of objects such as, for instance, colour, m otion or the orientation of contours, are detected by the visual system in a local and parallel manner. Subsequently, these perceptual ...
Neurophysiological foundations of sleep, arousal, awareness and
... The state of arousal of the cerebral cortex is affected by two main neuroanatomical areas: the ascending reticular system, which is in the pons, and the cognitive system, located in the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei. These two regions communicate via the diencephalon, where ascending signal ...
... The state of arousal of the cerebral cortex is affected by two main neuroanatomical areas: the ascending reticular system, which is in the pons, and the cognitive system, located in the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei. These two regions communicate via the diencephalon, where ascending signal ...
Huber et al. (2008), Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex
... activity of groups of neurons and perceptual and cognitive functions1–6. However, the number and identities of neurons microstimulated, as well as the number of action potentials evoked, are difficult to ascertain7,8. To address these issues we introduced the light-gated algal channel channelrhodops ...
... activity of groups of neurons and perceptual and cognitive functions1–6. However, the number and identities of neurons microstimulated, as well as the number of action potentials evoked, are difficult to ascertain7,8. To address these issues we introduced the light-gated algal channel channelrhodops ...
Dynamic computation in a recurrent network of heterogeneous
... that the interactions between spatio-temporal input patterns (e.g., visual scenes) and these pinned clusters can process information. For example, it has been shown that oriented stimuli are able to shift the clusters away from their preferred locations to produce orientation selective responses who ...
... that the interactions between spatio-temporal input patterns (e.g., visual scenes) and these pinned clusters can process information. For example, it has been shown that oriented stimuli are able to shift the clusters away from their preferred locations to produce orientation selective responses who ...
Suggested Readings for Biopsychology Domain
... Discussion: The picture of the neuron will help students visualize this microscopic cell and the function of each of its parts. Have students fill in the organizer as you discuss each neuron part and function. You may wish to use the handout as a transparency master. You can fill it in as you lectur ...
... Discussion: The picture of the neuron will help students visualize this microscopic cell and the function of each of its parts. Have students fill in the organizer as you discuss each neuron part and function. You may wish to use the handout as a transparency master. You can fill it in as you lectur ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... 3. Phase code for memory The phase code of memory will first be illustrated in a simple example using an abstract representation of oscillations. These modelled oscillations can represent a range of different physiological phenomena. They could represent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations ...
... 3. Phase code for memory The phase code of memory will first be illustrated in a simple example using an abstract representation of oscillations. These modelled oscillations can represent a range of different physiological phenomena. They could represent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations ...
PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... regulate glucose metabolism is critical because of glucose’s primacy as a metabolic substrate for neural function. Most neurons use glucose as an energy substrate, but glucosensing neurons also use glucose as a signaling molecule to regulate neuronal firing and transmitter release. There are two typ ...
... regulate glucose metabolism is critical because of glucose’s primacy as a metabolic substrate for neural function. Most neurons use glucose as an energy substrate, but glucosensing neurons also use glucose as a signaling molecule to regulate neuronal firing and transmitter release. There are two typ ...
Slide 1
... – Vary in response to the same stimulus depending on behavioral task (precision vs. power grip) ...
... – Vary in response to the same stimulus depending on behavioral task (precision vs. power grip) ...
Electrophysiological recordings from behaving animals—going
... extracellular signals. To that end, dual intracellular and extracellular recordings were performed [27]. Using the line source approximation method developed by Holt and Koch [28] the extracellular waveforms at different locations were calculated (Figure 1a) and compared to the recorded extracellu ...
... extracellular signals. To that end, dual intracellular and extracellular recordings were performed [27]. Using the line source approximation method developed by Holt and Koch [28] the extracellular waveforms at different locations were calculated (Figure 1a) and compared to the recorded extracellu ...
The Peripheral Nervous System Question No. 1 of 10 Question
... a dendritic process and an axon extending from the cell body, unipolar neurons which are large neurons that have a cell body lying to one side of the axonal-dendritic process, and multipolar neurons which many dendritic process off the cell body and also have a single axon extending from the cell bo ...
... a dendritic process and an axon extending from the cell body, unipolar neurons which are large neurons that have a cell body lying to one side of the axonal-dendritic process, and multipolar neurons which many dendritic process off the cell body and also have a single axon extending from the cell bo ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
nn1-02
... What are biological neuron networks? (see next lectures for more details) • UNITs: nerve cells called neurons, many different types and are extremely complex, around 1011 neurons in the brain ...
... What are biological neuron networks? (see next lectures for more details) • UNITs: nerve cells called neurons, many different types and are extremely complex, around 1011 neurons in the brain ...
Lecture 6 - Wiki Index
... receptor molecules in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron thus changing their shape. • This opens up holes that allow specific ions in or out. ...
... receptor molecules in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron thus changing their shape. • This opens up holes that allow specific ions in or out. ...
Evolution of the Nervous System
... Transmission across a synapse is carried out by neurotransmitters Sudden rise in calcium at end of one neuron Stimulates synaptic vesicles to merge with the presynaptic membrane Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft ...
... Transmission across a synapse is carried out by neurotransmitters Sudden rise in calcium at end of one neuron Stimulates synaptic vesicles to merge with the presynaptic membrane Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft ...
Sensory system evolution at the origin of craniates
... crest^ placodal sensory systems that are present in craniates. In contrast, in the normal phenotypes of bilaterally symmetrical animals, the reverse combination of elaborated migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems with an enlarged, elaborated brain but without large, paired, lateral eyes h ...
... crest^ placodal sensory systems that are present in craniates. In contrast, in the normal phenotypes of bilaterally symmetrical animals, the reverse combination of elaborated migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems with an enlarged, elaborated brain but without large, paired, lateral eyes h ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.