High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... Semantics is the essence of human communication. It concerns the manufacture and use of symbols as representations to exchange meanings. Information technology is faced with the problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal communication. The problem of designing such sem ...
... Semantics is the essence of human communication. It concerns the manufacture and use of symbols as representations to exchange meanings. Information technology is faced with the problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal communication. The problem of designing such sem ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... diversifying neuron types specialize on distinct functions (sensory, interneuron, motor) but maintain information exchange via cellular extensions that evolve into axonal connections. During evolution, more neuron types are intercalated into the circuit and take over different relay functions. Moreo ...
... diversifying neuron types specialize on distinct functions (sensory, interneuron, motor) but maintain information exchange via cellular extensions that evolve into axonal connections. During evolution, more neuron types are intercalated into the circuit and take over different relay functions. Moreo ...
Theory of Arachnid Prey Localization
... spike per neuron that is transported to a ring-shaped structure [13] in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), where the axons from the eight legs meet. We consider M active axons per BCSS and assume that each direction gk with 1 # k # 8 innervates an excitatory neuron, which we call a command neuron si ...
... spike per neuron that is transported to a ring-shaped structure [13] in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), where the axons from the eight legs meet. We consider M active axons per BCSS and assume that each direction gk with 1 # k # 8 innervates an excitatory neuron, which we call a command neuron si ...
EVOLUTIONARY AUTONOMOUS AGENTS: A NEUROSCIENCE
... interneurons. Finally, the synaptic connections formed in some of the evolved agents were, at least to some extent, similar to those observed in the real lamprey12. These results were obtained using fitness (optimization) functions that explicitly express the desired outcome. However, interesting bi ...
... interneurons. Finally, the synaptic connections formed in some of the evolved agents were, at least to some extent, similar to those observed in the real lamprey12. These results were obtained using fitness (optimization) functions that explicitly express the desired outcome. However, interesting bi ...
The 18th European Conference on Artificial - CEUR
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
Slides from Lecture 12/01/2004 (Andy Clark)
... • Requires combination of oral and nasal stimulation • Subjects have a hard time identifying flavor if nostrils are clamped shut • Strength of taste qualities also perturbed when nasal stimulation is limited ...
... • Requires combination of oral and nasal stimulation • Subjects have a hard time identifying flavor if nostrils are clamped shut • Strength of taste qualities also perturbed when nasal stimulation is limited ...
Pattern Recognition by Labeled Graph Matching
... "subnets." Also these subnets are structured as twodimensional lattices of points, similar to L m, although possibly smaller in extent. Each point in a subnet lattice is occupied by one neuron and thus by one feature type. In this way each subnet of L ~2) represents a particular pattern. Recognition ...
... "subnets." Also these subnets are structured as twodimensional lattices of points, similar to L m, although possibly smaller in extent. Each point in a subnet lattice is occupied by one neuron and thus by one feature type. In this way each subnet of L ~2) represents a particular pattern. Recognition ...
Two Kinds of Reverse Inference in Cognitive Neuroscience
... However, this article shows that it is crucial two distinguish between two different types of reverse inference. In the first kind, cognitive processes are inferred from the particular locations of neural activation observed in particular tasks. We examine these location-based inferences through a c ...
... However, this article shows that it is crucial two distinguish between two different types of reverse inference. In the first kind, cognitive processes are inferred from the particular locations of neural activation observed in particular tasks. We examine these location-based inferences through a c ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... be difficult to know where the emitter should be placed given the location of the recorded neuron (in the retrograde approach the emitter should be placed where the neuron/electrode is; Figure 1G). Instead it might be advantageous if the emitter is very large such that many axons are stimulated. Not ...
... be difficult to know where the emitter should be placed given the location of the recorded neuron (in the retrograde approach the emitter should be placed where the neuron/electrode is; Figure 1G). Instead it might be advantageous if the emitter is very large such that many axons are stimulated. Not ...
The hidden side of the UPR signalling pathway - Reflexions
... malformation. During scans, particular attention is paid to the nervous system and especially the brain, which are regularly measured and checked. The highly complex development of the nervous system is well understood overall but there are still many grey areas regarding the mechanisms that govern ...
... malformation. During scans, particular attention is paid to the nervous system and especially the brain, which are regularly measured and checked. The highly complex development of the nervous system is well understood overall but there are still many grey areas regarding the mechanisms that govern ...
PPT
... How do NNs and ANNs work? • The “building blocks” of neural networks are the neurons. • In technical systems, we also refer to them as units or nodes. • Basically, each neuron – receives input from many other neurons, – changes its internal state (activation) based on the current input, – sends one ...
... How do NNs and ANNs work? • The “building blocks” of neural networks are the neurons. • In technical systems, we also refer to them as units or nodes. • Basically, each neuron – receives input from many other neurons, – changes its internal state (activation) based on the current input, – sends one ...
Are We Paying Attention Yet?
... Oculomotor signals have been measured in many areas of the macaque brain (FEF, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and superficial layers of superior colliculus, etc.) The neural response to visual stimuli is enhanced when the stimulus is the target of a saccadic eye movement Neurons in area LIP ...
... Oculomotor signals have been measured in many areas of the macaque brain (FEF, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and superficial layers of superior colliculus, etc.) The neural response to visual stimuli is enhanced when the stimulus is the target of a saccadic eye movement Neurons in area LIP ...
Synchrony Unbound: Review A Critical Evaluation of
... of the specific mechanisms needed to generate such feedback-based synchrony. Binding by Synchrony and “Cardinal Neurons” Another flaw in the temporal binding hypothesis concerns the question of which neurons would read the binding signal, and how. Singer, von der Malsburg, and others have emphasized ...
... of the specific mechanisms needed to generate such feedback-based synchrony. Binding by Synchrony and “Cardinal Neurons” Another flaw in the temporal binding hypothesis concerns the question of which neurons would read the binding signal, and how. Singer, von der Malsburg, and others have emphasized ...
A novel neuroprosthetic interface with the peripheral nervous system
... the animals. We also found preliminary evidence of host axonal tract survival and vascularization within the constructs, a necessary condition for regeneration and restoration of function. Encouraged by these results, we are currently pursuing the transplantation of neural interfaces, consisting of ...
... the animals. We also found preliminary evidence of host axonal tract survival and vascularization within the constructs, a necessary condition for regeneration and restoration of function. Encouraged by these results, we are currently pursuing the transplantation of neural interfaces, consisting of ...
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices
... by itself might generate persistent activity. To better characterize the intrinsic dynamics of the cortical microcircuitry, we have investigated whether neocortical brain slices can sustain spontaneous activity. In the past, slices have been used to study the responses of neurons to electrical or ph ...
... by itself might generate persistent activity. To better characterize the intrinsic dynamics of the cortical microcircuitry, we have investigated whether neocortical brain slices can sustain spontaneous activity. In the past, slices have been used to study the responses of neurons to electrical or ph ...
“Epileptic Neurons” in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... factor in the neuronal hyperexcitability seen in both acute and chronic epilepsy models. The demonstration of the de novo appearance of Ca2+-dependent intrinsic bursting in the pilocarpine model of TLE is intriguing. It would be of utmost importance to identify the molecular basis of this alteration ...
... factor in the neuronal hyperexcitability seen in both acute and chronic epilepsy models. The demonstration of the de novo appearance of Ca2+-dependent intrinsic bursting in the pilocarpine model of TLE is intriguing. It would be of utmost importance to identify the molecular basis of this alteration ...
29.2 Neurons - Cloudfront.net
... • Makes decisions on what needs to be done • Sends messages/instructions to motor neurons • Located in CNS ...
... • Makes decisions on what needs to be done • Sends messages/instructions to motor neurons • Located in CNS ...
document1004
... morphologic characteristics of neurons, as well as of a control of genes expression, serving as a basis for the formation of adaptive behavior in adults, are comparable to those found at the early ontogenctic stages becomes a commonly accepted point (Anokhin & Rose, 1991; Bottjer et al., 1994; Singe ...
... morphologic characteristics of neurons, as well as of a control of genes expression, serving as a basis for the formation of adaptive behavior in adults, are comparable to those found at the early ontogenctic stages becomes a commonly accepted point (Anokhin & Rose, 1991; Bottjer et al., 1994; Singe ...
... Diverging neural pathways • Diverging neural pathways have one neuron branching out and feeding impulses to many neurons. • This allows for signals from a single source to be sent to several destinations and allows us to co-ordinate control (e.g. when threading a needle. This is fine motor control ...
APCHAPTER14
... ANS innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands • In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate – The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain ...
... ANS innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands • In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate – The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.