PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... suitably represented (see Fig. 1). The main advantage of this formalism is that it relies on biophysically realistic parameters and describes individual ionic and synaptic conductances for each neuron in accordance with the dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the d ...
... suitably represented (see Fig. 1). The main advantage of this formalism is that it relies on biophysically realistic parameters and describes individual ionic and synaptic conductances for each neuron in accordance with the dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the d ...
Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 32.1 Eye movements that stabilize
... cerebral cortex via the pontine nuclei to the cerebellum (CBLM), which then modulates activity in nuclei associated with the VOR—namely, the vestibular nuclei (VN) and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine r ...
... cerebral cortex via the pontine nuclei to the cerebellum (CBLM), which then modulates activity in nuclei associated with the VOR—namely, the vestibular nuclei (VN) and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine r ...
17 Human Single Unit Activity for Reach and Grasp Motor Prostheses
... So far we have described a static view of the neuronal encoding of reach and grasp parameters such as end-point position, grasp aperture, and force. Reach and grasp movements, however, occur not just in 3-D space, but also in time. Thus, improved understanding of how neurons code for trajectories of ...
... So far we have described a static view of the neuronal encoding of reach and grasp parameters such as end-point position, grasp aperture, and force. Reach and grasp movements, however, occur not just in 3-D space, but also in time. Thus, improved understanding of how neurons code for trajectories of ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... The revival of the connectionism in the mid-eighties featured increased interest in analysing the properties of such networks [3], as well as in applying them to numerous practical problems [4]. At the same time the same devices were proposed as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher ...
... The revival of the connectionism in the mid-eighties featured increased interest in analysing the properties of such networks [3], as well as in applying them to numerous practical problems [4]. At the same time the same devices were proposed as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher ...
Spikes, Local Field Potentials, and How to Model Both
... Gamma (40-80 Hz) complex processing, mediated by inhibition Delta (1-4 Hz) slow wave sleep Mu (8-12 Hz) but in motor cortex Theta (4-8 Hz) Hippocampus ...
... Gamma (40-80 Hz) complex processing, mediated by inhibition Delta (1-4 Hz) slow wave sleep Mu (8-12 Hz) but in motor cortex Theta (4-8 Hz) Hippocampus ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 40.1 Periodic activation in sleep cycles
... occipital cortex. The top 7 traces show burst firing during sleep and the resultant synchronized lowfrequency, high amplitude occipital EEG. The bottom 4 traces show recordings from these same sites during waking along with the resultant desynchronized, high-frequency EEG. Asterisks indicate burstin ...
... occipital cortex. The top 7 traces show burst firing during sleep and the resultant synchronized lowfrequency, high amplitude occipital EEG. The bottom 4 traces show recordings from these same sites during waking along with the resultant desynchronized, high-frequency EEG. Asterisks indicate burstin ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... CD (“Cabo do Mundo” by Luar na Lubre, Warner Music Spain, 1999). The CD style is celtic music played with traditional instruments, vocals, drums and synthesizers. The CD is available worldwide by music stores such as Amazon. In this period the learning mechanism continuously acts on the synaptic eff ...
... CD (“Cabo do Mundo” by Luar na Lubre, Warner Music Spain, 1999). The CD style is celtic music played with traditional instruments, vocals, drums and synthesizers. The CD is available worldwide by music stores such as Amazon. In this period the learning mechanism continuously acts on the synaptic eff ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... Synchronous activity: when a group of cells are simultaneously excited and the “mini” individual signals summate to generate one large surface signal Irregular activity: when a group of cells receives the same amount of excitation but do not respond simultaneously the summation does not amount to mu ...
... Synchronous activity: when a group of cells are simultaneously excited and the “mini” individual signals summate to generate one large surface signal Irregular activity: when a group of cells receives the same amount of excitation but do not respond simultaneously the summation does not amount to mu ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... mediated by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Wang, 1999). Conceptually, this means that working memory local circuits do not operate as fast switches with millisecond-scale transition times. Instead, neural computation is more like an integration in the sense of calculus, at least up to a ...
... mediated by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Wang, 1999). Conceptually, this means that working memory local circuits do not operate as fast switches with millisecond-scale transition times. Instead, neural computation is more like an integration in the sense of calculus, at least up to a ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... Up to now, we have analysed the properties of the BCM rule using two different methods. In the initial BCM paper (Bienenstock et al 1982) a general form of the φ function was assumed. A fixed-point method with linear stability analysis was used to analytically find the stable fixed points in two sim ...
... Up to now, we have analysed the properties of the BCM rule using two different methods. In the initial BCM paper (Bienenstock et al 1982) a general form of the φ function was assumed. A fixed-point method with linear stability analysis was used to analytically find the stable fixed points in two sim ...
At the root of embodied cognition: Cognitive science meets
... mere observation of a large object, but does not fire for a small one. Vice-versa, if a neuron is active during precise prehension, it fires even during observation of a small object, but it does not fire for a large one. The most interesting aspect of canonical neurons is that the same neuron fires not ...
... mere observation of a large object, but does not fire for a small one. Vice-versa, if a neuron is active during precise prehension, it fires even during observation of a small object, but it does not fire for a large one. The most interesting aspect of canonical neurons is that the same neuron fires not ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... scales and ®ring rates involved in the evolution of the neural activity. Consequently, the simulated dynamical processes, that putatively underly cognitive processes, can be quantitatively contrasted with experimental data. For this reason, it is convenient to include a thorough description of the d ...
... scales and ®ring rates involved in the evolution of the neural activity. Consequently, the simulated dynamical processes, that putatively underly cognitive processes, can be quantitatively contrasted with experimental data. For this reason, it is convenient to include a thorough description of the d ...
The Existence of a Layer IV in the Rat Motor Cortex
... pole in coronal sections (one brain) in a consecutive series of 50-µm-thick sections using an Oxford Vibratome®. Three to four sections from each series were used for the counting. In brief, the staining and the counting methods were as follows (see Skoglund et al., 1997): the sections were stained ...
... pole in coronal sections (one brain) in a consecutive series of 50-µm-thick sections using an Oxford Vibratome®. Three to four sections from each series were used for the counting. In brief, the staining and the counting methods were as follows (see Skoglund et al., 1997): the sections were stained ...
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and
... In 1980s several events caused a renewed interest. Kohonen has made many contributions to the field of artificial neural networks. He introduced the artificial neural network sometimes called a Kohonen map or network [10]. Hopfield of Caltech in 1982 presented a paper Neural Networks and Physical System ...
... In 1980s several events caused a renewed interest. Kohonen has made many contributions to the field of artificial neural networks. He introduced the artificial neural network sometimes called a Kohonen map or network [10]. Hopfield of Caltech in 1982 presented a paper Neural Networks and Physical System ...
From Network Architecture of Forebrain Systems to Brain Wide Web
... presentations. Prof. Tamás from University of Szeged (Hungary) reported that over years his group gathered and is in the process of analysing of data from an impressive ~14 000 pairs and triplets of connected neurons. This unique library of data provides an unprecedented source of information about ...
... presentations. Prof. Tamás from University of Szeged (Hungary) reported that over years his group gathered and is in the process of analysing of data from an impressive ~14 000 pairs and triplets of connected neurons. This unique library of data provides an unprecedented source of information about ...
Synapses and Synaptic Transmission
... INTRODUCTION TO SYNAPSE: The CNS contains more than 100 billion neurons. Incoming signals enter the neuron through synapses located mostly on the neuronal dendrites, but also on the cell body. For different types of neurons, there may be only a few hundred or as many as 200,000 such synaptic connec ...
... INTRODUCTION TO SYNAPSE: The CNS contains more than 100 billion neurons. Incoming signals enter the neuron through synapses located mostly on the neuronal dendrites, but also on the cell body. For different types of neurons, there may be only a few hundred or as many as 200,000 such synaptic connec ...
neural mechanisms of animal behavior
... the sensori-motor equipment is participating in a single action pattern; in evading a predator or in food-gathering much of the same equipment is combined into other strikingly different but unified action patterns. The behavior patterns are very different in quality but the equipment is roughly the ...
... the sensori-motor equipment is participating in a single action pattern; in evading a predator or in food-gathering much of the same equipment is combined into other strikingly different but unified action patterns. The behavior patterns are very different in quality but the equipment is roughly the ...
Introduction
... Each image is subdivided into blocks of 64x64 pixels to be treated as a complete image. 4096 inputs and 1 final input () The hidden layer with 256 or 512 neurons ...
... Each image is subdivided into blocks of 64x64 pixels to be treated as a complete image. 4096 inputs and 1 final input () The hidden layer with 256 or 512 neurons ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to
... mental principle of neural organization in visual systems: Visual systems represent the world in terms of predictions of its future appearance,and they reorganize themselves to generate better predictions. If the predictivity principle were satisfied (i.e., a visual system generates perfect predict ...
... mental principle of neural organization in visual systems: Visual systems represent the world in terms of predictions of its future appearance,and they reorganize themselves to generate better predictions. If the predictivity principle were satisfied (i.e., a visual system generates perfect predict ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.