Neural communication systems
... To understand how biological neural systems work it is crucial to select the right models providing an appropriate level of abstraction, which can capture the characteristic features of the system and ignore the irrelevant variations. Several models were proposed in the past decades. Some of these e ...
... To understand how biological neural systems work it is crucial to select the right models providing an appropriate level of abstraction, which can capture the characteristic features of the system and ignore the irrelevant variations. Several models were proposed in the past decades. Some of these e ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... and achieves an effective combined spatial–temporal resolution that has not been surpassed by newer systems. Some key features of the MRC 600 (and most other laser scanning systems) are a continuously variable aperture, simultaneous two channel recording, and flexible acquisition parameters. The signi ...
... and achieves an effective combined spatial–temporal resolution that has not been surpassed by newer systems. Some key features of the MRC 600 (and most other laser scanning systems) are a continuously variable aperture, simultaneous two channel recording, and flexible acquisition parameters. The signi ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... theory to both neuronal activity and behavior, providing a quantitative assessment of the relationship between brain and behavior. One metric that emerged from these efforts was choice probability (CP), which provides information about how well an ideal observer can predict the choice an animal make ...
... theory to both neuronal activity and behavior, providing a quantitative assessment of the relationship between brain and behavior. One metric that emerged from these efforts was choice probability (CP), which provides information about how well an ideal observer can predict the choice an animal make ...
Real-time tomography from magnetoencephalography (MEG
... what each side might represent and partly by a mismatch in the actual coin (paper) about what value one side is portraying and how this value is described implicitly or explicitly on the other side. The end product of an EEG or MEG experiment is some measure of activity. Even if we assume that the ...
... what each side might represent and partly by a mismatch in the actual coin (paper) about what value one side is portraying and how this value is described implicitly or explicitly on the other side. The end product of an EEG or MEG experiment is some measure of activity. Even if we assume that the ...
Electrical Synapses between Dopaminergic Neurons of the
... held previously at ⫺60 mV) between the potential at sag peak (see Fig. 1, E) and the potential at steady state (see Fig. 1, F). Spike duration was measured between the onset of the spike and the equipotential point during the repolarization phase. Fast afterhyperpolarization amplitude was taken betw ...
... held previously at ⫺60 mV) between the potential at sag peak (see Fig. 1, E) and the potential at steady state (see Fig. 1, F). Spike duration was measured between the onset of the spike and the equipotential point during the repolarization phase. Fast afterhyperpolarization amplitude was taken betw ...
Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms in mouse V1
... neurons that it excites or inhibits. However, once established, perhaps by a slow plasticity process during development, a complexly interconnected circuit with all neurons at their activity set points would exert a powerful drive to restore any individual member’s activity to the set point if exter ...
... neurons that it excites or inhibits. However, once established, perhaps by a slow plasticity process during development, a complexly interconnected circuit with all neurons at their activity set points would exert a powerful drive to restore any individual member’s activity to the set point if exter ...
Slide 1
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Dopaminergic Neurons
... The functional role of KATP channels is best understood for the pancreatic beta cells where these channels couple blood glucose levels to insulin secretion. Thus beta cell KATP channels are essential in peripheral glucose sensing. By analogy, neuronal KATP channels, in particular in the hypothalamus ...
... The functional role of KATP channels is best understood for the pancreatic beta cells where these channels couple blood glucose levels to insulin secretion. Thus beta cell KATP channels are essential in peripheral glucose sensing. By analogy, neuronal KATP channels, in particular in the hypothalamus ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... Fig 2 Input res]s ce and sp~ke discharges of a type-II neuron A membrane responses to mtracellularly rejected hyper- and depolar~.zmgcurrents of various intensities B current-voltage relation for the type-II neuron C rejection of a ,trong depolarizing current palse produced only 4 spikes A strong sp ...
... Fig 2 Input res]s ce and sp~ke discharges of a type-II neuron A membrane responses to mtracellularly rejected hyper- and depolar~.zmgcurrents of various intensities B current-voltage relation for the type-II neuron C rejection of a ,trong depolarizing current palse produced only 4 spikes A strong sp ...
the autonomic nervous system
... often causes secretion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. The sympathetic division diverges more than parasympathetic division. Sympathetic stimulation often activates many different kinds of effector organs at the same time as a result of CNS stimulation or epinephrine ...
... often causes secretion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. The sympathetic division diverges more than parasympathetic division. Sympathetic stimulation often activates many different kinds of effector organs at the same time as a result of CNS stimulation or epinephrine ...
Exam I
... 20) If neuron X is excitatory and fires multiple action potentials to bring neuron W to threshold… A) spatial summation is occurring. B) temporal summation is occurring. C) inhibition shunting is occurring. D) All of the above are true. E) None of the above is true. 21) Based only on the location of ...
... 20) If neuron X is excitatory and fires multiple action potentials to bring neuron W to threshold… A) spatial summation is occurring. B) temporal summation is occurring. C) inhibition shunting is occurring. D) All of the above are true. E) None of the above is true. 21) Based only on the location of ...
cp_kellermann_launay_17092010
... Lariboisière, Paris and the mental health network, Santé Mentale), sheds new light on the mechanisms of action of these drugs which have been used for more than 30 years and are heavily consumed in France. In particular, the researchers have revealed, for the first time, a sequence of reactions caus ...
... Lariboisière, Paris and the mental health network, Santé Mentale), sheds new light on the mechanisms of action of these drugs which have been used for more than 30 years and are heavily consumed in France. In particular, the researchers have revealed, for the first time, a sequence of reactions caus ...
motor systems
... parameter or other feature of a movement is probably represented not by the discharge of a single M1 neuron, but by the ensemble activity of a distributed population of cortical neurons. Cortical areas outside the primary motor cortex seem to be especially concerned with using a wide variety of sens ...
... parameter or other feature of a movement is probably represented not by the discharge of a single M1 neuron, but by the ensemble activity of a distributed population of cortical neurons. Cortical areas outside the primary motor cortex seem to be especially concerned with using a wide variety of sens ...
Differentiating Upper from Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
... absolute terms. For example a SCI can injure ventral motor neurons (LMNs), but the predominant injury that leads to the significant functional deficits that are seen in individuals with a SCI is the damage to the descending motor axons (UMNs) that control the output of the ventral motor neurons that ...
... absolute terms. For example a SCI can injure ventral motor neurons (LMNs), but the predominant injury that leads to the significant functional deficits that are seen in individuals with a SCI is the damage to the descending motor axons (UMNs) that control the output of the ventral motor neurons that ...
5104-c2
... Top, schematic of pairs of SCN neurons (blue) from wild-type (WT) and Cx36-/- mice. Individual SCN neurons contain the molecular machinery necessary to generate circadian oscillations. One gap in our knowledge is the lack of understanding of how these single-cell oscillators are coupled. The new stu ...
... Top, schematic of pairs of SCN neurons (blue) from wild-type (WT) and Cx36-/- mice. Individual SCN neurons contain the molecular machinery necessary to generate circadian oscillations. One gap in our knowledge is the lack of understanding of how these single-cell oscillators are coupled. The new stu ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... Even when a neuron has been successfully isolated, detailed investigation of the neuron may be bypassed if the neuron does not respond “rationally” to the investigators stimuli or fit the stereotype of what the experimenter believes the neuron should do. This is especially true for higher visual are ...
... Even when a neuron has been successfully isolated, detailed investigation of the neuron may be bypassed if the neuron does not respond “rationally” to the investigators stimuli or fit the stereotype of what the experimenter believes the neuron should do. This is especially true for higher visual are ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... ratio was 1 (0 bits). The results indicate that the impact of "selection" noise is to "confuse" the robot so it takes longer to find the desired terminal point. The path shown in figures 3 represents a random walk about the true optimal path. The important thing to note about this example is that th ...
... ratio was 1 (0 bits). The results indicate that the impact of "selection" noise is to "confuse" the robot so it takes longer to find the desired terminal point. The path shown in figures 3 represents a random walk about the true optimal path. The important thing to note about this example is that th ...
system quanta as discrete units of behavior
... composing them differ to some extent. Separate individuals with a set of their own homeostatic and behavioral functional systems represent components of these system quanta. Cumulative activity of individuals united in system quanta produce the end results of activity of functional systems at this l ...
... composing them differ to some extent. Separate individuals with a set of their own homeostatic and behavioral functional systems represent components of these system quanta. Cumulative activity of individuals united in system quanta produce the end results of activity of functional systems at this l ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
The Art and Science of Research Grant Writing
... routes: I) The tuberoinfundibular DAergic (TIDA) neurons send short projections to the external zone (EZ) of the median eminence. TIDA axons terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space surrounding the primary capillary loops of the portal system. From here the long portal vessels (L ...
... routes: I) The tuberoinfundibular DAergic (TIDA) neurons send short projections to the external zone (EZ) of the median eminence. TIDA axons terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space surrounding the primary capillary loops of the portal system. From here the long portal vessels (L ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.