Sensory system evolution at the origin of craniates
... crest^ placodal sensory systems that are present in craniates. In contrast, in the normal phenotypes of bilaterally symmetrical animals, the reverse combination of elaborated migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems with an enlarged, elaborated brain but without large, paired, lateral eyes h ...
... crest^ placodal sensory systems that are present in craniates. In contrast, in the normal phenotypes of bilaterally symmetrical animals, the reverse combination of elaborated migratory neural crest^ placodal sensory systems with an enlarged, elaborated brain but without large, paired, lateral eyes h ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... Although rhythmic STN–GP activity was correlated with SWA, the phase relationships of activities of neurons within the STN and GP and between the nuclei were variable. Even when neurons displayed synchronous bursting activity, correlations on the millisecond time scale, which might indicate shared s ...
... Although rhythmic STN–GP activity was correlated with SWA, the phase relationships of activities of neurons within the STN and GP and between the nuclei were variable. Even when neurons displayed synchronous bursting activity, correlations on the millisecond time scale, which might indicate shared s ...
Functional Classification
... The second most prevalent congenital anomaly in the United States Substantial morbidity and mortality Folic acid supplementation and dietary fortification decrease the occurrence and recurrence of these anomalies Periconceptional folic acid supplementation can prevent 50% or more of NTDs Folate is ...
... The second most prevalent congenital anomaly in the United States Substantial morbidity and mortality Folic acid supplementation and dietary fortification decrease the occurrence and recurrence of these anomalies Periconceptional folic acid supplementation can prevent 50% or more of NTDs Folate is ...
Learning by localized plastic adaptation in recurrent neural networks
... models these ideas are implemented by the assumption that spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and dopamine induced plasticity are directly coupled11, 12 . In an other model it has been proposed13 that the transmitted feedback signal changes the vesicle release probability of previously activate ...
... models these ideas are implemented by the assumption that spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and dopamine induced plasticity are directly coupled11, 12 . In an other model it has been proposed13 that the transmitted feedback signal changes the vesicle release probability of previously activate ...
Untitled - inetTeacher
... • Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons • In order for this process to happen, the message must cross a synapse. • A synapse is a junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another. • Messages travel in only one directio ...
... • Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons • In order for this process to happen, the message must cross a synapse. • A synapse is a junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another. • Messages travel in only one directio ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... Necessity of formal linking propositions • The properties of neurons do not reveal function • Formal (computational) theories of performance explain function • But distinct models cannot be distinguished from behavior testing, e.g., diffusion or race • Properties of neurons might provide constraint ...
... Necessity of formal linking propositions • The properties of neurons do not reveal function • Formal (computational) theories of performance explain function • But distinct models cannot be distinguished from behavior testing, e.g., diffusion or race • Properties of neurons might provide constraint ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyclic pattern remain unaltered over a broad range of quantitative variation. Unfortunately the data are not complete enough to say whether this must always be so, or whether it is possible through appropriate interneuron activity to ...
... (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyclic pattern remain unaltered over a broad range of quantitative variation. Unfortunately the data are not complete enough to say whether this must always be so, or whether it is possible through appropriate interneuron activity to ...
trans - RUF International
... This explanation is fundamentally different from an explanation describing some of the many computational tasks being performed within the brain. The consciousness is not a computing task. The consciousness is the result of the active generator producing neural activity in a loop of interconnected n ...
... This explanation is fundamentally different from an explanation describing some of the many computational tasks being performed within the brain. The consciousness is not a computing task. The consciousness is the result of the active generator producing neural activity in a loop of interconnected n ...
Observational Learning Based on Models of - FORTH-ICS
... networks are densely connected to the AIPvisual region, so that when an object is viewed by the agent more than one cluster of neurons is activated. These compete during training (through their inhibitory connections), and the dominant cluster suppresses the activation of others. To ensure that dive ...
... networks are densely connected to the AIPvisual region, so that when an object is viewed by the agent more than one cluster of neurons is activated. These compete during training (through their inhibitory connections), and the dominant cluster suppresses the activation of others. To ensure that dive ...
A2.2.1.TheNeuron
... system to react quickly while at the same time processing a great deal of sensory information. The nervous system interacts with all other systems in the body and reacts to thousands of different stimuli on a minute to minute basis. Specialized cells called neurons work together to respond to these ...
... system to react quickly while at the same time processing a great deal of sensory information. The nervous system interacts with all other systems in the body and reacts to thousands of different stimuli on a minute to minute basis. Specialized cells called neurons work together to respond to these ...
PDF
... It is difficult to state that GABA exerts an excitatory action when GABAA R blockade leads to an increased activity in vivo. Third, observations on the “intact hippocampus” preparation (in toto) where cellular integrity and connectivity are maintained, also suggest the inhibitory action of GABA. Usin ...
... It is difficult to state that GABA exerts an excitatory action when GABAA R blockade leads to an increased activity in vivo. Third, observations on the “intact hippocampus” preparation (in toto) where cellular integrity and connectivity are maintained, also suggest the inhibitory action of GABA. Usin ...
PDF
... feature of cortical dynamics. In recent years, another line of research has attracted great interest: the observation of a bimodal distribution of the membrane potential defining up states and down states at the single cell level (Wilson & Kawaguchi, 1996; Steriade, Contreras, & Amzica, 1994; Contre ...
... feature of cortical dynamics. In recent years, another line of research has attracted great interest: the observation of a bimodal distribution of the membrane potential defining up states and down states at the single cell level (Wilson & Kawaguchi, 1996; Steriade, Contreras, & Amzica, 1994; Contre ...
Lesson Plan - University of Washington
... Background: The nervous system operates by taking in natural stimuli (sound, vision, touch, etc.) and responding in the form of electrical action potentials among groups of neurons. The nature of this stimulus-response relationship is dependent on both input into the system (stimuli) and the output ...
... Background: The nervous system operates by taking in natural stimuli (sound, vision, touch, etc.) and responding in the form of electrical action potentials among groups of neurons. The nature of this stimulus-response relationship is dependent on both input into the system (stimuli) and the output ...
L8 slides
... • DA burst activity drives the direct "Go" pathway neurons in the striatum, which then inhibit the tonic activation in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), which releases specific nuclei in the thalamus from inhibition, allowing them to complete a bidirectional excitatory circuit with the fr ...
... • DA burst activity drives the direct "Go" pathway neurons in the striatum, which then inhibit the tonic activation in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), which releases specific nuclei in the thalamus from inhibition, allowing them to complete a bidirectional excitatory circuit with the fr ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... If an agent A observes an agent B carrying out a GOaction, the same process is carried out by A, except for the motor program sending step: 1. object location (relative to B’s arm), object features (relative to A’s hand intrinsic features), arm coding (B’s arm shape and B’s arm motion relative to th ...
... If an agent A observes an agent B carrying out a GOaction, the same process is carried out by A, except for the motor program sending step: 1. object location (relative to B’s arm), object features (relative to A’s hand intrinsic features), arm coding (B’s arm shape and B’s arm motion relative to th ...
Mircea Steriade
... research scientist working toward a D.Sc. (Ph.D.) at the Institute of Neurology of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. It is vivid in my memory how puzzled I was when, a few days after entering that institute, I was asked to deliver a talk on iron metabolism. I had been ignorant of the fact that heavy ...
... research scientist working toward a D.Sc. (Ph.D.) at the Institute of Neurology of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. It is vivid in my memory how puzzled I was when, a few days after entering that institute, I was asked to deliver a talk on iron metabolism. I had been ignorant of the fact that heavy ...
Fifty years of CPGs: two neuroethological papers that shaped BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
... do not maintain a fixed phase relative to one another, or relative to movements of the wings. However, different neurons innervating the same muscle do maintain a fixed phase (Wyman, 1965). For one pair of muscles that are each innervated by five motor neurons, the neurons innervating each muscle fi ...
... do not maintain a fixed phase relative to one another, or relative to movements of the wings. However, different neurons innervating the same muscle do maintain a fixed phase (Wyman, 1965). For one pair of muscles that are each innervated by five motor neurons, the neurons innervating each muscle fi ...
Neural Networks - National Taiwan University
... by the way biological nervous systems. composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) . ANNs, like people, learn by example ◦ (Learning, Recall, Generalization) ...
... by the way biological nervous systems. composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) . ANNs, like people, learn by example ◦ (Learning, Recall, Generalization) ...
Abstract
... coagulative lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) result in hypokinesia (Stern, 1966; Viallet et al., 1981). It is clear that the normal functioning of the basal ganglia depends upon an intact nigrostriatal DA system. Nigrostriatal DA neurons could play a role in motor control in several ways: they c ...
... coagulative lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) result in hypokinesia (Stern, 1966; Viallet et al., 1981). It is clear that the normal functioning of the basal ganglia depends upon an intact nigrostriatal DA system. Nigrostriatal DA neurons could play a role in motor control in several ways: they c ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 34.1 Somatic and autonomic styles of
... FIGURE 34.2 Details of the organization of the SNS and its sensory inputs. In thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord, preganglionic neuronal somata located in the intermediolateral cell column project through ventral roots to either paravertebral chain ganglia or prevertebral ganglia, as illu ...
... FIGURE 34.2 Details of the organization of the SNS and its sensory inputs. In thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord, preganglionic neuronal somata located in the intermediolateral cell column project through ventral roots to either paravertebral chain ganglia or prevertebral ganglia, as illu ...
Neural Crest - bthsresearch
... • Define “Neural Crest” & identify the adult structures formed by these cells ...
... • Define “Neural Crest” & identify the adult structures formed by these cells ...
Autonomic nervous system
... the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal. Whereas most of its actions are involuntary, some, such as breathing, work in tandem with the conscious mind. It is classically divided into two subsystems: the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system.[1][2] Relatively re ...
... the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal. Whereas most of its actions are involuntary, some, such as breathing, work in tandem with the conscious mind. It is classically divided into two subsystems: the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system.[1][2] Relatively re ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.