Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... environment [O' Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971] . Neurons in the temporal lobes of primates have also been found fire maximally in response to particular objects or for faces. The properties of these and many other types of neurons in the central nervous system were discovered by applying the firing rat ...
... environment [O' Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971] . Neurons in the temporal lobes of primates have also been found fire maximally in response to particular objects or for faces. The properties of these and many other types of neurons in the central nervous system were discovered by applying the firing rat ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in response to that information. These findings imply that the DLPFC p ...
... for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in response to that information. These findings imply that the DLPFC p ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... with controls, there were statistically significant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in terms of the degree of regularity of baseline spike activity and interspike interval histogram modality. There was a 1.5-fold (to 17.3%) decrease in the proportion of neurons with baseline ...
... with controls, there were statistically significant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in terms of the degree of regularity of baseline spike activity and interspike interval histogram modality. There was a 1.5-fold (to 17.3%) decrease in the proportion of neurons with baseline ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... the delay level activity, Di, of the response to the target at approximately the same time, tc. Furthermore, for each monkey, this common neuronal crossing time tc, which is 421 ms and 375 ms for monkeys B and I, respectively, is within 34 ms and 35 ms, respectively, of the attentional switching tim ...
... the delay level activity, Di, of the response to the target at approximately the same time, tc. Furthermore, for each monkey, this common neuronal crossing time tc, which is 421 ms and 375 ms for monkeys B and I, respectively, is within 34 ms and 35 ms, respectively, of the attentional switching tim ...
CHAPTER 12- Nervous Tissue
... C) resulting from simultaneous stimulation from several presynaptic end bulbs is called temporal. D) resulting from many stimulations from the same presynaptic end bulb is spatial. E) has no effect on the electrical activity of the postsynaptic neuron. 34) A postsynaptic neuron receives a greater nu ...
... C) resulting from simultaneous stimulation from several presynaptic end bulbs is called temporal. D) resulting from many stimulations from the same presynaptic end bulb is spatial. E) has no effect on the electrical activity of the postsynaptic neuron. 34) A postsynaptic neuron receives a greater nu ...
Neural Pascal
... grouped into nodes of different types. A connection between nodes is called a ‘link’. A link is a directed edge between two nodes. The main purpose of a link is to provide an access from one node to another provided there is a link connecting the two. Just as any other Pascal object, links are typed ...
... grouped into nodes of different types. A connection between nodes is called a ‘link’. A link is a directed edge between two nodes. The main purpose of a link is to provide an access from one node to another provided there is a link connecting the two. Just as any other Pascal object, links are typed ...
Tsuda et al NeurosciRes
... control MLI activity, we first used the DMD to illuminate a maximal area (625 µm x 410 µm) within the microscope field, while detecting responses in individual MLIs via cell-attached recordings. A brief light pulse (1 ms, 18.7 mW/mm2 at the specimen) reliably evoked action potentials in the MLIs (Fi ...
... control MLI activity, we first used the DMD to illuminate a maximal area (625 µm x 410 µm) within the microscope field, while detecting responses in individual MLIs via cell-attached recordings. A brief light pulse (1 ms, 18.7 mW/mm2 at the specimen) reliably evoked action potentials in the MLIs (Fi ...
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM_(EEG).
... orderly and symmetrically arranged cells • Pyramidal cells : – oriented vertically – Potential change in one part relative to other create “open” potentials field – Potential measurable at cortical surface ...
... orderly and symmetrically arranged cells • Pyramidal cells : – oriented vertically – Potential change in one part relative to other create “open” potentials field – Potential measurable at cortical surface ...
Review (11/01/16)
... • Would you have to change your answer if she asked you to order them based on axon diameter? – No. The fast ones have larger axon diameters than the slow ones, just as you would expect. ...
... • Would you have to change your answer if she asked you to order them based on axon diameter? – No. The fast ones have larger axon diameters than the slow ones, just as you would expect. ...
Motion perception: Seeing and deciding
... high-level signals arise early in the initial stages of planning a saccade and are therefore likely to be linked to the decision process in a revealing manner (31–34). Anatomical data suggest that LIP is an important processing stage in the context of our task: LIP receives direct input from MT and ...
... high-level signals arise early in the initial stages of planning a saccade and are therefore likely to be linked to the decision process in a revealing manner (31–34). Anatomical data suggest that LIP is an important processing stage in the context of our task: LIP receives direct input from MT and ...
Neuron File
... easily excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: in electrophysiological terms it has ...
... easily excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: in electrophysiological terms it has ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... Three types of steady state neuron responses First, we considered the case when the time-varying stimuli had steady state stimulus statistics, that is, how action potential generation depended on the stimulus’s statistical properties when those properties were fixed, i.e. they did not change in time ...
... Three types of steady state neuron responses First, we considered the case when the time-varying stimuli had steady state stimulus statistics, that is, how action potential generation depended on the stimulus’s statistical properties when those properties were fixed, i.e. they did not change in time ...
Encoding of Rules by Neurons in the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal
... Subjects viewed a computer monitor mounted at the eye level, and a joystick was positioned near the hand contralateral to the hemisphere of recordings. The task was presented using a customized software package written in MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) that provided millisecond temporal p ...
... Subjects viewed a computer monitor mounted at the eye level, and a joystick was positioned near the hand contralateral to the hemisphere of recordings. The task was presented using a customized software package written in MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) that provided millisecond temporal p ...
ppt - Castle High School
... Steps of muscle contraction 1. Electric signal sent from brain down motor neuron to neuromuscular junction 2. Neurotransmitter signal sent from neuron received by sarcolemma of muscle cell 3. Calcium ion movement into muscle cell 4. Myosin forms cross bridges with actin 5. ATP allows cross bridges ...
... Steps of muscle contraction 1. Electric signal sent from brain down motor neuron to neuromuscular junction 2. Neurotransmitter signal sent from neuron received by sarcolemma of muscle cell 3. Calcium ion movement into muscle cell 4. Myosin forms cross bridges with actin 5. ATP allows cross bridges ...
Synapse Elimination and Remodeling
... • The rationale for starting with many is not as clear (much energy goes into making as many only to have them torn down). • What idea might you have? Propose a rationale. • Divergence also exists early in development; 1 neuron many different targets, which are decreased by synaptic elimination pr ...
... • The rationale for starting with many is not as clear (much energy goes into making as many only to have them torn down). • What idea might you have? Propose a rationale. • Divergence also exists early in development; 1 neuron many different targets, which are decreased by synaptic elimination pr ...
Unit 6 Day 5 Anatomy
... potentials make the neuron MORE likely to fire. (raise) • Inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials make the neuron LESS likey to fire.(more -) ...
... potentials make the neuron MORE likely to fire. (raise) • Inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials make the neuron LESS likey to fire.(more -) ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 29.1 Vestibular canals and otoliths. The
... represents in black and gray the body parts that moved a lot or a little, respectively, when the cortical surface at that site was stimulated. In addition to the primary representation on the convexity, their map shows a secondary representation on the medial surface of the hemisphere, called the su ...
... represents in black and gray the body parts that moved a lot or a little, respectively, when the cortical surface at that site was stimulated. In addition to the primary representation on the convexity, their map shows a secondary representation on the medial surface of the hemisphere, called the su ...
Neurons Excitatory vs Inhibitory Neurons The Neuron and its Ions
... • Cluster plots provide a means of visualizing similarity relationships between patterns of activity in a network • Cluster plots are constructed based on the distances between patterns of activity • Euclidean distance = sum (across all units) of the squared ...
... • Cluster plots provide a means of visualizing similarity relationships between patterns of activity in a network • Cluster plots are constructed based on the distances between patterns of activity • Euclidean distance = sum (across all units) of the squared ...
Note
... based on the temporal pattern of neural responses in cortical neurons. Here neurons code aspects of the stimulus by changing the overall temporal patterns of response in a way that has little to do with the waveform or envelope of the stimulus. Neurons in auditory cortex show different patterns of r ...
... based on the temporal pattern of neural responses in cortical neurons. Here neurons code aspects of the stimulus by changing the overall temporal patterns of response in a way that has little to do with the waveform or envelope of the stimulus. Neurons in auditory cortex show different patterns of r ...
Principle of Superposition-free Memory - Deep Blue
... of firing. The problem of memory is thus to reconstruct this pattern, but in response to a secondary pattern of firing concomitant to an event other than the original input (for example, part of the original input or some other input with which it has been associated). Presumably this means that at ...
... of firing. The problem of memory is thus to reconstruct this pattern, but in response to a secondary pattern of firing concomitant to an event other than the original input (for example, part of the original input or some other input with which it has been associated). Presumably this means that at ...
Patient Machine Interface for the Control of Mechanical Ventilation
... While brainstem centers provide the most natural control signal they are buried deep in the brain. This could hamper the detection of the signals from non-invasive EEG electrodes. There are however, two arguments supporting the idea that physiologically inspired signal processing techniques might he ...
... While brainstem centers provide the most natural control signal they are buried deep in the brain. This could hamper the detection of the signals from non-invasive EEG electrodes. There are however, two arguments supporting the idea that physiologically inspired signal processing techniques might he ...
PDF file
... three areas, the sensory area X, the internal area Y and the motor area Z, with an example in Fig. 1(b). The internal neurons in Y have connection with both the sensory end X and the motor end Z. The largest scale account of neural anatomy so far seems the work of visual and motor systems by Fellema ...
... three areas, the sensory area X, the internal area Y and the motor area Z, with an example in Fig. 1(b). The internal neurons in Y have connection with both the sensory end X and the motor end Z. The largest scale account of neural anatomy so far seems the work of visual and motor systems by Fellema ...
Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
The Nervous System
... 32. Nerves of this portion of the nervous system get the internal organs of body ready for action, the so-called “fight or flight” reflex. 33. Sensory nerves in the skin would be part of this portion of the nervous system. 34. This portion of the nervous system increases digestive system activity. 3 ...
... 32. Nerves of this portion of the nervous system get the internal organs of body ready for action, the so-called “fight or flight” reflex. 33. Sensory nerves in the skin would be part of this portion of the nervous system. 34. This portion of the nervous system increases digestive system activity. 3 ...
Neurotransmitters and Sleep
... neurotransmitters and brain structures, beginning with the neurotransmitter that plays, perhaps, the largest role in sleep acetylcholine (ACh). The acetylcholine neurons that are most important in the sleep process have cell bodies in the Pons and the Basal Forebrain. The pons is located at the base ...
... neurotransmitters and brain structures, beginning with the neurotransmitter that plays, perhaps, the largest role in sleep acetylcholine (ACh). The acetylcholine neurons that are most important in the sleep process have cell bodies in the Pons and the Basal Forebrain. The pons is located at the base ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.