CHAPTER EIGHT
... - the intracellular and extracellular fluids contain almost equal concentrations of positive and negative ions - a minute excess of negative ions accumulates on the inside of the membrane - an equally minute concentration of positive ions accumulates on the outside of the membrane - in effect there ...
... - the intracellular and extracellular fluids contain almost equal concentrations of positive and negative ions - a minute excess of negative ions accumulates on the inside of the membrane - an equally minute concentration of positive ions accumulates on the outside of the membrane - in effect there ...
What is “membrane potential”
... the movement of ions. B. Why does a mutation to the Cl- pump impair endosome acidification? C. Could a Ca++ pump substitute for the Cl- pump? Why or why not? ...
... the movement of ions. B. Why does a mutation to the Cl- pump impair endosome acidification? C. Could a Ca++ pump substitute for the Cl- pump? Why or why not? ...
Unit 1 PPT 7 (2ciii-iv Channels and transporters)
... delivering a nerve impulse along a nerve axon. • The next few slides show a diagrammatic representation of the propagation of this depolarisation as a result of the action of ligand- and voltage-gated channels. ...
... delivering a nerve impulse along a nerve axon. • The next few slides show a diagrammatic representation of the propagation of this depolarisation as a result of the action of ligand- and voltage-gated channels. ...
CH 48 Nervous systemnotes2010
... to the central nervous system 2. interneuron- a nerve cell within the central nervous system responsible for the integration of neural input and output 3. motor neuron transmits signals from the brain or spinal column to muscles or glands How do nerve cells send impulses along itself? All deals with ...
... to the central nervous system 2. interneuron- a nerve cell within the central nervous system responsible for the integration of neural input and output 3. motor neuron transmits signals from the brain or spinal column to muscles or glands How do nerve cells send impulses along itself? All deals with ...
Nervous Tissue
... Electrical Signals in Neurons • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
... Electrical Signals in Neurons • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
Chapter 48 , 10th edition 1) What happens when a resting neuron`s
... 15) In descriptions of synapse organization, which type of cell is the transmitting neuron and which type of neuron, muscle, or gland cell receives the signal? A)presynaptic ... postsynaptic B)postsynaptic ... presynaptic C)active ... passive D)producer ... consumer E)None of the listed responses is ...
... 15) In descriptions of synapse organization, which type of cell is the transmitting neuron and which type of neuron, muscle, or gland cell receives the signal? A)presynaptic ... postsynaptic B)postsynaptic ... presynaptic C)active ... passive D)producer ... consumer E)None of the listed responses is ...
Transmission at the Synapse and the
... excitatory nerve ending and thus reduced the magnitude of excitatory action potential; and that in turn reduces the amount of calcium that enters the excitatory nerve ending, reducing the amount of excitatory neurotransmitter released Voltage-gated potassium channels can open, thus hyperpolarizing ...
... excitatory nerve ending and thus reduced the magnitude of excitatory action potential; and that in turn reduces the amount of calcium that enters the excitatory nerve ending, reducing the amount of excitatory neurotransmitter released Voltage-gated potassium channels can open, thus hyperpolarizing ...
Action Potential 2
... • If two post-synaptic potentials occur at the same time in different places, or at the same place in rapid succession, their effects add up. • This adding up is called spatial or temporal summation ...
... • If two post-synaptic potentials occur at the same time in different places, or at the same place in rapid succession, their effects add up. • This adding up is called spatial or temporal summation ...
Module 5 - Pioneer Student
... Terminal Buttons – bulge at end of axon containing neurotransmitters How Neurons Fire Stimuli from dendrites produce action potential Action potential (electrical nerve impulse) - Positive to negative reversal that prorogates down axon Action potential speed – 2mph-225mph (thicker sheathed n ...
... Terminal Buttons – bulge at end of axon containing neurotransmitters How Neurons Fire Stimuli from dendrites produce action potential Action potential (electrical nerve impulse) - Positive to negative reversal that prorogates down axon Action potential speed – 2mph-225mph (thicker sheathed n ...
Chapter 8b Questions
... How is the concentration of K+ kept elevated inside the cell? What two factors determine the magnitude of the resting membrane potential? Given the situation in Figure 6-10 (p. 144) where the membrane is permeable only to K+, what force is responsible for the movement of K+ from Compartment 2 to Com ...
... How is the concentration of K+ kept elevated inside the cell? What two factors determine the magnitude of the resting membrane potential? Given the situation in Figure 6-10 (p. 144) where the membrane is permeable only to K+, what force is responsible for the movement of K+ from Compartment 2 to Com ...
CH 8 Nervous part 1
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one ...
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one ...
Slide ()
... bushy cell targets fire in phase with changes in sound pressure. Although individual neurons sometimes skip cycles, the population of bushy cells encodes the timing of low-frequency sounds and its frequency with every cycle. Comparison of the timing of action potentials of bushy cells at the two sid ...
... bushy cell targets fire in phase with changes in sound pressure. Although individual neurons sometimes skip cycles, the population of bushy cells encodes the timing of low-frequency sounds and its frequency with every cycle. Comparison of the timing of action potentials of bushy cells at the two sid ...
Chapter 12: Neural Tissue
... A “resting” neuron typically has a membrane potential of about -70 mV. When ions move into or out of a neuron, its membrane potential changes. Such changes transmit information through the nervous system. 12.3: Electrochemical gradients: which way will ions go? Each ion’s direction of movement ...
... A “resting” neuron typically has a membrane potential of about -70 mV. When ions move into or out of a neuron, its membrane potential changes. Such changes transmit information through the nervous system. 12.3: Electrochemical gradients: which way will ions go? Each ion’s direction of movement ...
Divisions of the Nervous System
... Ependymal cells: cells with highly branched processes; contact neuroglia directly Astrocytes: large cell bodies with many processes Oligodendrocytes: smaller cell bodies with fewer processes Microglia: smallest and least numerous neuroglia with many fine-branched ...
... Ependymal cells: cells with highly branched processes; contact neuroglia directly Astrocytes: large cell bodies with many processes Oligodendrocytes: smaller cell bodies with fewer processes Microglia: smallest and least numerous neuroglia with many fine-branched ...
nervous system ppt
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth - prevents the proper operation of the chemical that controls nerve signals to the muscles. The chemical controlling nerve signals works like the body's “off switch” for muscles. When this “off switch” doe ...
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth - prevents the proper operation of the chemical that controls nerve signals to the muscles. The chemical controlling nerve signals works like the body's “off switch” for muscles. When this “off switch” doe ...
Neural Tissue
... Damage and Repair • PNS neurons have a greater capacity for repair and regeneration than CNS neurons – Axons and dendrites of PNS neurons that are associated with a neurolemma may undergo repair if the cell body remains intact, if the schwann cells are functions, and if scar tissue formation does n ...
... Damage and Repair • PNS neurons have a greater capacity for repair and regeneration than CNS neurons – Axons and dendrites of PNS neurons that are associated with a neurolemma may undergo repair if the cell body remains intact, if the schwann cells are functions, and if scar tissue formation does n ...
Resting potential - Neurons in Action
... Answer all underlined questions. You can answer them directly on this worksheet. Plots should be drawn on separate sheets of paper. In the Panel and Graph Manager window, press the button that says “K conductance only”. This will set the conductance to zero for all ions but potassium. In this simula ...
... Answer all underlined questions. You can answer them directly on this worksheet. Plots should be drawn on separate sheets of paper. In the Panel and Graph Manager window, press the button that says “K conductance only”. This will set the conductance to zero for all ions but potassium. In this simula ...
NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS AT SYNAPSES
... • The axon of the presynaptic cell branches close to the muscle cell, creating several axon terminals (boutons) that synapse with the muscle cell. ...
... • The axon of the presynaptic cell branches close to the muscle cell, creating several axon terminals (boutons) that synapse with the muscle cell. ...
Complete Nervous System Worksheet
... As soon as the action potential has move on, the axon undergoes a refractory period. At this time the sodium gates are unable to open. This ensures that the action potential cannot move backwards and always moves down an axon to the axon branches B. Transmission of a Nerve Impulse Between two Differ ...
... As soon as the action potential has move on, the axon undergoes a refractory period. At this time the sodium gates are unable to open. This ensures that the action potential cannot move backwards and always moves down an axon to the axon branches B. Transmission of a Nerve Impulse Between two Differ ...
RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS
... The role of Ion channels The ion channels can be of 2 main types: 1. Leak channels: Include ion channels specific for Na+, K+, Cl- etc. As long as the size of the ion is appropriate, the ion will go through them. 2. Gated channels: The gates are part of the protein channel and can open or close in ...
... The role of Ion channels The ion channels can be of 2 main types: 1. Leak channels: Include ion channels specific for Na+, K+, Cl- etc. As long as the size of the ion is appropriate, the ion will go through them. 2. Gated channels: The gates are part of the protein channel and can open or close in ...
Neurons and Functional Neuroanatomy
... The action potential moves down the length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
... The action potential moves down the length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
Nervous System
... b) At the same time, potassium channels open, and K+ diffuse outward causing repolarization. repolarization c) This rapid change in potential is called an action potential. d) Many action potentials can occur before an active transport mechanism reestablishes the original resting potential. ...
... b) At the same time, potassium channels open, and K+ diffuse outward causing repolarization. repolarization c) This rapid change in potential is called an action potential. d) Many action potentials can occur before an active transport mechanism reestablishes the original resting potential. ...
The Nerve Impulse
... -in the resting membrane excess + ions accumulate along the outside of the membrane, while excess - ions accumulate along the inside of the membrane, The membrane is polarized. - this separation of charges gives the nerve cell membrane the potential to do work. -upon excitation, the nerve cell memb ...
... -in the resting membrane excess + ions accumulate along the outside of the membrane, while excess - ions accumulate along the inside of the membrane, The membrane is polarized. - this separation of charges gives the nerve cell membrane the potential to do work. -upon excitation, the nerve cell memb ...
Nervous system - Lancaster High School
... Neurons are not stimulated, not transmitting signals 1. Fixed anions Proteins, carbohydrates & nucleic acids More abundant inside 2. Sodium/potassium pump ...
... Neurons are not stimulated, not transmitting signals 1. Fixed anions Proteins, carbohydrates & nucleic acids More abundant inside 2. Sodium/potassium pump ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
... further from threshold and during which a larger than normal stimulus is required to generate an action potential. At the same time, not all the voltage-gated Na+-channels have reverted to the voltage-sensitive configuration. Thus, even though there are enough voltage-responsive channels to support ...
... further from threshold and during which a larger than normal stimulus is required to generate an action potential. At the same time, not all the voltage-gated Na+-channels have reverted to the voltage-sensitive configuration. Thus, even though there are enough voltage-responsive channels to support ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.