Unit 3-2 Nervous System Pt 2 Notes File
... K + rushes out of cell (exits) Outgoing of K + causes repolarization (inside less pos = more neg) 3. Hyperpolarization - period for restablishing resting membrane potential & ion concentrations i. Voltage-gated Na+ channels resets ii. Voltage-gated K + channels still open but close eventually ii ...
... K + rushes out of cell (exits) Outgoing of K + causes repolarization (inside less pos = more neg) 3. Hyperpolarization - period for restablishing resting membrane potential & ion concentrations i. Voltage-gated Na+ channels resets ii. Voltage-gated K + channels still open but close eventually ii ...
(friendship) of neurons
... depolarizing the cell membrane and K expulsion repolarizing it. Spike “moves” as depolarization propagates down axon ...
... depolarizing the cell membrane and K expulsion repolarizing it. Spike “moves” as depolarization propagates down axon ...
chapt12 neuron_lecture
... mechanisms for producing electrical potentials & currents – electrical potential - difference in concentration of charged particles between different parts of the cell – electrical current - flow of charged particles from one point to another within the cell • Living cells are polarized – resting me ...
... mechanisms for producing electrical potentials & currents – electrical potential - difference in concentration of charged particles between different parts of the cell – electrical current - flow of charged particles from one point to another within the cell • Living cells are polarized – resting me ...
Chapter 48 – Nervous Systems
... 7) Explain why the membrane potential of a resting neuron is typically around –60 to –80 mV. 8) Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9) Describe the characteristics of an action potential. Explain the role of voltage-gated channels in this process. 10) ...
... 7) Explain why the membrane potential of a resting neuron is typically around –60 to –80 mV. 8) Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9) Describe the characteristics of an action potential. Explain the role of voltage-gated channels in this process. 10) ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
... a signal along an axon Sodium channels open once threshold is reached, influx of sodium ...
... a signal along an axon Sodium channels open once threshold is reached, influx of sodium ...
Chapter 48 – Nervous Systems
... 7) Explain why the membrane potential of a resting neuron is typically around –60 to –80 mV. 8) Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9) Describe the characteristics of an action potential. Explain the role of voltage-gated channels in this process. 10) ...
... 7) Explain why the membrane potential of a resting neuron is typically around –60 to –80 mV. 8) Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9) Describe the characteristics of an action potential. Explain the role of voltage-gated channels in this process. 10) ...
Psych 11Nervous System Overview
... Step 4: Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft (a very short distance) and bind to receptor proteins on the postsynaptic membrane. Excitatory neurotransmitters cause sodium ions to move through receptor proteins depolarizing the membrane. Inhibitory neurotransmitters do not depolarize ...
... Step 4: Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft (a very short distance) and bind to receptor proteins on the postsynaptic membrane. Excitatory neurotransmitters cause sodium ions to move through receptor proteins depolarizing the membrane. Inhibitory neurotransmitters do not depolarize ...
Unit 8 Nervous System
... Fluid-filled space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons Prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next Transmission across the synaptic cleft Is a chemical event that involves the release, diffusion, and binding of neurotransmitters that ensures unid ...
... Fluid-filled space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons Prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next Transmission across the synaptic cleft Is a chemical event that involves the release, diffusion, and binding of neurotransmitters that ensures unid ...
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue
... • All-or-none principal = with stimulation, either happens one specific way or not at all (lasts 1/1000 of a second) • Travels (spreads) over surface of cell without dying out ...
... • All-or-none principal = with stimulation, either happens one specific way or not at all (lasts 1/1000 of a second) • Travels (spreads) over surface of cell without dying out ...
Membrane channels and pumps
... which should be transported • Protein must exist in two conformations • Binding sites must have different affinities in the two ...
... which should be transported • Protein must exist in two conformations • Binding sites must have different affinities in the two ...
4-6_SynTransRecycofNeurotrans_KotekZs
... 1.Synthesis and storage: Neurotransmitters must be synthesizes and stored invesicles,so that when an action potential arrives at the nerve ending, the cell is ready to pass it along to the next neuron. There are two main cathegories of neurotransmitters: small-molecule neurotransmitters, synthesised ...
... 1.Synthesis and storage: Neurotransmitters must be synthesizes and stored invesicles,so that when an action potential arrives at the nerve ending, the cell is ready to pass it along to the next neuron. There are two main cathegories of neurotransmitters: small-molecule neurotransmitters, synthesised ...
Nervous System I
... The second action potential causes neighboring Vg Na+ channels to open, again depolarizing the adjacent region. Again, Na+ diffuses to adjacent region, causing it to depolarize to threshold. ...
... The second action potential causes neighboring Vg Na+ channels to open, again depolarizing the adjacent region. Again, Na+ diffuses to adjacent region, causing it to depolarize to threshold. ...
Ch45--Neurons and Nervous Systems v2015
... Action potential propagates wave = nerve impulse, or action potential brain finger tips in milliseconds! ...
... Action potential propagates wave = nerve impulse, or action potential brain finger tips in milliseconds! ...
The Nervous System - Linn-Benton Community College
... channels regenerate the action potential at each point along the axon, so voltage does not decay. Conduction is slow because movements of ions and of the gates of channel proteins take time and must occur before voltage regeneration occurs. Stimulus Myelin sheath ...
... channels regenerate the action potential at each point along the axon, so voltage does not decay. Conduction is slow because movements of ions and of the gates of channel proteins take time and must occur before voltage regeneration occurs. Stimulus Myelin sheath ...
Your Name Here______________________________
... For items 25 - 29 in Figure 2, choose the best answer from the following list and mark its corresponding letter ...
... For items 25 - 29 in Figure 2, choose the best answer from the following list and mark its corresponding letter ...
File
... that allow for a slow leakage of ions down their concentration gradients. K+ leaks out about 50x faster than Na+ leaks in promotion of negative resting potential (there are very few of these ‘open’ channels compared to the soon-to-be-mentioned ‘gates’ that open during an action potential). The pum ...
... that allow for a slow leakage of ions down their concentration gradients. K+ leaks out about 50x faster than Na+ leaks in promotion of negative resting potential (there are very few of these ‘open’ channels compared to the soon-to-be-mentioned ‘gates’ that open during an action potential). The pum ...
The Nervous System : communication
... inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one end of a nerve by the binding of neu ...
... inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one end of a nerve by the binding of neu ...
phys Learning Objectives Chapter 5 [10-31
... There is only one gate on this channel, on the inner surface of the membrane. During the resting state, this gate is closed. When membrane potential rises from -90mV toward zero, it causes a conformational opening of the gate that allows increased potassium diffusion outward through the channel. The ...
... There is only one gate on this channel, on the inner surface of the membrane. During the resting state, this gate is closed. When membrane potential rises from -90mV toward zero, it causes a conformational opening of the gate that allows increased potassium diffusion outward through the channel. The ...
Ch 4: Synaptic Transmission
... APs are generated & conducted via voltageactivated ion channels When the threshold of excitation is hit, the voltage-activated Na+ channels open & Na+ rushes in The Na+ influx causes the membrane potential to spike to +50mV This triggers the voltage-gated K+ channels to open & K+ flows out After 1ms ...
... APs are generated & conducted via voltageactivated ion channels When the threshold of excitation is hit, the voltage-activated Na+ channels open & Na+ rushes in The Na+ influx causes the membrane potential to spike to +50mV This triggers the voltage-gated K+ channels to open & K+ flows out After 1ms ...
Ch 2 lec 3
... • Actions are reliant on activation of G-proteins located in the internal membrane of the postsynaptic cell ...
... • Actions are reliant on activation of G-proteins located in the internal membrane of the postsynaptic cell ...
Module 9 - Moline High School
... • Fiber that communicates the signal down the neuron and away from the cell body ...
... • Fiber that communicates the signal down the neuron and away from the cell body ...
Chapter - Heartland Community College
... most tissues (bone, skin, etc.) and most will grow back together. However, in a cut through an appendage nerve, it is currently very difficult to reconnect what are primarily severed _______. 14. Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential? A. It can be produced by an el ...
... most tissues (bone, skin, etc.) and most will grow back together. However, in a cut through an appendage nerve, it is currently very difficult to reconnect what are primarily severed _______. 14. Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential? A. It can be produced by an el ...
4-5_Chem_postsyn_KolozsvariB
... cleft, the narrow space between the membranes of the pre- and postsynaptic cells. The neurotransmitter diffuses within the cleft. Some of it escapes, but some of it binds to chemical receptor molecules located on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, the opposite side of the synaptic gap. Receptors ...
... cleft, the narrow space between the membranes of the pre- and postsynaptic cells. The neurotransmitter diffuses within the cleft. Some of it escapes, but some of it binds to chemical receptor molecules located on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, the opposite side of the synaptic gap. Receptors ...
Lecture 048 - Neurons and Nervous Systems
... protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
... protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.