The neuron Label the following terms: Soma Axon terminal Axon
... 15. Efferent Neurons 16. Axon Terminal 17. Stimulus 18. Refractory Period 19. Schwann 20. Nodes of Ranvier 21. Acetylcholine ...
... 15. Efferent Neurons 16. Axon Terminal 17. Stimulus 18. Refractory Period 19. Schwann 20. Nodes of Ranvier 21. Acetylcholine ...
Ch 35 PowerPoint - Damien Rutkoski
... An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment. Once it begins, the impulse travels down the axon rapidly and away from the cell body. The flow of positive charges into one region of the axon causes the membrane just ahead of it to open up and let positive char ...
... An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment. Once it begins, the impulse travels down the axon rapidly and away from the cell body. The flow of positive charges into one region of the axon causes the membrane just ahead of it to open up and let positive char ...
Student Guide Chapter 11
... a. Graded potentials occurring on receptors of sensory neurons are called receptor potentials, or generator potentials. b. Graded potentials occurring in response to a neurotransmitter released from another neuron is called a postsynaptic potential. 5. Action potentials, or nerve impulses, occur on ...
... a. Graded potentials occurring on receptors of sensory neurons are called receptor potentials, or generator potentials. b. Graded potentials occurring in response to a neurotransmitter released from another neuron is called a postsynaptic potential. 5. Action potentials, or nerve impulses, occur on ...
Nervous System
... More Na+ leave the cell than K+ enter. Charge difference of -70mv across membrane Inside of axon is negative compared to the outside. ...
... More Na+ leave the cell than K+ enter. Charge difference of -70mv across membrane Inside of axon is negative compared to the outside. ...
KEY WORDS/
... conjunction with how particles would normally go based on concentration. So, use pumps to get them to the correct side. ATP required to force them through. 2. Bulk Tranport: ...
... conjunction with how particles would normally go based on concentration. So, use pumps to get them to the correct side. ATP required to force them through. 2. Bulk Tranport: ...
The Neuron - University of Connecticut
... -70 mV by pushing positive ions out (actually K+ because Na+ goes out slower; then ANOTHER pump takes Na+ back out and puts K+ back in) ...
... -70 mV by pushing positive ions out (actually K+ because Na+ goes out slower; then ANOTHER pump takes Na+ back out and puts K+ back in) ...
Document
... Integration of EPSPs (depolarization) and ISPSs (hyperpolarization) occurs on the neuronal cell body -Small EPSPs add together to bring the membrane potential closer to the threshold -IPSPs subtract from the depolarizing effect of EPSPs -And will therefore deter the membrane potential from reaching ...
... Integration of EPSPs (depolarization) and ISPSs (hyperpolarization) occurs on the neuronal cell body -Small EPSPs add together to bring the membrane potential closer to the threshold -IPSPs subtract from the depolarizing effect of EPSPs -And will therefore deter the membrane potential from reaching ...
Chapter 8 - Nervous Pre-Test
... B. partly results from the sodium-potassium exchange pump. C. occurs because the cell membrane remains polarized at rest. D. occurs because there are negatively charged proteins and ions inside the cell. E. has all of these contributing factors. ...
... B. partly results from the sodium-potassium exchange pump. C. occurs because the cell membrane remains polarized at rest. D. occurs because there are negatively charged proteins and ions inside the cell. E. has all of these contributing factors. ...
Bio 3411 Problem Set 9 Name: (Due Monday, November 28th 2011
... 5. You are studying the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and make the follow recordings of action potentials in the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical stimulation of the motor neuron under control conditions. Sketch what you predict your recordings will look like under the ...
... 5. You are studying the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and make the follow recordings of action potentials in the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical stimulation of the motor neuron under control conditions. Sketch what you predict your recordings will look like under the ...
MEDIA REVIEW Neurons In Action: Computer Simulations with
... NEURON, a powerful simulation environment that models neurons based on the equations that describe their behavior. Using NEURON, Moore and Stuart created the seventeen tutorials that make up Neurons in Action. These tutorials vary in their level of complexity and can be used to teach neurophysiology ...
... NEURON, a powerful simulation environment that models neurons based on the equations that describe their behavior. Using NEURON, Moore and Stuart created the seventeen tutorials that make up Neurons in Action. These tutorials vary in their level of complexity and can be used to teach neurophysiology ...
CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURE AND CELL BIOLOGY OF THE NEURON
... There are ions (electrically charged chemical substances) both inside and outside the neuron. An ion is an electrically charged chemical substance such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), or chloride (Cl-). Ions are present in the extracellular space outside the neuron and in the intrac ...
... There are ions (electrically charged chemical substances) both inside and outside the neuron. An ion is an electrically charged chemical substance such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), or chloride (Cl-). Ions are present in the extracellular space outside the neuron and in the intrac ...
Histology of Nervous Tissue
... Graded Potentials • Voltage change due to ion flow through chemically (ligand) or mechanically gated channels • Amount of voltage change (graded) dependent on # of gates open at one time and how long – Change is localized (not conducted) – Change may be depolarization or hyperpolarization • Usually ...
... Graded Potentials • Voltage change due to ion flow through chemically (ligand) or mechanically gated channels • Amount of voltage change (graded) dependent on # of gates open at one time and how long – Change is localized (not conducted) – Change may be depolarization or hyperpolarization • Usually ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... • Graded Graded potentials o Incoming short-distance signals o Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential o Depolarizations or hyperpolarizations o Graded potential spreads as local currents change the membrane potential of adjacent regions ...
... • Graded Graded potentials o Incoming short-distance signals o Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential o Depolarizations or hyperpolarizations o Graded potential spreads as local currents change the membrane potential of adjacent regions ...
Pacemaking cells
... • Unlike skeletal muscles, cardiac contractile muscles have special slow Ca2+ channels that lie primarily in T-tubules • These voltage gated channels open causing the plateau phase of cardiac action potential • Calcium entry from ECF in cardiac cells induces a much larger Ca2+ release from the sarco ...
... • Unlike skeletal muscles, cardiac contractile muscles have special slow Ca2+ channels that lie primarily in T-tubules • These voltage gated channels open causing the plateau phase of cardiac action potential • Calcium entry from ECF in cardiac cells induces a much larger Ca2+ release from the sarco ...
The Nervous System - Plain Local Schools
... • Sodium and potassium ions follow the laws of diffusion and show mvmt from high to low concentration as permeability permits • The difference in electrical charge between two regions is called a potential difference and in a resting nerve cell this is called resting potential • When permeability c ...
... • Sodium and potassium ions follow the laws of diffusion and show mvmt from high to low concentration as permeability permits • The difference in electrical charge between two regions is called a potential difference and in a resting nerve cell this is called resting potential • When permeability c ...
File - Wk 1-2
... and becomes positive, the positive intracellular charge resists further Na⁺ entry. Also the slow inactivation gates of the Na⁺ channels begin to close after a few milliseconds of depolarisation therefore the membrane permeability to Na⁺ declines to resting levels, and then it completely stops. The A ...
... and becomes positive, the positive intracellular charge resists further Na⁺ entry. Also the slow inactivation gates of the Na⁺ channels begin to close after a few milliseconds of depolarisation therefore the membrane permeability to Na⁺ declines to resting levels, and then it completely stops. The A ...
File - kilbane science
... Synaptic transmission involves passage of an impulse from one neuron to another through the synaptic cleft. When an action potential reaches a synapse at the end of an axon, it causes the membrane there to depolarize. This results in Ca2+ voltage-gated channels there to open, allowing Ca2+ to diffu ...
... Synaptic transmission involves passage of an impulse from one neuron to another through the synaptic cleft. When an action potential reaches a synapse at the end of an axon, it causes the membrane there to depolarize. This results in Ca2+ voltage-gated channels there to open, allowing Ca2+ to diffu ...
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
... Gross Electrical Activity of the Human Brain • An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of brain potentials, or brain waves. – patterns of activity from large areas of the brain • measure electrical activity from more than 100,000 neurons ...
... Gross Electrical Activity of the Human Brain • An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of brain potentials, or brain waves. – patterns of activity from large areas of the brain • measure electrical activity from more than 100,000 neurons ...
neurons - haltliappsych
... discharged. It takes about onethousandth of a second for a neuron to fire an impulse and return to its resting level. A maximum of 1,000 nerve impulses per second is possible. However, firing rates of 1 per second to 300-400 per second are more typical. ...
... discharged. It takes about onethousandth of a second for a neuron to fire an impulse and return to its resting level. A maximum of 1,000 nerve impulses per second is possible. However, firing rates of 1 per second to 300-400 per second are more typical. ...
Module 36 Chapter 110 Essentials of Understanding Psychology
... Terminal Buttons – bulge at end of axon containing neurotransmitters ...
... Terminal Buttons – bulge at end of axon containing neurotransmitters ...
Chapter 34
... More complex reflex arc: 3 neurons- a sensory, a motor, and an interneuron or association neuron Sensory neuron transmits an impulse to the interneuron in the spinal cord which sends one impulse to the brain for processing and also one to the motor neuron to effect change immediately (at the muscle) ...
... More complex reflex arc: 3 neurons- a sensory, a motor, and an interneuron or association neuron Sensory neuron transmits an impulse to the interneuron in the spinal cord which sends one impulse to the brain for processing and also one to the motor neuron to effect change immediately (at the muscle) ...
31.1 The Neuron
... • The nervous system records sensory data from the body’s external and internal conditions, sends that information to the Central Nervous System for processing and then responds to the stimuli. ...
... • The nervous system records sensory data from the body’s external and internal conditions, sends that information to the Central Nervous System for processing and then responds to the stimuli. ...
axonal terminals
... • Each neuron has a threshold level — the point at which there's no holding back. After the stimulus goes above the threshold level, more gated ion channels open and allow more Na+ inside the cell. This causes complete depolarization of the neuron and an action potential is created. In this state, t ...
... • Each neuron has a threshold level — the point at which there's no holding back. After the stimulus goes above the threshold level, more gated ion channels open and allow more Na+ inside the cell. This causes complete depolarization of the neuron and an action potential is created. In this state, t ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.