Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... hopper was illuminated for 3 or 4 seconds (depending on the animal), and, provided food access during that interval with probability p, with p ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. On the other fraction of trials 1–p, the food hopper was illuminated for the same time but the food hopper was not activated (‘S+ fo ...
... hopper was illuminated for 3 or 4 seconds (depending on the animal), and, provided food access during that interval with probability p, with p ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. On the other fraction of trials 1–p, the food hopper was illuminated for the same time but the food hopper was not activated (‘S+ fo ...
Chapter 11
... surrounding long nerve fibers Protects and insulates the fibers Increases transmission rate of ...
... surrounding long nerve fibers Protects and insulates the fibers Increases transmission rate of ...
Purinergic signaling in acupuncture
... ATP, “purinergic signaling” (since ATP is a purine nucleotide), and formulated the purinergic signaling hypothesis (2). In 2009, Burnstock proposed that purinergic signaling could be involved in the physiological mechanisms mediating acupuncture effects. This hypothesis suggested that mechanical def ...
... ATP, “purinergic signaling” (since ATP is a purine nucleotide), and formulated the purinergic signaling hypothesis (2). In 2009, Burnstock proposed that purinergic signaling could be involved in the physiological mechanisms mediating acupuncture effects. This hypothesis suggested that mechanical def ...
ANS.Neuroscience.09
... • All visceral reflexes are polysynaptic. • The simplest visceral reflex arc consists of: 1. a receptor 2. a sensory neuron 3. an interneuron, & 4. Two motor neurons (pre- & postganglionic) • Long reflexes: processed in CNS, similar to polysynaptic somatic reflex • Short reflexes : bypass CNS entir ...
... • All visceral reflexes are polysynaptic. • The simplest visceral reflex arc consists of: 1. a receptor 2. a sensory neuron 3. an interneuron, & 4. Two motor neurons (pre- & postganglionic) • Long reflexes: processed in CNS, similar to polysynaptic somatic reflex • Short reflexes : bypass CNS entir ...
PDF
... grafts express genes encoding glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and release these peptides in concentrations well within their trophic ranges for motor neurons (Xu et al., 2006). In the present experiments, we explore whether human NSC grafts ...
... grafts express genes encoding glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and release these peptides in concentrations well within their trophic ranges for motor neurons (Xu et al., 2006). In the present experiments, we explore whether human NSC grafts ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... 2014). This model consisted of a neural motif with an excitatory population, an inhibitory population, and a simple time periodic input. Following this work, the first building block of our model is an excitatory population coupled to an inhibitory one, and we require that the activity of the excita ...
... 2014). This model consisted of a neural motif with an excitatory population, an inhibitory population, and a simple time periodic input. Following this work, the first building block of our model is an excitatory population coupled to an inhibitory one, and we require that the activity of the excita ...
Chapter 3
... • The components of the brain interact to receive sensory input, integrate and store the information, and transmit motor responses. • To accomplish the primary functions of the nervous system there are neural pathways to transmit impulses from receptors to the circuitry of the brain, which manipulat ...
... • The components of the brain interact to receive sensory input, integrate and store the information, and transmit motor responses. • To accomplish the primary functions of the nervous system there are neural pathways to transmit impulses from receptors to the circuitry of the brain, which manipulat ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Recognition
... output signals along its axon. The axon branches out and connects via synapses to dendrites of other neurons. When the combination of input signals reaches some threshold condition among its input dendrites, the neuron is triggered and its activation is communicated to successor neurons. In the neur ...
... output signals along its axon. The axon branches out and connects via synapses to dendrites of other neurons. When the combination of input signals reaches some threshold condition among its input dendrites, the neuron is triggered and its activation is communicated to successor neurons. In the neur ...
motor pathways i-iii
... These are neurons that exist at a higher level of the CNS and give rise to pathways ending on the LMNs. The concept is that the LMNs are regulated by the UMNs. The UMNs include: 1. Cerebral cortex a) Influences the LMNs by way of descending pathways. b) Descending pathways are referred to as the “py ...
... These are neurons that exist at a higher level of the CNS and give rise to pathways ending on the LMNs. The concept is that the LMNs are regulated by the UMNs. The UMNs include: 1. Cerebral cortex a) Influences the LMNs by way of descending pathways. b) Descending pathways are referred to as the “py ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... Neurons in the gracile nucleus of the camel brain stem were studied by Golgi method. Neurons were classified based on soma size and shape, density of dendritic tree, morphology and distribution of appendages. Six types of neurons were identified. Type I neurons had very large somata with appendages ...
... Neurons in the gracile nucleus of the camel brain stem were studied by Golgi method. Neurons were classified based on soma size and shape, density of dendritic tree, morphology and distribution of appendages. Six types of neurons were identified. Type I neurons had very large somata with appendages ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... can be highly selective to faces and other objects (e.g., Kendrick and Baldwin, 1987; Quiroga, et al. 2005). However, those promoting the usefulness of sparse representations are not proposing that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of e ...
... can be highly selective to faces and other objects (e.g., Kendrick and Baldwin, 1987; Quiroga, et al. 2005). However, those promoting the usefulness of sparse representations are not proposing that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of e ...
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional
... that there are separate motor paths for controlling limb muscles (especially distal muscles serving the hand or foot) and axial/proximal muscles. Identifying the locations of motor neurons innervating these different sets of muscles provides a framework of understanding this dual organization. Limb ...
... that there are separate motor paths for controlling limb muscles (especially distal muscles serving the hand or foot) and axial/proximal muscles. Identifying the locations of motor neurons innervating these different sets of muscles provides a framework of understanding this dual organization. Limb ...
22_LectureSlides
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
NAlab08_DescMotor
... that there are separate motor paths for controlling limb muscles (especially distal muscles serving the hand or foot) and axial/proximal muscles. Identifying the locations of motor neurons innervating these different sets of muscles provides a framework of understanding this dual organization. Limb ...
... that there are separate motor paths for controlling limb muscles (especially distal muscles serving the hand or foot) and axial/proximal muscles. Identifying the locations of motor neurons innervating these different sets of muscles provides a framework of understanding this dual organization. Limb ...
Systems memory consolidation in Drosophila
... acquisition and shortly afterwards, but not during retrieval [24,25]. a0 /b0 neurons play a key role in encoding the memory trace and in its early stabilization, but are not the site of storage because transmission is dispensable during retrieval. By contrast, output from the combination of a/b and ...
... acquisition and shortly afterwards, but not during retrieval [24,25]. a0 /b0 neurons play a key role in encoding the memory trace and in its early stabilization, but are not the site of storage because transmission is dispensable during retrieval. By contrast, output from the combination of a/b and ...
Simulating the Fröhlich Effect of Motion Misperception as a Result... Attentional Modulation in the Visual System
... After describing the model, we tried to simulate basic properties of the Fröhlich effect. We showed that a misperception only occurred with moving and not with stationary stimuli. Additionally, the main effects for motion direction, stimulus eccentricity and stimulus velocity could be simulated. Nev ...
... After describing the model, we tried to simulate basic properties of the Fröhlich effect. We showed that a misperception only occurred with moving and not with stationary stimuli. Additionally, the main effects for motion direction, stimulus eccentricity and stimulus velocity could be simulated. Nev ...
news release - Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
... Scientists studying neural development aim to provide insight into the mechanisms that build our nervous system, which contains networks of specialized cells called neurons. Neurons send signals to one another and compute appropriate responses to sensory stimuli. “For example, neural circuits enable ...
... Scientists studying neural development aim to provide insight into the mechanisms that build our nervous system, which contains networks of specialized cells called neurons. Neurons send signals to one another and compute appropriate responses to sensory stimuli. “For example, neural circuits enable ...