Transport Across Cell Membrane - Bioenergetics and Cell Metabolism
... These are exemplified by two ionophores (ion carriers produced by microorganisms): valinomycin (a carrier) gramicidin (a channel). ...
... These are exemplified by two ionophores (ion carriers produced by microorganisms): valinomycin (a carrier) gramicidin (a channel). ...
physiology (lec 3)
... regulatory proteins & initiates NT exocytosis. NTs diffuse across the synaptic cleft and then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and initiate some sort of response on the postsynaptic cell. ...
... regulatory proteins & initiates NT exocytosis. NTs diffuse across the synaptic cleft and then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and initiate some sort of response on the postsynaptic cell. ...
Structure-activity Relationships in Flexible Protein Domains
... physiological role of the interaction of RhoGDI with the GTP-bound form of a GTPase remains to be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms which are unable to effectively interact with G ...
... physiological role of the interaction of RhoGDI with the GTP-bound form of a GTPase remains to be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms which are unable to effectively interact with G ...
Lipid II: A central component in bacterial cell wall synthesis and a
... helical domains of membrane proteins themselves catalyze transport with single-spanning proteins, being more efficient than multispanning proteins [18,19]. This model was proposed for all biogenic membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum, which show very similar characteristics for transmembran ...
... helical domains of membrane proteins themselves catalyze transport with single-spanning proteins, being more efficient than multispanning proteins [18,19]. This model was proposed for all biogenic membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum, which show very similar characteristics for transmembran ...
Lehninger ch10
... Different organisms have different membrane lipid head group compositions Different tissues have different membrane lipid head group compositions ...
... Different organisms have different membrane lipid head group compositions Different tissues have different membrane lipid head group compositions ...
Recent advances in technology for measuring and manipulating cell
... enhancement was that the metal ion decreased the pKa of the YFP, so that at appropriate intermediate pH values, metal binding mimicked alkalinification in enhancing chromophore deprotonation and fluorescence. The YFP with CaM insertion (“Camgaroo”) was functional as an intracellular Ca2+ indicator t ...
... enhancement was that the metal ion decreased the pKa of the YFP, so that at appropriate intermediate pH values, metal binding mimicked alkalinification in enhancing chromophore deprotonation and fluorescence. The YFP with CaM insertion (“Camgaroo”) was functional as an intracellular Ca2+ indicator t ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains with distinct lipid and protein composition. This was first observed in epithelial cells in which the lipid composition of the apical and basal membranes was shown to be distinctly di ...
... the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains with distinct lipid and protein composition. This was first observed in epithelial cells in which the lipid composition of the apical and basal membranes was shown to be distinctly di ...
Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra
... large protruding particles that exhibit two sub-domains (arrowheads). A small number of similar particles are seen in the surrounding stroma membrane area (arrowheads). The large dimeric particles in the ESs region correspond to the lumenal domains of the dimeric PS II complexes that protrude into t ...
... large protruding particles that exhibit two sub-domains (arrowheads). A small number of similar particles are seen in the surrounding stroma membrane area (arrowheads). The large dimeric particles in the ESs region correspond to the lumenal domains of the dimeric PS II complexes that protrude into t ...
PDF
... (aaRSs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent esterification of amino acids to the 3′ acceptor end of cognate tRNAs (Ibba and Soll, 2000). Cells generally count with a set of twenty aaRSs, each one specific for its cognate amino acid. According to structural and conservation criteria, ...
... (aaRSs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent esterification of amino acids to the 3′ acceptor end of cognate tRNAs (Ibba and Soll, 2000). Cells generally count with a set of twenty aaRSs, each one specific for its cognate amino acid. According to structural and conservation criteria, ...
the peroxisomal endomembrane system and the role of the ER
... model yeast organism, S. cerevisiae, the entire ER acts as tER, facilitating the budding of COPII-coated vesicles (Rossanese et al., 1999). In contrast, the tER of mammalian cells is organized into discrete ER export sites (Hammond and Glick, 2000). It is therefore possible that by segregating a dis ...
... model yeast organism, S. cerevisiae, the entire ER acts as tER, facilitating the budding of COPII-coated vesicles (Rossanese et al., 1999). In contrast, the tER of mammalian cells is organized into discrete ER export sites (Hammond and Glick, 2000). It is therefore possible that by segregating a dis ...
Two dileucine motifs mediate late endosomal/lysosomal targeting of
... as dileucine motifs of the [DE]XXXL[LI] type, which function as lysosomal-targeting signals at the TGN, are usually found in close proximity to a transmembrane segment and are separated by six to nine residues from the membrane [7,8]. Whereas single-pass transmembrane proteins often rely on a single ...
... as dileucine motifs of the [DE]XXXL[LI] type, which function as lysosomal-targeting signals at the TGN, are usually found in close proximity to a transmembrane segment and are separated by six to nine residues from the membrane [7,8]. Whereas single-pass transmembrane proteins often rely on a single ...
Plant and Soil
... Plasma membrane H+ -ATPases: an overview Plasma membrane H+ -ATPases of plants and fungi are composed of a single catalytic polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight of 100 kDa that is phosphorylated and dephosphorylated during its catalytic cycle (Briskin and Hanson, 1992; Serrano, 1989). Th ...
... Plasma membrane H+ -ATPases: an overview Plasma membrane H+ -ATPases of plants and fungi are composed of a single catalytic polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight of 100 kDa that is phosphorylated and dephosphorylated during its catalytic cycle (Briskin and Hanson, 1992; Serrano, 1989). Th ...
Vps41 Phosphorylation and the Rab Ypt7 Control the Targeting of
... that the vacuolar casein kinase Yck3 regulates vacuole biogenesis via phosphorylation of the HOPS subunit Vps41. Here, we link the identified Vps41 phosphorylation site to HOPS function at the endosome–vacuole fusion site. The nonphosphorylated Vps41 mutant (Vps41 S-A) accumulates together with othe ...
... that the vacuolar casein kinase Yck3 regulates vacuole biogenesis via phosphorylation of the HOPS subunit Vps41. Here, we link the identified Vps41 phosphorylation site to HOPS function at the endosome–vacuole fusion site. The nonphosphorylated Vps41 mutant (Vps41 S-A) accumulates together with othe ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... 1. The differential permeability of the membrane to the ions. The membrane is most permeable to K+ and Cl-, and last permeable to negatively charged protein ions. 2. The action of sodium-potassium pumps that continually exchange three Na+ ions inside the neuron for two K+ ions outside of the neuron. ...
... 1. The differential permeability of the membrane to the ions. The membrane is most permeable to K+ and Cl-, and last permeable to negatively charged protein ions. 2. The action of sodium-potassium pumps that continually exchange three Na+ ions inside the neuron for two K+ ions outside of the neuron. ...
pMAL FAQs
... 20. Factor Xa seems to be cleaving my protein at several sites, even though the protein does not contain any IEGR sequences. The specificity of Factor Xa reported here is as referenced in Nagai and Thøgersen (1987). The basis for this specificity is that the natural Factor Xa sites in prothrombin ar ...
... 20. Factor Xa seems to be cleaving my protein at several sites, even though the protein does not contain any IEGR sequences. The specificity of Factor Xa reported here is as referenced in Nagai and Thøgersen (1987). The basis for this specificity is that the natural Factor Xa sites in prothrombin ar ...
Concentration Dependent Different Action of Tamoxifen on
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
Lipid Characterization of an Enriched Plasma Membrane
... must also enable the cell to sense changes in the surrounding osmotic conditions so that it can adjust its internal glycerol concentration to achieve osmotic equilibrium. We have adapted an aqueous two-phase system (19) that allows us to purify D. salina plasma membrane more quickly and completely t ...
... must also enable the cell to sense changes in the surrounding osmotic conditions so that it can adjust its internal glycerol concentration to achieve osmotic equilibrium. We have adapted an aqueous two-phase system (19) that allows us to purify D. salina plasma membrane more quickly and completely t ...
Ionic Basis of Action Potentials
... does have a significant influence on the amplitude and rise time of an action potential • The rate of repolarization is too fast to be explained by just the re-establishment of the resting membrane potential by “leak” type K+ channels suggesting a more active process ...
... does have a significant influence on the amplitude and rise time of an action potential • The rate of repolarization is too fast to be explained by just the re-establishment of the resting membrane potential by “leak” type K+ channels suggesting a more active process ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... is a molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate-linked head group. Cholesterol, another lipid composed of four fused carbon rings, is found alongside the phospholipids in the core of the membrane. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane va ...
... is a molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate-linked head group. Cholesterol, another lipid composed of four fused carbon rings, is found alongside the phospholipids in the core of the membrane. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane va ...
Chapter # PLASMA MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID ASYMMETRY
... membrane biogenesis. Most of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of phospholipids and their subsequent turnover are located at sites accessible to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. Evidence for this has come from various approaches including the action of regulatory factors like c-Fos. cFos ...
... membrane biogenesis. Most of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of phospholipids and their subsequent turnover are located at sites accessible to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. Evidence for this has come from various approaches including the action of regulatory factors like c-Fos. cFos ...
the Sec7 family of guanine-nucleotide- exchange factors
... BIG1 and BIG2. A third yeast Sec7-domain protein, Syt1p, shares little sequence similarity with members of either of these classes and so it is possible that it represents a third distinct class20. No higher-eukaryotic homologues of Syt1p have yet been identified. The S. cerevisiae Gea1p and Gea2p p ...
... BIG1 and BIG2. A third yeast Sec7-domain protein, Syt1p, shares little sequence similarity with members of either of these classes and so it is possible that it represents a third distinct class20. No higher-eukaryotic homologues of Syt1p have yet been identified. The S. cerevisiae Gea1p and Gea2p p ...
Glucose Induces Lipolytic Cleavage of a Glycolipidic Plasma
... cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in both lower and higher eucaryotes, we examined if the cAMP-binding protein is involved in nutritional signaling. We tested if a change of the nutritional situation of yeast cells results in the cleavage of a GPI anchor in a ...
... cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in both lower and higher eucaryotes, we examined if the cAMP-binding protein is involved in nutritional signaling. We tested if a change of the nutritional situation of yeast cells results in the cleavage of a GPI anchor in a ...
The temperature effect during pulse application on cell membrane
... fluidity of studied cell lines differs, being less fluid in B16F1 than in V79 due to higher proportion of less fluid domain type 3 and higher order parameters of domain types 2 and 3 (Fig. 2). The morphology and size of the cells did not depend on temperature (Fig. 3). Fig. 3 also shows that the averag ...
... fluidity of studied cell lines differs, being less fluid in B16F1 than in V79 due to higher proportion of less fluid domain type 3 and higher order parameters of domain types 2 and 3 (Fig. 2). The morphology and size of the cells did not depend on temperature (Fig. 3). Fig. 3 also shows that the averag ...
Architectural remodeling of the tonoplast during fluid
... control. These vesicles are unquestionably of vacuolar origin given their red betacyanin content (Fig. 2C and D). The vacuolederived vesicles not only varied in size and number between cells from different beet hypocotyl preparations, but also between cells from the same hypocotyl. Lack of synchrony ...
... control. These vesicles are unquestionably of vacuolar origin given their red betacyanin content (Fig. 2C and D). The vacuolederived vesicles not only varied in size and number between cells from different beet hypocotyl preparations, but also between cells from the same hypocotyl. Lack of synchrony ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.