Viruses and Bacteria
... Figure 2, have a membrane, or envelope, surrounding the capsid. The envelope helps the virus enter cells. It consists of proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins (glie koh PROH teenz), which are proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules that are derived from the host cell. Some viruses also contain s ...
... Figure 2, have a membrane, or envelope, surrounding the capsid. The envelope helps the virus enter cells. It consists of proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins (glie koh PROH teenz), which are proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules that are derived from the host cell. Some viruses also contain s ...
Slide 1
... Non-self replicating Made up of mostly proteins and DNA Bacterial specific Able to infect most group of bacteria Isolated from soil, water, sewage and most bacterial living zones Number of progenies in a cell: 50-200 Inject their genome into host cell • Lytic cycle (virulent) • Lysogenic cycle (temp ...
... Non-self replicating Made up of mostly proteins and DNA Bacterial specific Able to infect most group of bacteria Isolated from soil, water, sewage and most bacterial living zones Number of progenies in a cell: 50-200 Inject their genome into host cell • Lytic cycle (virulent) • Lysogenic cycle (temp ...
B: Chapter 1: Bacteria
... the air, in foods that you eat and drink, and on the surfaces of things you touch. They are even found thousands of meters underground and at great ocean depths. A shovelful of soil contains billions of them. Your skin has about 100,000 bacteria per square centimeter, and millions of other bacteria ...
... the air, in foods that you eat and drink, and on the surfaces of things you touch. They are even found thousands of meters underground and at great ocean depths. A shovelful of soil contains billions of them. Your skin has about 100,000 bacteria per square centimeter, and millions of other bacteria ...
Assignment of ATCC 27377 to Planctomyces staleyi sp. nov. and
... strains belonging to the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group (M. P. Starr and J. M. Schmidt, manuscript in preparation) would be premature (11, 12). Moreover, basing new taxa in this bacterial group (or any other, for that matter) on only one or two strains is not a sound taxonomic practice. However, to ...
... strains belonging to the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group (M. P. Starr and J. M. Schmidt, manuscript in preparation) would be premature (11, 12). Moreover, basing new taxa in this bacterial group (or any other, for that matter) on only one or two strains is not a sound taxonomic practice. However, to ...
Molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents
... [27]. The other less studied mechanism of enzymatic degradation is the hydrolysis of the carbon-phosphorus bond in the epoxide antibiotic fosfomycin. This may be enzymatically achieved by a C-P lyase enzyme complex in many Gramnegative soil bacteria [28]. The second mechanism of antibiotic inactivat ...
... [27]. The other less studied mechanism of enzymatic degradation is the hydrolysis of the carbon-phosphorus bond in the epoxide antibiotic fosfomycin. This may be enzymatically achieved by a C-P lyase enzyme complex in many Gramnegative soil bacteria [28]. The second mechanism of antibiotic inactivat ...
Antimicrobial Peptides
... commonly enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin, are generally neutral in net charge. The presence of sterols such as cholesterol and ergesterol within the membrane may be a further means by which AMPs can distinguish between mammalian or fungal cells a ...
... commonly enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin, are generally neutral in net charge. The presence of sterols such as cholesterol and ergesterol within the membrane may be a further means by which AMPs can distinguish between mammalian or fungal cells a ...
Some effects of Fluoride on the IgA Protease of the Oral Bacterium
... Streptucuccus sanguis is quantitatively one of the most important bacteria of the tooth surface environment. The 1gA protease activity of this organism is believed to reduce susceptibility to the host mucosal defence mechanisms and may also benefit other bacteria colonising the same local microenvir ...
... Streptucuccus sanguis is quantitatively one of the most important bacteria of the tooth surface environment. The 1gA protease activity of this organism is believed to reduce susceptibility to the host mucosal defence mechanisms and may also benefit other bacteria colonising the same local microenvir ...
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF PLASMIDS ENCODING
... Small peptides that fight microbial infection are natural antibiotics that function as part of the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates (Sitaram and Nagaraj, 1999). This system, present since birth, attempts to continually keep microbial infection under control. Antimicrobial peptid ...
... Small peptides that fight microbial infection are natural antibiotics that function as part of the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates (Sitaram and Nagaraj, 1999). This system, present since birth, attempts to continually keep microbial infection under control. Antimicrobial peptid ...
Utilisation of Whey
... Some of them represent the normal antibody components of the cow and are the same as those found in the bloodstream; however, there is a secretory form of IgA which is produced in the mammary gland in response to infectious organisms. From a physiological standpoint, the immunoglobulins are importan ...
... Some of them represent the normal antibody components of the cow and are the same as those found in the bloodstream; however, there is a secretory form of IgA which is produced in the mammary gland in response to infectious organisms. From a physiological standpoint, the immunoglobulins are importan ...
The Urinary Tract
... discovered the bacteria that were causative agents of infantile diarrhea and gastroenteritis (90). Later in 1919, these bacteria were grouped under the genus Escherichia. Most members of this genus colonize the lower intestines of mammals within a few hours after birth as commensals, with E. coli as ...
... discovered the bacteria that were causative agents of infantile diarrhea and gastroenteritis (90). Later in 1919, these bacteria were grouped under the genus Escherichia. Most members of this genus colonize the lower intestines of mammals within a few hours after birth as commensals, with E. coli as ...
ALTERAÇÕES ULTRAESTRUTURAIS EM BACTÉRIAS EXPOSTAS
... AuNPs have emerged as potential alternative antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria16. Since antibiotics became a medication with a broad and indiscriminate use, bacteria developed resistance against most standard antibacterial agents as well as adverse side effects due to hi ...
... AuNPs have emerged as potential alternative antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria16. Since antibiotics became a medication with a broad and indiscriminate use, bacteria developed resistance against most standard antibacterial agents as well as adverse side effects due to hi ...
meningitis
... Q: What is meningitis? A: Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. People sometimes refer to it as spinal meningitis. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Knowing whether meningitis is caused by a virus or bacterium is important ...
... Q: What is meningitis? A: Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. People sometimes refer to it as spinal meningitis. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Knowing whether meningitis is caused by a virus or bacterium is important ...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11e (Madigan/Martinko)
... 32) Nitrifying bacteria develop particularly well in lakes and streams receiving sewage because of the high ammonia content of the sewage. Answer: TRUE 33) Nitrification occurs especially well in an acid environment. Answer: FALSE 34) Pseudomonas pathogens affect only members of the animal kingdom. ...
... 32) Nitrifying bacteria develop particularly well in lakes and streams receiving sewage because of the high ammonia content of the sewage. Answer: TRUE 33) Nitrification occurs especially well in an acid environment. Answer: FALSE 34) Pseudomonas pathogens affect only members of the animal kingdom. ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Classification is the term used when the culture is described by these parameters. When the characterization is made using many or important key parameters, classification may be extensive enough to allow for a tentative identification of the culture, typically to either genus or species level. Such ...
... Classification is the term used when the culture is described by these parameters. When the characterization is made using many or important key parameters, classification may be extensive enough to allow for a tentative identification of the culture, typically to either genus or species level. Such ...
Phage–bacteria infection networks
... are sorted in descending order of host susceptibility (the numbers alongside rows denote the number of phages that can infect a host) and phage infectivity (the numbers below columns denote the number of hosts that a phage can infect). Then, (3) an isocline is found corresponding to the arrangement ...
... are sorted in descending order of host susceptibility (the numbers alongside rows denote the number of phages that can infect a host) and phage infectivity (the numbers below columns denote the number of hosts that a phage can infect). Then, (3) an isocline is found corresponding to the arrangement ...
Haemophilus influenzae and the complement system
... regulators directly to the bacterial surface, the capsule, lipooligosaccharides, and several outer membrane proteins contribute to resistance against the complement-mediated attacks and hence increased bacterial survival. Insights into the mechanisms of complement evasion of H. influenzae are very i ...
... regulators directly to the bacterial surface, the capsule, lipooligosaccharides, and several outer membrane proteins contribute to resistance against the complement-mediated attacks and hence increased bacterial survival. Insights into the mechanisms of complement evasion of H. influenzae are very i ...
biosynthesis of yersinia enterocolitica serotype o:3
... Lipopolysacharide (LPS) present on the outer leaflet of Gram-negative bacteria is important for the adaptation of the bacteria to the environment. Structurally, LPS can be divided into three parts: lipid A, core and O-polysaccharide (OPS). OPS is the outermost and also the most diverse moiety. When ...
... Lipopolysacharide (LPS) present on the outer leaflet of Gram-negative bacteria is important for the adaptation of the bacteria to the environment. Structurally, LPS can be divided into three parts: lipid A, core and O-polysaccharide (OPS). OPS is the outermost and also the most diverse moiety. When ...
Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone
... (Fuqua & Winans, 1996). The second one is a regulatory protein (LuxR and/or LuxR homologues) which promotes (in most cases) transcription of target genes, when bound with AHL (Fuqua et al., 1994). AHL binding requires three-dimensional changes of the regulatory protein and in turn allows its interac ...
... (Fuqua & Winans, 1996). The second one is a regulatory protein (LuxR and/or LuxR homologues) which promotes (in most cases) transcription of target genes, when bound with AHL (Fuqua et al., 1994). AHL binding requires three-dimensional changes of the regulatory protein and in turn allows its interac ...
BACTERIAL BIOFILMS IN NATURE AND DISEASE
... C~4 glutamate to labeled cell componentsand to CJ402 than cells in the planktonic phase of the same stream or dispersed biofilm cells from equivalent surfaces. The increased metabolic activity of biofilm cells mayresult from phenc,typic changes in response to sessile growth (C. S. Dow,R. Whittenbury ...
... C~4 glutamate to labeled cell componentsand to CJ402 than cells in the planktonic phase of the same stream or dispersed biofilm cells from equivalent surfaces. The increased metabolic activity of biofilm cells mayresult from phenc,typic changes in response to sessile growth (C. S. Dow,R. Whittenbury ...
Bacterial translocation: Overview of mechanisms and clinical impact
... mucosal barrier and the mechanisms of permeability of compounds through it is essential for understanding translocation. Electron microscopy studies documented the components of the epithelial barrier that include, from the intestinal lumen to the outermost surface, an internal water lining, followe ...
... mucosal barrier and the mechanisms of permeability of compounds through it is essential for understanding translocation. Electron microscopy studies documented the components of the epithelial barrier that include, from the intestinal lumen to the outermost surface, an internal water lining, followe ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... ficity. These observations, in combination with highly conserved side-chain positioning and chemistry in the active site, imply that kinesins and myosins have evolved from an ancestral motor protein. An evolutionary connection to G-proteins is more tenuous; however, the shared structural, functional ...
... ficity. These observations, in combination with highly conserved side-chain positioning and chemistry in the active site, imply that kinesins and myosins have evolved from an ancestral motor protein. An evolutionary connection to G-proteins is more tenuous; however, the shared structural, functional ...
improvements in the assessment of bacterial viability and
... distinct analyzing techniques, and in general each technique is most suitable for a given application. In order to relieve the incoherent situation of microbial analysis, some methods are accepted as standard reference methods and are therefore widely applied for routine use in both clinical and res ...
... distinct analyzing techniques, and in general each technique is most suitable for a given application. In order to relieve the incoherent situation of microbial analysis, some methods are accepted as standard reference methods and are therefore widely applied for routine use in both clinical and res ...
Morphological and biochemical features of Borrelia
... Previously, the round bodies (RBs) of B. burgdorferi have been ambiguously named in various ways. These terms include CWD and L-forms, spheroplasts, protoplasts, propagules and even cysts (Domingue & Woody, 1997; Stricker & Johnson, 2011). Nonetheless, all of these labels describe the same spherical ...
... Previously, the round bodies (RBs) of B. burgdorferi have been ambiguously named in various ways. These terms include CWD and L-forms, spheroplasts, protoplasts, propagules and even cysts (Domingue & Woody, 1997; Stricker & Johnson, 2011). Nonetheless, all of these labels describe the same spherical ...
Antimicrobial peptides in crustaceans
... its hydrophobic portion. The microorganisms are then destroyed via membrane destabilization and/or pore formation (Brogden, 2005; Yount et al., 2006). The detailed mechanism of pore formation (barrel-stave, toroidal and carpet-like models) has been described in detail elsewhere (Brogden, 2005; Saldi ...
... its hydrophobic portion. The microorganisms are then destroyed via membrane destabilization and/or pore formation (Brogden, 2005; Yount et al., 2006). The detailed mechanism of pore formation (barrel-stave, toroidal and carpet-like models) has been described in detail elsewhere (Brogden, 2005; Saldi ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins, which is shortened to OCAs. In essence, they are virulence factors, factors that make the bacteria harmful and infective to the host organism.TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Most bacteria infect their host through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system.Trimeric autotransporter adhesins have a unique structure. The structure they hold is crucial to their function. They all appear to have a head-stalk-anchor structure. Each TAA is made up of three identical proteins, hence the name trimeric. Once the membrane anchor has been inserted into the outer membrane, the passenger domain passes through it into the host extracellular environment autonomously, hence the description of autotransporter. The head domain, once assembled, then adheres to an element of the host extracellular matrix, for example, collagen, fibronectin, etc.