Interpretation of Gram Stains for the Nonmicrobiologist
... [I1a] Staphylococci: gram-positive cocci in the tetrads (short arrow) and clusters (long arrow) as well as the nonspecific singles and pairs. ...
... [I1a] Staphylococci: gram-positive cocci in the tetrads (short arrow) and clusters (long arrow) as well as the nonspecific singles and pairs. ...
rumen microbiology-2012
... bacteria produce light for some marine invertebrates and fish. Interaction Between Microbes and the Gut Most warm-blooded animals contain extremely complex microbial communities within their gastrointestinal tracts. In the human intestine, the strict anaerobes belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Fu ...
... bacteria produce light for some marine invertebrates and fish. Interaction Between Microbes and the Gut Most warm-blooded animals contain extremely complex microbial communities within their gastrointestinal tracts. In the human intestine, the strict anaerobes belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Fu ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... variety of different processes (including both retrograde and anterograde transport steps as well as cisternal stacking), it is possible that they act in discrete ways during different events. The effects of antibody inhibition may vary depending on precisely which process is being measured in a par ...
... variety of different processes (including both retrograde and anterograde transport steps as well as cisternal stacking), it is possible that they act in discrete ways during different events. The effects of antibody inhibition may vary depending on precisely which process is being measured in a par ...
Nasal vaccination using live bacterial vectors
... recombinant proteins have been developed in both S. carnosus and S. xylosus. They are based on the use of the signal peptide and cell surface-binding regions of protein A from S. aureus (SPA), or the promoter, signal sequence and propeptide from a Staphylococcus hyicus lipase [34]. In addition, a ge ...
... recombinant proteins have been developed in both S. carnosus and S. xylosus. They are based on the use of the signal peptide and cell surface-binding regions of protein A from S. aureus (SPA), or the promoter, signal sequence and propeptide from a Staphylococcus hyicus lipase [34]. In addition, a ge ...
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Lactoferrin
... The antibacterial activity of LF has been widely documented both in vitro and in vivo for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and in some acid–alcohol-resistant bacteria. Table 1 shows the bacteria against which LF has shown an inhibitory effect and the type of LF used. Some of the bacteria lis ...
... The antibacterial activity of LF has been widely documented both in vitro and in vivo for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and in some acid–alcohol-resistant bacteria. Table 1 shows the bacteria against which LF has shown an inhibitory effect and the type of LF used. Some of the bacteria lis ...
Bacteria - Sebring Local Schools
... Gram’s stain. These results can be seen under a microscope after the bacteria are treated with certain chemicals that are called stains. As shown in Figure 7, gram-positive cells stain purple because they have thicker cell walls. Gram-negative cells stain pink because they have thinner cell walls. T ...
... Gram’s stain. These results can be seen under a microscope after the bacteria are treated with certain chemicals that are called stains. As shown in Figure 7, gram-positive cells stain purple because they have thicker cell walls. Gram-negative cells stain pink because they have thinner cell walls. T ...
B: Chapter 1: Bacteria
... Gram’s stain. These results can be seen under a microscope after the bacteria are treated with certain chemicals that are called stains. As shown in Figure 7, gram-positive cells stain purple because they have thicker cell walls. Gram-negative cells stain pink because they have thinner cell walls. T ...
... Gram’s stain. These results can be seen under a microscope after the bacteria are treated with certain chemicals that are called stains. As shown in Figure 7, gram-positive cells stain purple because they have thicker cell walls. Gram-negative cells stain pink because they have thinner cell walls. T ...
Helicobacter pylori
... H. pylori is a heterotrophic, parasitic bacterium. Because it is a single celled bacteria, it does not have a need to transport nutrients within itself. It absorbs its nutrients across its plasma membrane. The Circle of Life H. pylori is most commonly passed from host to host through a fecal-oral or ...
... H. pylori is a heterotrophic, parasitic bacterium. Because it is a single celled bacteria, it does not have a need to transport nutrients within itself. It absorbs its nutrients across its plasma membrane. The Circle of Life H. pylori is most commonly passed from host to host through a fecal-oral or ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... O157:H7 and its role in bacterial predation Abstract Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of mos ...
... O157:H7 and its role in bacterial predation Abstract Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of mos ...
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins. Edition No. 4 Brochure
... - Descriptions of relevant toxins as well as representative toxins of the main bacterial toxin families to allow for a better comparison between them. - Focused chapters on toxin applications and common properties or general features of toxins. ...
... - Descriptions of relevant toxins as well as representative toxins of the main bacterial toxin families to allow for a better comparison between them. - Focused chapters on toxin applications and common properties or general features of toxins. ...
Lecture 3 & 4
... The gram stain method reveals the complexity of bacterial cell walls. The method uses two different stains— one violet and one red. Gram-positive bacteria retain the violet dye. Gram-negative bacteria retain the red dye. Differences are due to the structure of the cell wall. ...
... The gram stain method reveals the complexity of bacterial cell walls. The method uses two different stains— one violet and one red. Gram-positive bacteria retain the violet dye. Gram-negative bacteria retain the red dye. Differences are due to the structure of the cell wall. ...
Biological Degradation of Naphthalene: A New Era
... bacteria include Pseudomonas spp, Vibrio spp, Mycobacterium spp,Marinobacter spp, and Sphingomonas spp. Micrococcus spp [2]. Although many naphthalene-degrading bacteria have been isolated, these bacteria may thrive in one environment but may not be able to compete with other micro-organisms in anot ...
... bacteria include Pseudomonas spp, Vibrio spp, Mycobacterium spp,Marinobacter spp, and Sphingomonas spp. Micrococcus spp [2]. Although many naphthalene-degrading bacteria have been isolated, these bacteria may thrive in one environment but may not be able to compete with other micro-organisms in anot ...
Why is metabolic labour divided in nitrification?
... Recently, Pfeiffer and Bonhoeffer [18] have shown that such cross-feeding relationships can arise because shorter metabolic pathways might enable a higher rate of ATP production. Their argument is based on kinetic theory [19] that makes the following general assumptions about the evolution of catabo ...
... Recently, Pfeiffer and Bonhoeffer [18] have shown that such cross-feeding relationships can arise because shorter metabolic pathways might enable a higher rate of ATP production. Their argument is based on kinetic theory [19] that makes the following general assumptions about the evolution of catabo ...
Paper metal ions-RESUB2_logged
... In this study, a metabolic fingerprinting approach [33] based on FT-IR spectroscopy [61] was employed to study the influence of metal ions on the whole organism phenotype of P. putida DOT-T1E strains in the presence and absence of toluene. To ensure that there was sufficient biomass for metabolomic ...
... In this study, a metabolic fingerprinting approach [33] based on FT-IR spectroscopy [61] was employed to study the influence of metal ions on the whole organism phenotype of P. putida DOT-T1E strains in the presence and absence of toluene. To ensure that there was sufficient biomass for metabolomic ...
The Role of the N-Terminal Domains of Bacterial Initiator DnaA in
... 2. Bacterial DnaA—General Overview of the Structure and Function To form a bacterial initiation complex, often called an orisome, DnaA binds to DNA at oriC and employs protein-protein interactions between protomers to assemble into a helical filament that is capable of opening double-stranded DNA (d ...
... 2. Bacterial DnaA—General Overview of the Structure and Function To form a bacterial initiation complex, often called an orisome, DnaA binds to DNA at oriC and employs protein-protein interactions between protomers to assemble into a helical filament that is capable of opening double-stranded DNA (d ...
Isolation and expression of recombinant antibody
... include real-time PCR (Sreevatsan et al., 2000; Redkar et al., 2001), fluorescence whole cell nucleic acid hybridization (Fernandez-Lago et al., 2000), or immunoassays utilizing antibodies able to specifically recognize Brucellae cells. Current immunoassay methods employ antibodies to lipopolysaccha ...
... include real-time PCR (Sreevatsan et al., 2000; Redkar et al., 2001), fluorescence whole cell nucleic acid hybridization (Fernandez-Lago et al., 2000), or immunoassays utilizing antibodies able to specifically recognize Brucellae cells. Current immunoassay methods employ antibodies to lipopolysaccha ...
Fungal Biology Reviews
... intricately associated partners. However, the functional interactions in multibiont fungal symbioses are not always so apparent or well-studied as in the leaf-cutter ant symbiosis. As will be apparent from the following account, most fungal symbioses have more or less tight associations with bacteri ...
... intricately associated partners. However, the functional interactions in multibiont fungal symbioses are not always so apparent or well-studied as in the leaf-cutter ant symbiosis. As will be apparent from the following account, most fungal symbioses have more or less tight associations with bacteri ...
Flagellar glycosylation – a new component of the motility repertoire?
... Thomashow & Rittenberg, 1985a). Electron microscopy studies of a number of organisms with polar flagella have identified, in addition, a unique basal body structure which appears to be a convex disk situated below the outer membrane (Engelhardt et al., 1993; Ferris et al., 1984; Thomashow & Rittenbe ...
... Thomashow & Rittenberg, 1985a). Electron microscopy studies of a number of organisms with polar flagella have identified, in addition, a unique basal body structure which appears to be a convex disk situated below the outer membrane (Engelhardt et al., 1993; Ferris et al., 1984; Thomashow & Rittenbe ...
Commentary Wolbachia John H. Werren
... A variety of symbiotic microorganisms are known that are predominantly or exclusively transmitted through host reproduction. Examples include Buchnera aphidicola, a nutritional bacterial symbiont of aphids (6), and Wolbachia, a group of intracellular rickettsia found in invertebrates (7). The expect ...
... A variety of symbiotic microorganisms are known that are predominantly or exclusively transmitted through host reproduction. Examples include Buchnera aphidicola, a nutritional bacterial symbiont of aphids (6), and Wolbachia, a group of intracellular rickettsia found in invertebrates (7). The expect ...
Bacterial protein toxins targeting Rho GTPases
... family is the Yersinia protein YopE, which shares sequence homology with the GAP regions of SptP and ExoS, including the catalytically important arginine ¢nger. Recently, the GAP activity of YopE for Rho, Rac and Cdc42 was reported [32]. All these toxins comprise a novel group of bacterial protein t ...
... family is the Yersinia protein YopE, which shares sequence homology with the GAP regions of SptP and ExoS, including the catalytically important arginine ¢nger. Recently, the GAP activity of YopE for Rho, Rac and Cdc42 was reported [32]. All these toxins comprise a novel group of bacterial protein t ...
ISME Journal
... amoebae. Specific bacterial taxa had disappeared already two days after inoculation of amoebae. The decrease in numbers was most pronounced in Betaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. In contrast, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes increased. Although other groups, such as beta ...
... amoebae. Specific bacterial taxa had disappeared already two days after inoculation of amoebae. The decrease in numbers was most pronounced in Betaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. In contrast, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes increased. Although other groups, such as beta ...
22 | prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea
... Some organisms have developed strategies that allow them to survive harsh conditions. Prokaryotes thrive in a vast array of environments: Some grow in conditions that would seem very normal to us, whereas others are able to thrive and grow under conditions that would kill a plant or animal. Almost a ...
... Some organisms have developed strategies that allow them to survive harsh conditions. Prokaryotes thrive in a vast array of environments: Some grow in conditions that would seem very normal to us, whereas others are able to thrive and grow under conditions that would kill a plant or animal. Almost a ...
Physiological and Molecular Characterization of a Newly Identified
... they have already adapted to the local climate and other population regulators [24] [5]. In addition, many countries are concerned about the introduction of exotic EPNs because they may have a negative impact on non-target organisms [5]. The main objective of the present study was to identify a nove ...
... they have already adapted to the local climate and other population regulators [24] [5]. In addition, many countries are concerned about the introduction of exotic EPNs because they may have a negative impact on non-target organisms [5]. The main objective of the present study was to identify a nove ...
The bacterial translation stress response
... (Wexselblatt et al., 2012). Relacin is a 29-deoxyguanosinebased analogue of ppGpp, in which the original pyrophosphate moieties at 50 and 30 positions were replaced by glycyl-glycine dipeptides linked to the sugar ring by a carbamate bridge (Fig. 1c). Such analogues inhibit the synthetic activity in ...
... (Wexselblatt et al., 2012). Relacin is a 29-deoxyguanosinebased analogue of ppGpp, in which the original pyrophosphate moieties at 50 and 30 positions were replaced by glycyl-glycine dipeptides linked to the sugar ring by a carbamate bridge (Fig. 1c). Such analogues inhibit the synthetic activity in ...
Questions for Microbiology (practical)
... In the capsule stain the cells are not heat fixed. Why? 2) What is the importance of the capsule stain, the flagella stain and the endospore stain? 3) What is the purpose of the Congo red in the capsule stain? 4) What roles do capsules play in the life of bacteria? 5) Why don't capsules pick up the ...
... In the capsule stain the cells are not heat fixed. Why? 2) What is the importance of the capsule stain, the flagella stain and the endospore stain? 3) What is the purpose of the Congo red in the capsule stain? 4) What roles do capsules play in the life of bacteria? 5) Why don't capsules pick up the ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins, which is shortened to OCAs. In essence, they are virulence factors, factors that make the bacteria harmful and infective to the host organism.TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Most bacteria infect their host through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system.Trimeric autotransporter adhesins have a unique structure. The structure they hold is crucial to their function. They all appear to have a head-stalk-anchor structure. Each TAA is made up of three identical proteins, hence the name trimeric. Once the membrane anchor has been inserted into the outer membrane, the passenger domain passes through it into the host extracellular environment autonomously, hence the description of autotransporter. The head domain, once assembled, then adheres to an element of the host extracellular matrix, for example, collagen, fibronectin, etc.