Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules
... and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level phosphorylation and anaerobic respiration that prevent the lesion from developing during hypoxia are responsible. The other explanation is that, during reoxygenation, succinate, which is a product of both pathway ...
... and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level phosphorylation and anaerobic respiration that prevent the lesion from developing during hypoxia are responsible. The other explanation is that, during reoxygenation, succinate, which is a product of both pathway ...
Increased Association Between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
... (height). These sections were then processed for postembedding immunocytochemistry, as previously described (36). A polyclonal antibody directed against the human tau 346Y352 (kindly provided by Virginia M.-Y. Lee, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA) was used for tau immunogold labeling (3 ...
... (height). These sections were then processed for postembedding immunocytochemistry, as previously described (36). A polyclonal antibody directed against the human tau 346Y352 (kindly provided by Virginia M.-Y. Lee, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA) was used for tau immunogold labeling (3 ...
cyanobacteria: a potential natural source for drug discovery and
... accumulate metal ions such as Cr, Co, Cu and Zn very effectively and can utilize ammonia, nitrogenous compounds, and phosphates for their metabolism. They play a major role in biogeochemical cycles by making necessary transformations to the compounds. Cyanobacteria can perform different modes of met ...
... accumulate metal ions such as Cr, Co, Cu and Zn very effectively and can utilize ammonia, nitrogenous compounds, and phosphates for their metabolism. They play a major role in biogeochemical cycles by making necessary transformations to the compounds. Cyanobacteria can perform different modes of met ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... The T4bP and T2S system motor subcomplexes typically have a single ATPase, and the proteins forming the alignment subcomplexes are different in sequence and number than those of T4aP (7, 16). The final and most dynamic subcomplex is the pilus/pseudopilus, composed of major and minor subunits (17, ...
... The T4bP and T2S system motor subcomplexes typically have a single ATPase, and the proteins forming the alignment subcomplexes are different in sequence and number than those of T4aP (7, 16). The final and most dynamic subcomplex is the pilus/pseudopilus, composed of major and minor subunits (17, ...
Partial Purifiaction of β-1,3-glucan synthases and
... membrane bound granule in the cytosol of Euglena where most plant and fungal β-1,3-glucan synthases are cell membrane bound highly regulated multifunctional complexes, synthesizing β-1,3-glucan as cell wall components. Due to the novel granular nature of paramylon, expression in other systems with g ...
... membrane bound granule in the cytosol of Euglena where most plant and fungal β-1,3-glucan synthases are cell membrane bound highly regulated multifunctional complexes, synthesizing β-1,3-glucan as cell wall components. Due to the novel granular nature of paramylon, expression in other systems with g ...
Analysis of exocyst subunit EXO70 family reveals
... angiosperm plant cells. This diversity could be partly responsible for establishment and maintenance of membrane domains with different composition. To address this hypothesis, we employed growing pollen tube, a well-established cell polarity model system, and performed large-scale expression, local ...
... angiosperm plant cells. This diversity could be partly responsible for establishment and maintenance of membrane domains with different composition. To address this hypothesis, we employed growing pollen tube, a well-established cell polarity model system, and performed large-scale expression, local ...
Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and
... The ‘hydrogenosomes’ of parasitic trichomonads were first described in the 1970s [20,21] and those of the human urogenital parasite Trichomonas vaginalis have become the best-studied MROs to date. They function in several canonical mitochondrial processes including amino acid metabolism, oxygen deto ...
... The ‘hydrogenosomes’ of parasitic trichomonads were first described in the 1970s [20,21] and those of the human urogenital parasite Trichomonas vaginalis have become the best-studied MROs to date. They function in several canonical mitochondrial processes including amino acid metabolism, oxygen deto ...
endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear
... xylinum has a twofold degree of rotational symmetry (11). The glucan chains are synthesized by cellulose synthase in a processive manner in which the enzyme remains tightly bound to the polymeric product during chain elongation. Cellulose synthase is a membrane protein with a number of transmembrane ...
... xylinum has a twofold degree of rotational symmetry (11). The glucan chains are synthesized by cellulose synthase in a processive manner in which the enzyme remains tightly bound to the polymeric product during chain elongation. Cellulose synthase is a membrane protein with a number of transmembrane ...
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND BIOMEMBRANES L. L. M. VAN DEENEN
... Progress in the Chemistryof Fats and other Lipids de Jong49, 66.67 and his school pictured models of the cell membrane, involving a tncomplex system between phospholipids, proteins and cations. Many other approaches further endorsed the importance of phospholipids for attaining the physical and che ...
... Progress in the Chemistryof Fats and other Lipids de Jong49, 66.67 and his school pictured models of the cell membrane, involving a tncomplex system between phospholipids, proteins and cations. Many other approaches further endorsed the importance of phospholipids for attaining the physical and che ...
Regulation of the Function of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug
... known to require high membrane cholesterol content for maximal activity, and by examining purified ABCG2 reconstituted in proteoliposomes we have recently shown that cholesterol is an essential activator, while bile acids significantly modify the activity of this protein. In the present work, by usi ...
... known to require high membrane cholesterol content for maximal activity, and by examining purified ABCG2 reconstituted in proteoliposomes we have recently shown that cholesterol is an essential activator, while bile acids significantly modify the activity of this protein. In the present work, by usi ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... coli (EHEC), resulting in 5 to 7 days of bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and severe cramping before recovery. About 15% of the time the disease progresses into life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [17], which children and the elderly are particularly susceptible to develop [18]. Stx productio ...
... coli (EHEC), resulting in 5 to 7 days of bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and severe cramping before recovery. About 15% of the time the disease progresses into life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [17], which children and the elderly are particularly susceptible to develop [18]. Stx productio ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
The Plant Membrane-Associated REMORIN1.3 Accumulates in
... SYNAPTOTAGMIN1 (SYT1) peripheral membrane proteins localized to undetermined subcellular compartments around haustoria in P. infestans-plant interactions (Lu et al., 2012). Whether the differential accumulation of membrane proteins at the EHM is due to interference with the lateral diffusion of prot ...
... SYNAPTOTAGMIN1 (SYT1) peripheral membrane proteins localized to undetermined subcellular compartments around haustoria in P. infestans-plant interactions (Lu et al., 2012). Whether the differential accumulation of membrane proteins at the EHM is due to interference with the lateral diffusion of prot ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
... The matrix contains Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, enzymes of Krebs Cycle, and other pathways, e.g., fatty acid oxidation & amino acid metabolism. The outer membrane contains large VDAC channels, similar to bacterial porin channels, making the outer membrane leaky to ions & small molecules. ...
... The matrix contains Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, enzymes of Krebs Cycle, and other pathways, e.g., fatty acid oxidation & amino acid metabolism. The outer membrane contains large VDAC channels, similar to bacterial porin channels, making the outer membrane leaky to ions & small molecules. ...
Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
... important pathway for the regeneration of NAD+ is reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidizing agent, is reduced to lactate. lactate O dehydrogenase ...
... important pathway for the regeneration of NAD+ is reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidizing agent, is reduced to lactate. lactate O dehydrogenase ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... chimeras, which were targeted to the plastid stroma (Fig. 2A), the outer membrane of the plastid envelope (Fig. 2B), and the cytosol (Fig. 2C), respectively. Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This ...
... chimeras, which were targeted to the plastid stroma (Fig. 2A), the outer membrane of the plastid envelope (Fig. 2B), and the cytosol (Fig. 2C), respectively. Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This ...
Characterization of Vincristine Transport by the Mr 190,000
... [3H]VCR Uptake in Membrane Vesicles. The time course, ATPand GSH-dependence of [3H]VCR accumulation by membrane vesi cles prepared from MRP-transfected HeLa T14 cells are shown in Fig. \A. Accumulation was measured at 37°Cat an initial concentration of 200 nM [3H]VCR in the presence of 4 mM ATP or ...
... [3H]VCR Uptake in Membrane Vesicles. The time course, ATPand GSH-dependence of [3H]VCR accumulation by membrane vesi cles prepared from MRP-transfected HeLa T14 cells are shown in Fig. \A. Accumulation was measured at 37°Cat an initial concentration of 200 nM [3H]VCR in the presence of 4 mM ATP or ...
Acyl-CoA oxidase is imported as a heteropentameric, cofactor
... proteins. Matrix proteins were subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography under native conditions using anti-Aox1p antibodies covalently coupled to protein A-Sepharose. Proteins bound to the column (B) and eluted with 100 mM glycine (pH 2.8) and unbound proteins recovered in the flow-through (F) wer ...
... proteins. Matrix proteins were subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography under native conditions using anti-Aox1p antibodies covalently coupled to protein A-Sepharose. Proteins bound to the column (B) and eluted with 100 mM glycine (pH 2.8) and unbound proteins recovered in the flow-through (F) wer ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... events. The effects of antibody inhibition may vary depending on precisely which process is being measured in a particular assay. In any case, the interactions of these golgins, both with each other and with other proteins, are clearly important for vesicle tethering events at the cisGolgi. Addition ...
... events. The effects of antibody inhibition may vary depending on precisely which process is being measured in a particular assay. In any case, the interactions of these golgins, both with each other and with other proteins, are clearly important for vesicle tethering events at the cisGolgi. Addition ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... proteins. Some enzyme cofactors are also activated carrier molecules. These include NAD+ and NADP+, each of which can carry energy in the form of a pair of electrons and a proton (H+ ion), converting the molecules into their reduced forms referred to as NADH and NADPH. The chemical equations for red ...
... proteins. Some enzyme cofactors are also activated carrier molecules. These include NAD+ and NADP+, each of which can carry energy in the form of a pair of electrons and a proton (H+ ion), converting the molecules into their reduced forms referred to as NADH and NADPH. The chemical equations for red ...
Being right on Q: shaping eukaryotic evolution
... complex/ [197]), purple; Complex II, light green; ETF complex, dark green; ubiquinone (Q), red. For details see the main text. ...
... complex/ [197]), purple; Complex II, light green; ETF complex, dark green; ubiquinone (Q), red. For details see the main text. ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial Respiration
... to reduce nitrate when oxygen was available, and equally rapidly commenced nitrate reduction when all the oxygen had been consumed. By contrast, membrane vesicles isolated from P. denitrijicans reduced oxygen and nitrate simultaneously. The respiratory nitrate reductase in intact cells of P. denitri ...
... to reduce nitrate when oxygen was available, and equally rapidly commenced nitrate reduction when all the oxygen had been consumed. By contrast, membrane vesicles isolated from P. denitrijicans reduced oxygen and nitrate simultaneously. The respiratory nitrate reductase in intact cells of P. denitri ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... belong to families of small and membrane-associated proteins that are distributed on the cytoplasmic surfaces of all membranes of the secretory pathway and are involved in membrane trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, h ...
... belong to families of small and membrane-associated proteins that are distributed on the cytoplasmic surfaces of all membranes of the secretory pathway and are involved in membrane trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, h ...
Two nearly identical terpene synthases catalyze the
... snapdragon myrcene synthase (AAO41726), (E)-b-ocimene synthase (AAO42614), strawberry nerolidol/linalool synthase (FaNES; CAD57106) and Arabidopsis linalool synthase (AAO85533). The alignment was performed using CLUSTALW, and was shaded with BoxShade version 3.21 software (Human Genome Sequencing Ce ...
... snapdragon myrcene synthase (AAO41726), (E)-b-ocimene synthase (AAO42614), strawberry nerolidol/linalool synthase (FaNES; CAD57106) and Arabidopsis linalool synthase (AAO85533). The alignment was performed using CLUSTALW, and was shaded with BoxShade version 3.21 software (Human Genome Sequencing Ce ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.