Nixon Evidence
... Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) i ...
... Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) i ...
Physical map of the aromatic amine and m-toluate
... present in Pseudomonasputida UCC22, a derivativeof P.putida mt-2. The plasmid is 79 1kbp in size and can be divided into a restriction-site-deficient region of 51 f 1 kbp and a restriction-site-profuse region of 28 kbp which begins and ends with directly repeating sequences of at least 2 kbp in leng ...
... present in Pseudomonasputida UCC22, a derivativeof P.putida mt-2. The plasmid is 79 1kbp in size and can be divided into a restriction-site-deficient region of 51 f 1 kbp and a restriction-site-profuse region of 28 kbp which begins and ends with directly repeating sequences of at least 2 kbp in leng ...
Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk
... approximate 114 kb of LMD-9 chromosomal regions encompassing 127 ORFs (representing 6.9% of the LMD-9 ORFeome) are not found in both LMG 18311 and CNRZ1066 (Additional file 3). These ORFs are located in 27 chromosomal loci, six of which spanned more than 8 kb in length (Figure 2). Interestingly, the ...
... approximate 114 kb of LMD-9 chromosomal regions encompassing 127 ORFs (representing 6.9% of the LMD-9 ORFeome) are not found in both LMG 18311 and CNRZ1066 (Additional file 3). These ORFs are located in 27 chromosomal loci, six of which spanned more than 8 kb in length (Figure 2). Interestingly, the ...
Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes
... meiotic recombination generally reflects the physical distance between them; recombination data thus make it possible to determine the distance between genes along chromosomes. • Mitotic recombination: Rarely, recombination occurs during mitosis. In multicellular organisms, mitotic recombination can ...
... meiotic recombination generally reflects the physical distance between them; recombination data thus make it possible to determine the distance between genes along chromosomes. • Mitotic recombination: Rarely, recombination occurs during mitosis. In multicellular organisms, mitotic recombination can ...
Molecular Evolution of the Endosperm Starch Synthesis Pathway
... et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2007). The position of these starch genes in the starch synthesis pathway is shown in figure 1. All of these genes except AGPS2b, GBSSI, and ISA1 are exclusively expressed in rice endosperm (James et al. 2003). Detection of selection at the molecular level has proved to be di ...
... et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2007). The position of these starch genes in the starch synthesis pathway is shown in figure 1. All of these genes except AGPS2b, GBSSI, and ISA1 are exclusively expressed in rice endosperm (James et al. 2003). Detection of selection at the molecular level has proved to be di ...
The rapidly emerging ESBL-producing Escherichia coli O25
... sequence variation is unlikely to have functional consequences. An almost 100% identity (except two nucleotide differences resulting in a single amino acid mismatch in WaaB) of the entire waa locus of the strain #81009 was found with that of a commensal fecal isolate SE15 of the B2 phylogenetic grou ...
... sequence variation is unlikely to have functional consequences. An almost 100% identity (except two nucleotide differences resulting in a single amino acid mismatch in WaaB) of the entire waa locus of the strain #81009 was found with that of a commensal fecal isolate SE15 of the B2 phylogenetic grou ...
Interactions Between Genes Controlling Pathogenicity in the Flax
... Williston Brown X Bolley Golden selection 14 Barnes-L )( Bolley Golden selection ...
... Williston Brown X Bolley Golden selection 14 Barnes-L )( Bolley Golden selection ...
Technical Targets
... These gene expression data could not rule out the possibility that hyp2 genes or any additional genes in the CBS genome are capable of assisting the maturation of the CBS hydrogenase. To address this question we took a genetic approach and created ΔhypE1, ΔhypE2, and ΔhypE1:ΔhypE2 mutant strains. Th ...
... These gene expression data could not rule out the possibility that hyp2 genes or any additional genes in the CBS genome are capable of assisting the maturation of the CBS hydrogenase. To address this question we took a genetic approach and created ΔhypE1, ΔhypE2, and ΔhypE1:ΔhypE2 mutant strains. Th ...
Polygenic inheritance of fruit size in red pepper
... (3) To estimate environmental, genotyplc, and genetle variances in segregating generations, and to discover how these estimates conform with the expected values set forth by genetic theorems,^ so that inference may be made on properties and behavior of genes. (4) To fit results to formulae for the c ...
... (3) To estimate environmental, genotyplc, and genetle variances in segregating generations, and to discover how these estimates conform with the expected values set forth by genetic theorems,^ so that inference may be made on properties and behavior of genes. (4) To fit results to formulae for the c ...
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Regulation of Gene Expression in
... act in the same genetic pathway. Also, genomic structural variation appeared to contribute to cis-regulation of gene expression. Besides genes showing Mendelian inheritance in the RIL population, we also found genes whose expression level and variation in the progeny could not be predicted based on ...
... act in the same genetic pathway. Also, genomic structural variation appeared to contribute to cis-regulation of gene expression. Besides genes showing Mendelian inheritance in the RIL population, we also found genes whose expression level and variation in the progeny could not be predicted based on ...
Silene sex chromosome genetic map, p. 1 Expansion of
... Charlesworth et al. 2005; Bachtrog 2006; Bergero and Charlesworth 2009). It is now understood that the large non-recombining regions of sex chromosomes in mammals have expanded over evolutionary time, forming “evolutionary strata” with differing levels of sequence divergence between X- and Y- gene p ...
... Charlesworth et al. 2005; Bachtrog 2006; Bergero and Charlesworth 2009). It is now understood that the large non-recombining regions of sex chromosomes in mammals have expanded over evolutionary time, forming “evolutionary strata” with differing levels of sequence divergence between X- and Y- gene p ...
Practical: Ranges
... The GRanges class Instances of GRanges are used to specify genomic coordinates. Suppose we wish to represent two D.˜melanogaster genes. The first is located on the positive strand of chromosome 3R, from position 19967117 to 19973212. The second is on the minus strand of the X chromosome, with ‘left- ...
... The GRanges class Instances of GRanges are used to specify genomic coordinates. Suppose we wish to represent two D.˜melanogaster genes. The first is located on the positive strand of chromosome 3R, from position 19967117 to 19973212. The second is on the minus strand of the X chromosome, with ‘left- ...
1 Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors
... confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect of a previously identified major QTL underlying high-temperature growth (Htg) in yea ...
... confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect of a previously identified major QTL underlying high-temperature growth (Htg) in yea ...
Genomic Survey and Gene Expression Analysis
... Supplemental Fig. S1; Supplemental Table S2). Patterns a and b were the most prevalent. Both had one intron each, but the position and phase were different. Pattern a had an intron in phase 2 (P2) in the basic region, whereas pattern b had an intron in phase 0 (P0) in the hinge region. Pattern c, ha ...
... Supplemental Fig. S1; Supplemental Table S2). Patterns a and b were the most prevalent. Both had one intron each, but the position and phase were different. Pattern a had an intron in phase 2 (P2) in the basic region, whereas pattern b had an intron in phase 0 (P0) in the hinge region. Pattern c, ha ...
PhenoLink - a web-tool for linking phenotype Lactobacillus plantarum strains
... very large and noisy with many features (e.g., genes, metabolite abundances). Thus, associating phenotypes to ~omics data requires an approach that is robust to noise and can handle large and diverse data sets. Results: We developed a web-tool PhenoLink (http://bamics2.cmbi.ru.nl/websoftware/phenoli ...
... very large and noisy with many features (e.g., genes, metabolite abundances). Thus, associating phenotypes to ~omics data requires an approach that is robust to noise and can handle large and diverse data sets. Results: We developed a web-tool PhenoLink (http://bamics2.cmbi.ru.nl/websoftware/phenoli ...
PPT File
... The Chromosomal Basis of Sex • In humans and other mammals, there are two varieties of sex chromosomes: a larger X chromosome and a smaller Y chromosome • Only the ends of the Y chromosome have regions that are homologous with the X chromosome • The SRY gene on the Y chromosome codes for the develo ...
... The Chromosomal Basis of Sex • In humans and other mammals, there are two varieties of sex chromosomes: a larger X chromosome and a smaller Y chromosome • Only the ends of the Y chromosome have regions that are homologous with the X chromosome • The SRY gene on the Y chromosome codes for the develo ...
Etiology : cytogenetics and microdeletions - HAL
... 8/181 HPE cases (4.4%, see green bars in Figure 1). One patient had a deletion on 21q, or the HPE1 locus, where no gene is yet firmly identified. The lanosterol synthase gene (LSS) was considered to be the best candidate, but its direct involvement in HPE was never demonstrated [Roessler and others ...
... 8/181 HPE cases (4.4%, see green bars in Figure 1). One patient had a deletion on 21q, or the HPE1 locus, where no gene is yet firmly identified. The lanosterol synthase gene (LSS) was considered to be the best candidate, but its direct involvement in HPE was never demonstrated [Roessler and others ...
In Silico method for identification of MHC class I
... (ENSG00000251520). This gene is annotated as a “pseudogene similar to part of major histocompatibility complex, class I‐related MR1”. All these BLAST pairs cluster with the human MR1 gene, forming an interspecies groups distinct from CD1 (Figure 4, Table S2). Our MR1 resu ...
... (ENSG00000251520). This gene is annotated as a “pseudogene similar to part of major histocompatibility complex, class I‐related MR1”. All these BLAST pairs cluster with the human MR1 gene, forming an interspecies groups distinct from CD1 (Figure 4, Table S2). Our MR1 resu ...
Variable Autosomal and X Divergence Near and Far from Genes
... separated from the selected allele by recombination. For example, levels of genetic diversity are reduced in both coding genes and the regions around genes, either because purifying selection removes harmful alleles from coding regions and nearby neutral sites are influenced by background selection ...
... separated from the selected allele by recombination. For example, levels of genetic diversity are reduced in both coding genes and the regions around genes, either because purifying selection removes harmful alleles from coding regions and nearby neutral sites are influenced by background selection ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... pMP220 (EcoRI-KpnI), generating pMPbraIp. This plasmid was then mobilized into STM815BRAI. STM815BRAI(pMPbraIp) was then inoculated into 10 ml of M9 minimal medium (14) supplemented with 0.2% glucose, 0.3% Casamino Acids, Km, and Tc, grown overnight, and then diluted to an optical density at 600 nm ...
... pMP220 (EcoRI-KpnI), generating pMPbraIp. This plasmid was then mobilized into STM815BRAI. STM815BRAI(pMPbraIp) was then inoculated into 10 ml of M9 minimal medium (14) supplemented with 0.2% glucose, 0.3% Casamino Acids, Km, and Tc, grown overnight, and then diluted to an optical density at 600 nm ...
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress
... have been described (Thibault et al. 2004). These lines probably do not represent a completely random collection of insertions, because some lines disrupting major hotspots appear to have been culled by Exelixis. However, we found many cases where at least two lines bearing identical piggyBac insert ...
... have been described (Thibault et al. 2004). These lines probably do not represent a completely random collection of insertions, because some lines disrupting major hotspots appear to have been culled by Exelixis. However, we found many cases where at least two lines bearing identical piggyBac insert ...
Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos
... An example of a Mat&Zyg gene that yields diverse phenotypes when it is depleted at different stages of development is the D-Raf serine-threonine kinase (Perrimon et al. 1985; Ambrosio et al. 1989; see review by Duffy and Perrimon 1994). D-raf mutant offspring derived from heterozygous females die du ...
... An example of a Mat&Zyg gene that yields diverse phenotypes when it is depleted at different stages of development is the D-Raf serine-threonine kinase (Perrimon et al. 1985; Ambrosio et al. 1989; see review by Duffy and Perrimon 1994). D-raf mutant offspring derived from heterozygous females die du ...
University of Groningen Methionine
... For RNA isolation the following procedure was performed: the pellet of the harvested cells was resuspended in 400 ml TE buffer (diethylpyrocarbonate) and the resuspended cells were added into RNA-free screw-cap tubes containing 0.5 g glass beads, 50 ml 10 % SDS, 500 ml phenol/chloroform: isoamylalco ...
... For RNA isolation the following procedure was performed: the pellet of the harvested cells was resuspended in 400 ml TE buffer (diethylpyrocarbonate) and the resuspended cells were added into RNA-free screw-cap tubes containing 0.5 g glass beads, 50 ml 10 % SDS, 500 ml phenol/chloroform: isoamylalco ...
Essential gene
Essential genes are those genes of an organism that are thought to be critical for its survival. However, being essential is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives. For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy. Recently, systematic attempts have been made to identify those genes that are absolutely required to maintain life, provided that all nutrients are available. Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250-300. These essential genes encode proteins to maintain a central metabolism, replicate DNA, translate genes into proteins, maintain a basic cellular structure, and mediate transport processes into and out of the cell. Most genes are not essential but convey selective advantages and increased fitness.