A4a - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... minimum time for transmission across one synapse is 0.5 ms (SYNAPTIC DELAY) - time it takes for mediator to be released and to act on postsynaptic membrane. conduction along chain of neurons is slower if there are more synapses in chain. ...
... minimum time for transmission across one synapse is 0.5 ms (SYNAPTIC DELAY) - time it takes for mediator to be released and to act on postsynaptic membrane. conduction along chain of neurons is slower if there are more synapses in chain. ...
Neurotransmitters
... o The well-known poison botulin works by preventing the vesicles in the axon ending from releasing acetylcholine, causing paralysis. The botulin derivative botox is used by many people to temporarily eliminate wrinkles. o On a more serious note, there is a link between acetylcholine and Alzheimer's ...
... o The well-known poison botulin works by preventing the vesicles in the axon ending from releasing acetylcholine, causing paralysis. The botulin derivative botox is used by many people to temporarily eliminate wrinkles. o On a more serious note, there is a link between acetylcholine and Alzheimer's ...
Peripheral nervous system
... becomes more positive and becomes depolarized (not as negative) causing the nerve to send an electrical signal action potential AKA nerve impulse Sodium voltage-gated ion channels open and Na+ rushes in make the inside very + ...
... becomes more positive and becomes depolarized (not as negative) causing the nerve to send an electrical signal action potential AKA nerve impulse Sodium voltage-gated ion channels open and Na+ rushes in make the inside very + ...
Nervous System
... concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients for each of these ions across the cell membrane. 3. There is electrical potential differences across the membrane ...
... concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients for each of these ions across the cell membrane. 3. There is electrical potential differences across the membrane ...
Structural elements and mechanisms involved in the transformation
... • serve as sensory organs detect the amount of change in the muscle • innervated by both sensory afferent and motor efferent neurons • Motor neurons are BETA and GAMMA beta: axon collateral to extrafusal muscle gamma: regulate sensitivity of the fiber to stretching ...
... • serve as sensory organs detect the amount of change in the muscle • innervated by both sensory afferent and motor efferent neurons • Motor neurons are BETA and GAMMA beta: axon collateral to extrafusal muscle gamma: regulate sensitivity of the fiber to stretching ...
12-1 Chapter 12 Lecture Outline See PowerPoint Image Slides for
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
Chapter 12
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
slides - Smith Lab
... (membrane potentials are less negative) • A transient depolarizing potential (i.e. excitatory synaptic potential) causes opening of some voltage-gated Na+ channels. • Increase membrane Na+ permeability and allows influx of Na+ to further depolarize the membrane • Increase in depolarization allows in ...
... (membrane potentials are less negative) • A transient depolarizing potential (i.e. excitatory synaptic potential) causes opening of some voltage-gated Na+ channels. • Increase membrane Na+ permeability and allows influx of Na+ to further depolarize the membrane • Increase in depolarization allows in ...
Document
... the amount of acetylcholine in synaptic cleft increases with each successive nerve impulse repeated stimulation of muscle life-threatening spasms ...
... the amount of acetylcholine in synaptic cleft increases with each successive nerve impulse repeated stimulation of muscle life-threatening spasms ...
Chapter 2A Practice Test
... of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmittersdunng withdrawai the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased heroin destroys endoqphin receptors in the brain' ...
... of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmittersdunng withdrawai the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased heroin destroys endoqphin receptors in the brain' ...
Chapter 48 PowerPoint 2016 - Spring
... • Chemicals released from vesicles by exocytosis into synaptic cleft • Diffuse across synapse • Bind to receptors on neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells • Broken down by enzymes or taken back up into surrounding cells • Types of neurotransmitters: – Excitatory: speed up impulses by causing depolar ...
... • Chemicals released from vesicles by exocytosis into synaptic cleft • Diffuse across synapse • Bind to receptors on neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells • Broken down by enzymes or taken back up into surrounding cells • Types of neurotransmitters: – Excitatory: speed up impulses by causing depolar ...
Cell types: Muscle cell Adipocyte Liver cell Pancreatic cell Example
... Small projections, called dendritic spines, extend from dendritic branches of some neurons. The primary function of dendrites is to increase the surface area for receiving signals from axonal projections of other neurons. The presence of dendritic spines further enhances the synaptic surface area of ...
... Small projections, called dendritic spines, extend from dendritic branches of some neurons. The primary function of dendrites is to increase the surface area for receiving signals from axonal projections of other neurons. The presence of dendritic spines further enhances the synaptic surface area of ...
The Nervous System : communication
... Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contrac ...
... Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contrac ...
CH 8 Nervous part 1
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one ...
... humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one ...
Physiology Lecture Outline: Membrane Potential and Neurophysiology
... 8. Some post-synaptic membrane receptors can act as ligand (chemically) gated ion channels, that is, they open in response to being bound by signal molecules. For example, many ligand gated channels allow both Na+ and K+ to diffuse down their concentration gradients. Others allow CI- ions to travel ...
... 8. Some post-synaptic membrane receptors can act as ligand (chemically) gated ion channels, that is, they open in response to being bound by signal molecules. For example, many ligand gated channels allow both Na+ and K+ to diffuse down their concentration gradients. Others allow CI- ions to travel ...
motor unit
... Total tension developed by a muscle is due to both spatial and temporal summation of tension The minimum tension is produced by a single twitch in the smallest motor unit (with least number of muscle fibers) The maximum tension is produced by tetanic contractions in all motor units of a muscle ...
... Total tension developed by a muscle is due to both spatial and temporal summation of tension The minimum tension is produced by a single twitch in the smallest motor unit (with least number of muscle fibers) The maximum tension is produced by tetanic contractions in all motor units of a muscle ...
Ch 49 Pract Test Nervous System
... Tolerance means that decreasing amounts of a drug are needed to be effective. d. A lethal dose is a dose that results in death. ...
... Tolerance means that decreasing amounts of a drug are needed to be effective. d. A lethal dose is a dose that results in death. ...
Jürgen R. Schwarz
... Information processing within the brain involves the generation of action potentials which are responsible for fast communication between nerve cells. Action potentials have a short duration and are generated by a transient influx of Na+ and a delayed outflow of K+ through voltage-gated ion channels ...
... Information processing within the brain involves the generation of action potentials which are responsible for fast communication between nerve cells. Action potentials have a short duration and are generated by a transient influx of Na+ and a delayed outflow of K+ through voltage-gated ion channels ...
Sentraflox AM-10 - Nutrient Pharmacology
... reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs.) SSRIs prevent the re-uptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter found in the brain, from being reabsorbed back into the nerve cells. This helps prolong the mood lightening effect of any released serotonin. In this way, fluoxetine helps relieve depression. Since reuptake is ...
... reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs.) SSRIs prevent the re-uptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter found in the brain, from being reabsorbed back into the nerve cells. This helps prolong the mood lightening effect of any released serotonin. In this way, fluoxetine helps relieve depression. Since reuptake is ...
Nervous Tissue
... • White matter = myelinated processes (white in color) • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell ...
... • White matter = myelinated processes (white in color) • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell ...
Neurons - World of Teaching
... abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 K+ ions in for 3 Na+ ions sent out. This further creates a charge difference!! ...
... abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 K+ ions in for 3 Na+ ions sent out. This further creates a charge difference!! ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... small synaptic vesicles that aggregate at presynaptic location and are released into the synaptic cleft in very high concentration where they predominantly bind to ionotropic receptors. Activity of classical neurotransmitter is limited in both temporal and spatial dimension, due to the existence of ...
... small synaptic vesicles that aggregate at presynaptic location and are released into the synaptic cleft in very high concentration where they predominantly bind to ionotropic receptors. Activity of classical neurotransmitter is limited in both temporal and spatial dimension, due to the existence of ...
The Brain and Its Disorders
... The Neuron • Soma (cell body) – contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles • Dendrites – receive info • Axon – transmits info • Myelin sheath – covers the axon to increase transmission speed (cause of sensory and motor disturbances in multiple sclerosis) ...
... The Neuron • Soma (cell body) – contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles • Dendrites – receive info • Axon – transmits info • Myelin sheath – covers the axon to increase transmission speed (cause of sensory and motor disturbances in multiple sclerosis) ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.