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Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke
... As another example, an interpretation based on retrieval processes rather than on representations was also made in relation to the effects of semantic ambiguity in sentence comprehension. Thus, ‘the shell was fired towards the tank’ is effortlessly accepted as meaningful, despite the two nouns and t ...
... As another example, an interpretation based on retrieval processes rather than on representations was also made in relation to the effects of semantic ambiguity in sentence comprehension. Thus, ‘the shell was fired towards the tank’ is effortlessly accepted as meaningful, despite the two nouns and t ...
Single-trial decoding of intended eye movement goals from lateral
... where s is the target location, r is the response (e.g., spike counts), and the log is base 2. Spike counts were quantized using a maximum of 8 quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with l ...
... where s is the target location, r is the response (e.g., spike counts), and the log is base 2. Spike counts were quantized using a maximum of 8 quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with l ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... entorhinal cortical neurons give rise to ordered patterns of ensemble activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently a ...
... entorhinal cortical neurons give rise to ordered patterns of ensemble activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently a ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... in Brodmann’s area 44 for the obser vation of object-oriented hand/arm movements, compared with observation of hand/arm movements without an object. When observing mouth movements, however, there was a comparable increase in signal in area 44 and also in area 45 in the right hemisphere, whether the ...
... in Brodmann’s area 44 for the obser vation of object-oriented hand/arm movements, compared with observation of hand/arm movements without an object. When observing mouth movements, however, there was a comparable increase in signal in area 44 and also in area 45 in the right hemisphere, whether the ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... entorhinal cortical neurons give rise to ordered patterns of ensemble activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently a ...
... entorhinal cortical neurons give rise to ordered patterns of ensemble activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently a ...
Cognitive-Neuroscience-3rd-Edition-Gazzaniga-Test
... 28. In myelinated axons, action potentials are generated a. at the nodes of Ranvier only. b. along the entire length of the axons. c. underneath the myelinated portions of the axons only. d. only at the axon hillocks and axon terminals. ANS: A ...
... 28. In myelinated axons, action potentials are generated a. at the nodes of Ranvier only. b. along the entire length of the axons. c. underneath the myelinated portions of the axons only. d. only at the axon hillocks and axon terminals. ANS: A ...
The Role of Dopamine in Locomotor ... 173
... The mesolimbic-mesocortical DA neurons also have been implicated in locomotor activity but their role remains equivoca1. Thus, it has been reported that bilateral 6-ONDA lesions of the origin of these neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) results in no change in locomotion, decreased locomotion ...
... The mesolimbic-mesocortical DA neurons also have been implicated in locomotor activity but their role remains equivoca1. Thus, it has been reported that bilateral 6-ONDA lesions of the origin of these neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) results in no change in locomotion, decreased locomotion ...
Regional brain activation in conscious, nonrestrained
... preclinical and clinical models, and to evaluate the relevance of CRD animal models for human conditions, it is imperative to investigate whether or not CRD activates similar brain regions in animals as has been reported in humans. To date, the majority of human studies in this field have used disten ...
... preclinical and clinical models, and to evaluate the relevance of CRD animal models for human conditions, it is imperative to investigate whether or not CRD activates similar brain regions in animals as has been reported in humans. To date, the majority of human studies in this field have used disten ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... looming shock (unconditioned stimulus [US]). In the avoidancelearning phase, the fish acquire a goal-directed adaptive response by learning to actively swim from a dangerous compartment with a behavioral state characterized by a negative reward expectation value to a safe compartment with a neutral ...
... looming shock (unconditioned stimulus [US]). In the avoidancelearning phase, the fish acquire a goal-directed adaptive response by learning to actively swim from a dangerous compartment with a behavioral state characterized by a negative reward expectation value to a safe compartment with a neutral ...
PDF
... Abstract Using the in vitro isolated whole brain preparation of the guinea pig maintained at 29C, we intracellularly recorded and stained cochlear nucleus (CN) neurons and auditory nerve (AN) fibers. Discharge properties of CN cells and AN axons were tested in response to 50-ms trains of electrical ...
... Abstract Using the in vitro isolated whole brain preparation of the guinea pig maintained at 29C, we intracellularly recorded and stained cochlear nucleus (CN) neurons and auditory nerve (AN) fibers. Discharge properties of CN cells and AN axons were tested in response to 50-ms trains of electrical ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
review glutamate and gaba receptor signalling in - lópez
... both the appropriate expression and function of neurotransmitters and their receptors. Although glutamate and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in adulthood, it is now fairly well established that both are abundant and widespread early in embryoni ...
... both the appropriate expression and function of neurotransmitters and their receptors. Although glutamate and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in adulthood, it is now fairly well established that both are abundant and widespread early in embryoni ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... 1 The Role of Inhibitory Molecules in Limiting Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Spinal Cord ...
... 1 The Role of Inhibitory Molecules in Limiting Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Spinal Cord ...
Experiencing Sensation and Perception
... Interactive Figure 12.x, Somatosensory Pathways [link to media]. Before exploring the primary pathways that somatosensory information follows from the skin to the brain, it is useful to have some general understanding of the anatomy being depicted. At the bottom of the screen, a cross section of the ...
... Interactive Figure 12.x, Somatosensory Pathways [link to media]. Before exploring the primary pathways that somatosensory information follows from the skin to the brain, it is useful to have some general understanding of the anatomy being depicted. At the bottom of the screen, a cross section of the ...
How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns
... Analyzing visual scenes requires the visual system to integrate information from many sources. It is widely believed that the complex of visual areas outside the primary visual cortex (V1) performs such a synthesis, based on a hierarchical elaboration of the information represented by neurons in V1 ...
... Analyzing visual scenes requires the visual system to integrate information from many sources. It is widely believed that the complex of visual areas outside the primary visual cortex (V1) performs such a synthesis, based on a hierarchical elaboration of the information represented by neurons in V1 ...
Brainstem (II)
... A unique cranial nerve that : exit from the dorsal surface of the brain all the lower motor neuron fibers decussate ...
... A unique cranial nerve that : exit from the dorsal surface of the brain all the lower motor neuron fibers decussate ...
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Neural Stem Cell and
... CAMs have been shown to play distinct roles in the nervous system. 2.1.1. L1CAM subfamily L1CAM subfamily proteins, which include L1, close homolog of L1 (CHL1), NrCAM, and Neurofascin, are one of the most well known groups of IgSF CAMs and are widely studied in the nervous system. L1CAM proteins ca ...
... CAMs have been shown to play distinct roles in the nervous system. 2.1.1. L1CAM subfamily L1CAM subfamily proteins, which include L1, close homolog of L1 (CHL1), NrCAM, and Neurofascin, are one of the most well known groups of IgSF CAMs and are widely studied in the nervous system. L1CAM proteins ca ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather than its motor properties, or a combination of the two. To control for this, a set of mirro ...
... Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather than its motor properties, or a combination of the two. To control for this, a set of mirro ...
Sample
... Incorrect: Incorrect. The neuron is the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and sends messages within that system. Answer: C Type: MC ...
... Incorrect: Incorrect. The neuron is the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and sends messages within that system. Answer: C Type: MC ...
The thesis
... MIP-1-alpha, but no neurotrophic factors. The neurons and astrocytes in the ventral horn of grafted animals also produced IL-6 and MIP-1-alpha. The infusion of function-blocking antibodies against all cytokines into the grafted cords completely abolished their motoneuronrescuing effect, while neutra ...
... MIP-1-alpha, but no neurotrophic factors. The neurons and astrocytes in the ventral horn of grafted animals also produced IL-6 and MIP-1-alpha. The infusion of function-blocking antibodies against all cytokines into the grafted cords completely abolished their motoneuronrescuing effect, while neutra ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: responses to combinations of orientations might be a mor ...
... been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: responses to combinations of orientations might be a mor ...
Signaling of Cell Death and Cell Survival Following Focal Cerebral
... Abstract. Focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) results in necrosis at the infarct core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. Recent studies have shown activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase-mediated cel ...
... Abstract. Focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) results in necrosis at the infarct core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. Recent studies have shown activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase-mediated cel ...
Running Improves Pattern Separation during Novel Object
... (electric shock) reinforcement strategies to generate detectable behavioral output. The important contribution of emotions would be consistent with anatomical data, showing extensive hippocampal connectivity with subcortical structures like dorsal raphe, VTA, locus coeruleus, amygdala and nucleus ac ...
... (electric shock) reinforcement strategies to generate detectable behavioral output. The important contribution of emotions would be consistent with anatomical data, showing extensive hippocampal connectivity with subcortical structures like dorsal raphe, VTA, locus coeruleus, amygdala and nucleus ac ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.