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Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
... One of these is concerned with ’Bottom-up specification, design, and construction of a succession of computational models of brain function’. Our research is concerned with just such a computational model. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have long been seen as a computational equivalent of the br ...
Behavioural Brain Research Multisensory contributions to the
... senses can potentially support interactions of an integrative nature at a variety of levels along the sensory pathways, from the most peripheral stages up to the cortical association areas of the central nervous system. Multisensory interactions of an integrative kind involve exploiting two correlat ...
... senses can potentially support interactions of an integrative nature at a variety of levels along the sensory pathways, from the most peripheral stages up to the cortical association areas of the central nervous system. Multisensory interactions of an integrative kind involve exploiting two correlat ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... Why is this surround influence on neuronal response important to investigate? One reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to ...
... Why is this surround influence on neuronal response important to investigate? One reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to ...
- TestbankU
... Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his ...
... Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his ...
Hypothalamus and Animals
... metabolic atmosphere necessary for everything within the body to function. Mammals need to maintain certain metabolic conditions, unlike reptiles and other cold-blooded animals. In an article written by Robert C. Byrd, the hormone kisspeptin is discussed. Kisspeptin is crucial towards normal fertili ...
... metabolic atmosphere necessary for everything within the body to function. Mammals need to maintain certain metabolic conditions, unlike reptiles and other cold-blooded animals. In an article written by Robert C. Byrd, the hormone kisspeptin is discussed. Kisspeptin is crucial towards normal fertili ...
MIRROR NEURON FUNCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
Topical Review
... growth-inhibitory molecules are induced by stroke during the initial periods of axonal sprouting: neurocan, NG2, EphB1, ephrin A5 and MAG.41,49 These molecules are induced directly in regions in which growth cone proteins, such as GAP43, CAP23, MARCKS and SPRR1 are upregulated, and in a pattern of o ...
... growth-inhibitory molecules are induced by stroke during the initial periods of axonal sprouting: neurocan, NG2, EphB1, ephrin A5 and MAG.41,49 These molecules are induced directly in regions in which growth cone proteins, such as GAP43, CAP23, MARCKS and SPRR1 are upregulated, and in a pattern of o ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... random noisy input was provided to all units in one of the two areas (area 1). In some simulations, the mean interarea delay was increased to 8 ms to mimic a greater separation between the areas. In other simulations, excitatory NMDA synaptic channels were incorporated. These NMDA channels were used ...
... random noisy input was provided to all units in one of the two areas (area 1). In some simulations, the mean interarea delay was increased to 8 ms to mimic a greater separation between the areas. In other simulations, excitatory NMDA synaptic channels were incorporated. These NMDA channels were used ...
resumo_pertes_mecani..
... Following an action potential is a brief period of hyperpolarization during which the resting membrane potential of most nerve cells becomes notably negative. This occurs because of inactivation of Na channels, an influx of negative chloride ions, and continued efflux of K ions. When hyperpolarizati ...
... Following an action potential is a brief period of hyperpolarization during which the resting membrane potential of most nerve cells becomes notably negative. This occurs because of inactivation of Na channels, an influx of negative chloride ions, and continued efflux of K ions. When hyperpolarizati ...
Mitchell, Silas Weir
... which revolutionized the understanding of nerve injuries. The initial publication of Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries was expanded in 1872 in the monograph Injuries to Nerves and their Consequences, dedicated to William Hammond, which through many editions became the standard reference to nerve inj ...
... which revolutionized the understanding of nerve injuries. The initial publication of Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries was expanded in 1872 in the monograph Injuries to Nerves and their Consequences, dedicated to William Hammond, which through many editions became the standard reference to nerve inj ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... by the cortex, we need to understand the nature of the processing undertaken by each layer. A natural starting place is layer 4, the layer in which sensory input first arrives. In recent years, studies in cat primary visual cortex (V1) and rodent primary somatosensory cortex (S1) have converged on i ...
... by the cortex, we need to understand the nature of the processing undertaken by each layer. A natural starting place is layer 4, the layer in which sensory input first arrives. In recent years, studies in cat primary visual cortex (V1) and rodent primary somatosensory cortex (S1) have converged on i ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... mice, respectively (Mastro et al., 2014) (Fig. 1). The striatal projections of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons are selective for GABAergic interneurons (Mastro et al., 2014), suggesting that they are distinct from Arky-GPe neurons. Lhx6 and PV-GPe neurons represent largely nonoverlapping populations in the ...
... mice, respectively (Mastro et al., 2014) (Fig. 1). The striatal projections of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons are selective for GABAergic interneurons (Mastro et al., 2014), suggesting that they are distinct from Arky-GPe neurons. Lhx6 and PV-GPe neurons represent largely nonoverlapping populations in the ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... in L6. Secondary motor cortex (M2) inputs excited neurons mainly in L5B, including pyramidal tract neurons. In contrast, thalamocortical inputs from anterior motor-related thalamic regions, including VA/VL (ventral anterior thalamic nucleus/ventrolateral thalamic nucleus), targeted neurons in L2/3 t ...
... in L6. Secondary motor cortex (M2) inputs excited neurons mainly in L5B, including pyramidal tract neurons. In contrast, thalamocortical inputs from anterior motor-related thalamic regions, including VA/VL (ventral anterior thalamic nucleus/ventrolateral thalamic nucleus), targeted neurons in L2/3 t ...
Multimodality Imaging
... is promising in that the contrast mechanism for the signals is closely related to that of intrinsic optical imaging of exposed cortex using visible light. Because of this, NIRS is an inexpensive means of assessing the newborn or the ischemic brain oxygenation. As such, it is ideal for combination st ...
... is promising in that the contrast mechanism for the signals is closely related to that of intrinsic optical imaging of exposed cortex using visible light. Because of this, NIRS is an inexpensive means of assessing the newborn or the ischemic brain oxygenation. As such, it is ideal for combination st ...
PDF
... distributed primarily in the granule cell areas surrounding the VCN (Fig. IB). The thin (<0.5 pm) labeled fibers entered the cochlear nucleus from its medial aspect by way of the dorsal and intermediate acoustic striae. These thin fibers branched repeatedly and distributed numerous en passant and te ...
... distributed primarily in the granule cell areas surrounding the VCN (Fig. IB). The thin (<0.5 pm) labeled fibers entered the cochlear nucleus from its medial aspect by way of the dorsal and intermediate acoustic striae. These thin fibers branched repeatedly and distributed numerous en passant and te ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... Also, could we use ERPs to study trace vs delay and involvement of other structures; DCVs (from drosophila) elevated? We have defined the phenotype well enough to use it in evaluating effects of various kinds of drugs Essential answers we still need to get; does phenotype reverse with onset of FMR1 ...
... Also, could we use ERPs to study trace vs delay and involvement of other structures; DCVs (from drosophila) elevated? We have defined the phenotype well enough to use it in evaluating effects of various kinds of drugs Essential answers we still need to get; does phenotype reverse with onset of FMR1 ...
Single-Unit Analysis of the Spinal Dorsal Horn in Patients With
... neurons. In the case of deafferented pain (i.e., interruption of the primary afferent pathway between the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord), most of these results provide evidence for higher spontaneous firing rates of dorsal horn neurons, often associated with an irregular “burst” activity. ...
... neurons. In the case of deafferented pain (i.e., interruption of the primary afferent pathway between the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord), most of these results provide evidence for higher spontaneous firing rates of dorsal horn neurons, often associated with an irregular “burst” activity. ...
Transcripts/2_4 1
... field, not the retina). You can’t see to the left, half of the visual field, and it is homonymous (same in both eyes). You would have the same thing if you took out the entire primary visual cortex on the right. h. When you go from LGN to primary visual cortex, the axons are diffuse and go out throu ...
... field, not the retina). You can’t see to the left, half of the visual field, and it is homonymous (same in both eyes). You would have the same thing if you took out the entire primary visual cortex on the right. h. When you go from LGN to primary visual cortex, the axons are diffuse and go out throu ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... During development, axons form branches in response to extracellular molecules. Little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigate how neurotrophin-induced axon branching is related to synaptic vesicle cycling for thalamocortical axons. The exogenous application of brain ...
... During development, axons form branches in response to extracellular molecules. Little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigate how neurotrophin-induced axon branching is related to synaptic vesicle cycling for thalamocortical axons. The exogenous application of brain ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... in the network is labeled with a grey-scale value (black ! white) that represents continuouslychanging size preference from small values to large values. Small white dots indicate the lateral input connections to the neuron marked with the big white dot. The size preferences are organized systematic ...
... in the network is labeled with a grey-scale value (black ! white) that represents continuouslychanging size preference from small values to large values. Small white dots indicate the lateral input connections to the neuron marked with the big white dot. The size preferences are organized systematic ...
Neurophysiology of sleep-wake states in relation to consciousness
... hyperpolarization with membrane potentials lower than -60 mV (Steriade, 199l). This firing mode can be called the ‘oscillatory’ mode. The high voltage, irregular and low frequency waves of slow wave sleep, become manifest when neurons undergo a further hyperpolarization to about -70 till -90 mV. De ...
... hyperpolarization with membrane potentials lower than -60 mV (Steriade, 199l). This firing mode can be called the ‘oscillatory’ mode. The high voltage, irregular and low frequency waves of slow wave sleep, become manifest when neurons undergo a further hyperpolarization to about -70 till -90 mV. De ...
Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in
... group and they also showed a higher frequency of use. Despite the differences in absolute numbers, the χ2 tests only showed statistical trends. Ayahuasca users had taken ayahuasca an average of 123 times (range: 50–352). They had been using ayahuasca for an average of 5.3 years (range: 2–13) and the ...
... group and they also showed a higher frequency of use. Despite the differences in absolute numbers, the χ2 tests only showed statistical trends. Ayahuasca users had taken ayahuasca an average of 123 times (range: 50–352). They had been using ayahuasca for an average of 5.3 years (range: 2–13) and the ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.