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the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... that the macaque closed the mouth to try to reject the stimulus; and ⫺2 indicates that the macaque used the hand to push away the stimulus from the mouth (Rolls et al., 1977, 1989). This rating scale has been extensively validated by comparison with neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus and ...
... that the macaque closed the mouth to try to reject the stimulus; and ⫺2 indicates that the macaque used the hand to push away the stimulus from the mouth (Rolls et al., 1977, 1989). This rating scale has been extensively validated by comparison with neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus and ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... (Dementia and Depression – whether the senescence has to look like that?) Introduced by: Teresa Zalewska ...
... (Dementia and Depression – whether the senescence has to look like that?) Introduced by: Teresa Zalewska ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during whic ...
... At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during whic ...
learning motor skills by imitation: a biologically inspired robotic model
... 1996; Whiten & Ham, 1992)). Note that recent studies in humans measured an increased activity of left Broca’s area (area 45) (Rizzolati et al., 1996b) and in the left dorsal premotor area 6,2 during both observation and execution of hand actions. The discovery of the mirror system in monkeys is very ...
... 1996; Whiten & Ham, 1992)). Note that recent studies in humans measured an increased activity of left Broca’s area (area 45) (Rizzolati et al., 1996b) and in the left dorsal premotor area 6,2 during both observation and execution of hand actions. The discovery of the mirror system in monkeys is very ...
MRM spectrscopy
... along that axis. Application of a narrow radio frequency pulse at 64 MHz in the presence of this strong gradient excites only those protons in a very narrow slice, which satisfies the resonance condition. Thus, to make higher resolution images, one must use much stronger gradients. The gradients for ...
... along that axis. Application of a narrow radio frequency pulse at 64 MHz in the presence of this strong gradient excites only those protons in a very narrow slice, which satisfies the resonance condition. Thus, to make higher resolution images, one must use much stronger gradients. The gradients for ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... The nature of the neural code the nervous system uses for computing and representing information remains controversial. A widely held view is that stimulus features are coded in the mean firing rates of neurons, referred to as rate coding (Adrian, 1928; Stein, 1967; Barlow, 1972). Rate coding is bas ...
... The nature of the neural code the nervous system uses for computing and representing information remains controversial. A widely held view is that stimulus features are coded in the mean firing rates of neurons, referred to as rate coding (Adrian, 1928; Stein, 1967; Barlow, 1972). Rate coding is bas ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In comparison with cells of Area 1, response properties of cells in Area 3b can be described as relatively simple or ...
... input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In comparison with cells of Area 1, response properties of cells in Area 3b can be described as relatively simple or ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain processes information for contralateral side o Uncrossed pathways work on t ...
... ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain processes information for contralateral side o Uncrossed pathways work on t ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... The quintessential platform for manipulating neural activity would require limited to no specialized equipment and provide noninvasive, multiplexed spatiotemporal control of molecularly circumscribed cell types ranging from single synapses to entire ensembles of neurons; chemogenetic tools meet many ...
... The quintessential platform for manipulating neural activity would require limited to no specialized equipment and provide noninvasive, multiplexed spatiotemporal control of molecularly circumscribed cell types ranging from single synapses to entire ensembles of neurons; chemogenetic tools meet many ...
PDF
... the NAc in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers adequate spatial and temporal resolution to allow the identification of neural correlates of higher brain functions (Horwits et al., 2000). A prototypical cued response task called monetary incentive delay (MID) task was developed ...
... the NAc in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers adequate spatial and temporal resolution to allow the identification of neural correlates of higher brain functions (Horwits et al., 2000). A prototypical cued response task called monetary incentive delay (MID) task was developed ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... described a few years earlier by Rose and his colleagues ( 1966) for neurons in the inferior colliculus. The discharges of certain cortical cells responding to low-stimulus frequencies were shown to be a periodic function of ITD, and when this property was studied at several different frequencies an ...
... described a few years earlier by Rose and his colleagues ( 1966) for neurons in the inferior colliculus. The discharges of certain cortical cells responding to low-stimulus frequencies were shown to be a periodic function of ITD, and when this property was studied at several different frequencies an ...
Functional Organization of Nervous System
... Bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons enclosed in three layers of connective tissue Endoneurium – wraps each axon Perineurium – wraps a bundle (fascicle) of axons Epineurium – wraps the entire nerve ...
... Bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons enclosed in three layers of connective tissue Endoneurium – wraps each axon Perineurium – wraps a bundle (fascicle) of axons Epineurium – wraps the entire nerve ...
The Brain and Cranial Nerves in Fish
... beginnings. The nervous system of the dogfish should be studied carefully since the basic structure of the nervous system can be seen exceptionally well. Not only can the system be easily exposed by the removal of cartilage, but it is in a morphologically primitive and generalised stage. Various ner ...
... beginnings. The nervous system of the dogfish should be studied carefully since the basic structure of the nervous system can be seen exceptionally well. Not only can the system be easily exposed by the removal of cartilage, but it is in a morphologically primitive and generalised stage. Various ner ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... » Consists of neurons that carry signals to thoracic and abdominal viscera; critical for maintaining homeostasis of body’s internal environment » Regulates secretion of certain glands, contraction of smooth muscle, and contraction of cardiac muscle in heart; involuntary (aka involuntary motor divisi ...
... » Consists of neurons that carry signals to thoracic and abdominal viscera; critical for maintaining homeostasis of body’s internal environment » Regulates secretion of certain glands, contraction of smooth muscle, and contraction of cardiac muscle in heart; involuntary (aka involuntary motor divisi ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... There are several types of structural changes associated to various forms of activity-dependent alterations in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Early examples come from studies of sensory deprivation during critical periods of postnatal development. In kittens, using monocular deprivation Hubel a ...
... There are several types of structural changes associated to various forms of activity-dependent alterations in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Early examples come from studies of sensory deprivation during critical periods of postnatal development. In kittens, using monocular deprivation Hubel a ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... of 2 different conditions. The first part of the task was identical in the 2 conditions: starting from a fixed position (Fig. 1A, left), the monkey was required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and ...
... of 2 different conditions. The first part of the task was identical in the 2 conditions: starting from a fixed position (Fig. 1A, left), the monkey was required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and ...
Cholecystokinin Modulates Migration of
... min, final extension 68°C for 7 min. A second round of PCR was conducted using 1 l of undiluted RT-PCR product, which was amplified using CCK inner forward and reverse primers. For each reaction, 30.5 l of nuclease-free H2O, 5 l of 10⫻ PCR GOLD buffer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), 4 l o ...
... min, final extension 68°C for 7 min. A second round of PCR was conducted using 1 l of undiluted RT-PCR product, which was amplified using CCK inner forward and reverse primers. For each reaction, 30.5 l of nuclease-free H2O, 5 l of 10⫻ PCR GOLD buffer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), 4 l o ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... With this thesis I strive to open the debate and point the reader towards a critical reconsideration of what we currently know and think about the mirror neurons. I commence my efforts by providing a thorough introduction to the neurobiological background of the primate action observation–execution ...
... With this thesis I strive to open the debate and point the reader towards a critical reconsideration of what we currently know and think about the mirror neurons. I commence my efforts by providing a thorough introduction to the neurobiological background of the primate action observation–execution ...
Glucocorticoids Enhance the Excitability of Principal Basolateral
... current pulse. However, qualitatively identical results were obtained when we used a constant interval based on measurements of time-topeak of the AHP in vehicle-treated cells. In the case of spike AHPs, the same postspike interval was used to measure AHP amplitudes in both cell groups, as determine ...
... current pulse. However, qualitatively identical results were obtained when we used a constant interval based on measurements of time-topeak of the AHP in vehicle-treated cells. In the case of spike AHPs, the same postspike interval was used to measure AHP amplitudes in both cell groups, as determine ...
Scientific Basis of Pain
... Pain Transmission • Nociceptors (primary sensory afferents) have cell body in dorsal root ganglia; synapse to second-order neurons in dorsal horn of spinal cord • Pain impulses can trigger a withdrawal reflex via connections to motor neurons in the spinal cord • Impulses ascend to brain via variou ...
... Pain Transmission • Nociceptors (primary sensory afferents) have cell body in dorsal root ganglia; synapse to second-order neurons in dorsal horn of spinal cord • Pain impulses can trigger a withdrawal reflex via connections to motor neurons in the spinal cord • Impulses ascend to brain via variou ...
Segundo trabajo
... which activates several well-defined signaling cascades (Airaksinen and Saarma, 2002; Huang and Reichardt, 2003; Segal, 2003). The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret (Jing et al., 1996; Treanor et al., 1996; Trupp et al., 1996) is an important component in the signaling cascade activated by members of the ...
... which activates several well-defined signaling cascades (Airaksinen and Saarma, 2002; Huang and Reichardt, 2003; Segal, 2003). The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret (Jing et al., 1996; Treanor et al., 1996; Trupp et al., 1996) is an important component in the signaling cascade activated by members of the ...
Full text article
... the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of GnRH neurons must occur. The GnRH neurons extend their neurosecretory axons to the hypothalamus where GnRH is released into the pituitary portal vessels to elicit the secretion of LH and FSH, which in turn, will pr ...
... the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of GnRH neurons must occur. The GnRH neurons extend their neurosecretory axons to the hypothalamus where GnRH is released into the pituitary portal vessels to elicit the secretion of LH and FSH, which in turn, will pr ...
Exam II Questions / Answers
... When gated ion channels are open, ions diffuse quickly across the plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
... When gated ion channels are open, ions diffuse quickly across the plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
Berridge, K.C.Brain reward systems for food incentives and
... when we consider a related example: anencephalic infants cry and vocalize and even a decerebrate rat squeaks and emits distress cries if its tail gets pinched. But no one would suggest the vocal ability of anencephalic infants to cry and decerebrate rats to squeak means that normal human speech is m ...
... when we consider a related example: anencephalic infants cry and vocalize and even a decerebrate rat squeaks and emits distress cries if its tail gets pinched. But no one would suggest the vocal ability of anencephalic infants to cry and decerebrate rats to squeak means that normal human speech is m ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... aspects such as action and perception, valuation and learning, which implies a heavy interaction and cooperation among different brain areas (Rangel & Hare, 2010). Understanding the mechanism of valuation and decision-making is of high interest to psychologists and neuroscientists, but quite reasona ...
... aspects such as action and perception, valuation and learning, which implies a heavy interaction and cooperation among different brain areas (Rangel & Hare, 2010). Understanding the mechanism of valuation and decision-making is of high interest to psychologists and neuroscientists, but quite reasona ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.