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Behavioral Detectability of Single-Cell Stimulation in the Ventral
... cells in whisker-related parts of the thalamus, we applied microstimulawe only mildly punished licks in the interstimulus interval with an addition at intensities (8 –15 A) slightly higher than during psychophysical tional 1.5 s delay to the next stimulus presentation. The average interexperiments ...
... cells in whisker-related parts of the thalamus, we applied microstimulawe only mildly punished licks in the interstimulus interval with an addition at intensities (8 –15 A) slightly higher than during psychophysical tional 1.5 s delay to the next stimulus presentation. The average interexperiments ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... COMPOSED OF THREE TERRITORIES Anatomical studies have provided major contributions to the present understanding of the neuronal circuits that connect the frontal cortical areas and the BG (Figure 1). In particular, the transneuronal transport of viruses such as herpes simplex ...
... COMPOSED OF THREE TERRITORIES Anatomical studies have provided major contributions to the present understanding of the neuronal circuits that connect the frontal cortical areas and the BG (Figure 1). In particular, the transneuronal transport of viruses such as herpes simplex ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... The high-order mental abilities An emerging property of specialized neural networks The number of neurons in the central nervous systems 1012 We aim to understand the principal organization of neuron-like elements and how such structures can support and enable particular mental processes. ...
... The high-order mental abilities An emerging property of specialized neural networks The number of neurons in the central nervous systems 1012 We aim to understand the principal organization of neuron-like elements and how such structures can support and enable particular mental processes. ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... have been inspired by the human brain model - trying to simulate it on a computer. ANN are simple models of a collection of brain cells. They have some of the same basic properties of the brain cells, and are able to learn, classify, recognize, compute functions and generalize or reason. The human b ...
... have been inspired by the human brain model - trying to simulate it on a computer. ANN are simple models of a collection of brain cells. They have some of the same basic properties of the brain cells, and are able to learn, classify, recognize, compute functions and generalize or reason. The human b ...
Motor disorders
... deficits associated with discrete cerebellar lesions caused by gunshot wounds. These descriptions are still considered to be the fundamental basis for our understanding of clinical cerebellar syndromes. Based on Holmes's work, the clinical manifestations of cerebellar disease can be divided into bas ...
... deficits associated with discrete cerebellar lesions caused by gunshot wounds. These descriptions are still considered to be the fundamental basis for our understanding of clinical cerebellar syndromes. Based on Holmes's work, the clinical manifestations of cerebellar disease can be divided into bas ...
1 Neural Affective Decision Theory: Choices, Brains, and Emotions
... ANDREA simulates how interactions of the dopamine and serotonin systems with the amygdala and other brain areas may enable this asymmetric assessment of positive and negative outcomes. Principle 4. Framing. The last principle states that judgments and decisions vary depending on how the context and ...
... ANDREA simulates how interactions of the dopamine and serotonin systems with the amygdala and other brain areas may enable this asymmetric assessment of positive and negative outcomes. Principle 4. Framing. The last principle states that judgments and decisions vary depending on how the context and ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... Our visual perception of the external world relies on neural activity across a hierarchy of visual cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we ...
... Our visual perception of the external world relies on neural activity across a hierarchy of visual cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we ...
Physiology and mathematical modeling of the auditory system
... frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is that localized brain lesions anywhere along the auditory pathway usually have no obviou ...
... frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is that localized brain lesions anywhere along the auditory pathway usually have no obviou ...
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation
... the same brain region between subjects is compromised. Prior spatial information is required to overcome the partial volume problem. This information can be provided by fMRI if the brain activations measured by fMRI and DOI are correlated in space and time. Again, NIRS has demonstrated the promise a ...
... the same brain region between subjects is compromised. Prior spatial information is required to overcome the partial volume problem. This information can be provided by fMRI if the brain activations measured by fMRI and DOI are correlated in space and time. Again, NIRS has demonstrated the promise a ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... of the guide tube wasperformedunder anesthesiawith ketathat monkey must fixate after the central fixation point went off (saccade task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while t ...
... of the guide tube wasperformedunder anesthesiawith ketathat monkey must fixate after the central fixation point went off (saccade task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while t ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... We present a view of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as a sensorimotor interface for visually guided movements. Special attention is given to the role of the PPC in arm movement planning, where representations of target position and current hand position in an eye-centered frame of reference app ...
... We present a view of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as a sensorimotor interface for visually guided movements. Special attention is given to the role of the PPC in arm movement planning, where representations of target position and current hand position in an eye-centered frame of reference app ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... hemisphere. On the basis of this fundamental and subsequent observations, a classic theory of asymmetry was formulated comprising the existence of a single dominant (left) hemisphere and the presence of asymmetry exclusively in humans, in the cerebral cortex. The theory of asymmetry discouraged scie ...
... hemisphere. On the basis of this fundamental and subsequent observations, a classic theory of asymmetry was formulated comprising the existence of a single dominant (left) hemisphere and the presence of asymmetry exclusively in humans, in the cerebral cortex. The theory of asymmetry discouraged scie ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... messages are transmitted by the optic nerve to a nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and from there to the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex. The task of the cerebral cortex is to reconstruct these messages so that the brain can ‘see’ the image. At the time of their exp ...
... messages are transmitted by the optic nerve to a nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and from there to the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex. The task of the cerebral cortex is to reconstruct these messages so that the brain can ‘see’ the image. At the time of their exp ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... mapped with multiple stimulus trials was usually confined to approximately one quadrant of VAS. As a rule, VSRFs were very stable over the several hours during which we studied a neuron (Brugge et al., 1994). We applied three metrics to the VSRF (also see Brugge et al., 1996). For each VSRF we compu ...
... mapped with multiple stimulus trials was usually confined to approximately one quadrant of VAS. As a rule, VSRFs were very stable over the several hours during which we studied a neuron (Brugge et al., 1994). We applied three metrics to the VSRF (also see Brugge et al., 1996). For each VSRF we compu ...
The PLAT domain of LOV-1 interacts with ATP-2 to
... HOB neurons (right). Middle left, cilium, dendrite, cell body, and axon of the dorsal CEM (CEMD) and ventral CEM (CEMV)) neuron are drawn in the male head diagram. CEMD and CEMV are arranged as left-right pairs (one side shown here). Cilia are in the nose region (dashed rectangular box). The pharynx ...
... HOB neurons (right). Middle left, cilium, dendrite, cell body, and axon of the dorsal CEM (CEMD) and ventral CEM (CEMV)) neuron are drawn in the male head diagram. CEMD and CEMV are arranged as left-right pairs (one side shown here). Cilia are in the nose region (dashed rectangular box). The pharynx ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla
... Glutamate agonists and antagonists were microinjected in 20 young adult rats, weighing 170 –380 g. The pontomedullary inhibitory site was identified by electrical stimulation. Then, a Hamilton 1-l microsyringe (25 sG, Model 7001) was inserted into that site according to the stereotaxic parameters. ...
... Glutamate agonists and antagonists were microinjected in 20 young adult rats, weighing 170 –380 g. The pontomedullary inhibitory site was identified by electrical stimulation. Then, a Hamilton 1-l microsyringe (25 sG, Model 7001) was inserted into that site according to the stereotaxic parameters. ...
Realizing Biological Spiking Network Models in a Configurable
... one can picture the bus lanes to “compete” for connections to the synapse drivers. Since the synaptic address decoders are programmable, all synapse drivers are largely equivalent. Therefore, it is initially most important to specify how many synapse drivers each Layer-1 lane should connect to, but ...
... one can picture the bus lanes to “compete” for connections to the synapse drivers. Since the synaptic address decoders are programmable, all synapse drivers are largely equivalent. Therefore, it is initially most important to specify how many synapse drivers each Layer-1 lane should connect to, but ...
1 Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology
... When considering the dose, some investigators might be tempted to begin with high doses of a hormone just to be sure that they see an effect. Results from high doses, however, can be very misleading. A bell-shaped curve showing the relationship between a hormone and a behavior is frequently found in ...
... When considering the dose, some investigators might be tempted to begin with high doses of a hormone just to be sure that they see an effect. Results from high doses, however, can be very misleading. A bell-shaped curve showing the relationship between a hormone and a behavior is frequently found in ...
Chapter 7
... Axonal terminals contain vesicles with neurotransmitters Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap Synaptic cleft—gap between adjacent neurons Synapse—junction between nerves ...
... Axonal terminals contain vesicles with neurotransmitters Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap Synaptic cleft—gap between adjacent neurons Synapse—junction between nerves ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... But learning is guided by neural activities, which in turn are governed by the acquired synapses. Hence, for these models to make a leap toward a realistic description of learning, as it results from the dynamical interaction with the environment, a mechanism has to be incorporated in the model to d ...
... But learning is guided by neural activities, which in turn are governed by the acquired synapses. Hence, for these models to make a leap toward a realistic description of learning, as it results from the dynamical interaction with the environment, a mechanism has to be incorporated in the model to d ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... Figure 2. Ube3a YFP undergoes preferential maternal-specific expression in neurons and biallelic expression in GFAP cells lining the ventricles. (A) Ube3a YFP expression was detected in pyramidal (Py) neurons in the cortex (CTX) and the CA1 region of hippocampus when inherited through the maternal ( ...
... Figure 2. Ube3a YFP undergoes preferential maternal-specific expression in neurons and biallelic expression in GFAP cells lining the ventricles. (A) Ube3a YFP expression was detected in pyramidal (Py) neurons in the cortex (CTX) and the CA1 region of hippocampus when inherited through the maternal ( ...
Enriched Expression of GluD1 in Higher Brain Regions and Its
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
... Of the two members of the ␦ subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expr ...
Shapes and Level Tolerances of Frequency Tuning Curves in
... that constancy in frequency selectivity across intensity (called “level tolerance”) is essential for information processing in echolocating mustached bats. Despite the importance of intensity invariant processing in auditory perception, very little is known about the neurophysiology underlying it. T ...
... that constancy in frequency selectivity across intensity (called “level tolerance”) is essential for information processing in echolocating mustached bats. Despite the importance of intensity invariant processing in auditory perception, very little is known about the neurophysiology underlying it. T ...
Word - The Open University
... especially in behaviour, arise during development. Development, the transformation of the single cell, the zygote, into an adult organism with billions of cells, numerous organs and an intricate, functioning nervous system, is one of the most remarkable feats of living systems. The process begins wh ...
... especially in behaviour, arise during development. Development, the transformation of the single cell, the zygote, into an adult organism with billions of cells, numerous organs and an intricate, functioning nervous system, is one of the most remarkable feats of living systems. The process begins wh ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.