Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain
... (Fig. 2a, b). These warm-PNs project to the lateral protocerebrum (Extended Data Fig. 2). Warm-PNs responded better to fast warming than to slow warming, and they showed adaptation to prolonged temperature increases (Fig. 2b and Extended Data Fig. 3). Their responses were abolished by removing the a ...
... (Fig. 2a, b). These warm-PNs project to the lateral protocerebrum (Extended Data Fig. 2). Warm-PNs responded better to fast warming than to slow warming, and they showed adaptation to prolonged temperature increases (Fig. 2b and Extended Data Fig. 3). Their responses were abolished by removing the a ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of neurons within a region (Meyer and Olson, 2011; Egner et al. ...
... 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of neurons within a region (Meyer and Olson, 2011; Egner et al. ...
Natural Antioxidants May Prevent Posttraumatic Epilepsy: A
... Head injury or hemorrhagic cortical infarction results in extravasation of blood and breakdown of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron liberated from hemoglobin, and hemoglobin itself, are associated with the generation of reactiveoxygen species(ROS)and reactivenitrogen species(RNS). ROS and RNS hav ...
... Head injury or hemorrhagic cortical infarction results in extravasation of blood and breakdown of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron liberated from hemoglobin, and hemoglobin itself, are associated with the generation of reactiveoxygen species(ROS)and reactivenitrogen species(RNS). ROS and RNS hav ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... everyday behaviours spontaneously (Laplane and Baulac, 1984; Caplan et al., 1990). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may be less motivated in achieving goals and may also show symptoms of depression (Pluck and Brown, 2002). These observations, as well as many others not described here, suggest that ...
... everyday behaviours spontaneously (Laplane and Baulac, 1984; Caplan et al., 1990). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may be less motivated in achieving goals and may also show symptoms of depression (Pluck and Brown, 2002). These observations, as well as many others not described here, suggest that ...
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
... touch, stretch, vibration, and hair movement are innervated by low threshold A-fibers (11). Nociceptive endings are in the vicinity of keratinocytes, mast cells, and Langerhans cells, indicating the capacity of peripheral sensory endings to monitor the status of the skin (31). Nociceptors, like othe ...
... touch, stretch, vibration, and hair movement are innervated by low threshold A-fibers (11). Nociceptive endings are in the vicinity of keratinocytes, mast cells, and Langerhans cells, indicating the capacity of peripheral sensory endings to monitor the status of the skin (31). Nociceptors, like othe ...
asgn2a -- NERVOUS SYSTEM - Indiana University Bloomington
... This exercise describes neurons briefly; Exercise asgn2f describes them in more detail. The "typical" neuron (nerve cell), illustrated in Figure 10-2a, has three specialized parts, in addition to the cell body (or soma), which carries out the basic life processes. These three parts are: 1. Several d ...
... This exercise describes neurons briefly; Exercise asgn2f describes them in more detail. The "typical" neuron (nerve cell), illustrated in Figure 10-2a, has three specialized parts, in addition to the cell body (or soma), which carries out the basic life processes. These three parts are: 1. Several d ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... similar age. It is really the acceleration of growth velocity resulting in increased height and the transition from lean skeletal growth to fat deposition that occurs earlier in girls than boys. Most information about the timing of puberty in the population at large is for girls, as breast developme ...
... similar age. It is really the acceleration of growth velocity resulting in increased height and the transition from lean skeletal growth to fat deposition that occurs earlier in girls than boys. Most information about the timing of puberty in the population at large is for girls, as breast developme ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
The Nervous System
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
... Have 3 specialized characteristics Longevity: with nutrition, can live as long as you do Amitotic: unable to reproduce themselves (so cannot be replaced) ...
Cell Surface Molecules Containing IV
... neurons are known to involve synaptic contributions from inhibitory smooth-dendritic or sparselyspiny local circuit neurons and excitatory pyramidal and spiny stellate neurons. Most of the smooth-dendritic cortical neurons contain GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, GAD. Theseneuronal types are of spe ...
... neurons are known to involve synaptic contributions from inhibitory smooth-dendritic or sparselyspiny local circuit neurons and excitatory pyramidal and spiny stellate neurons. Most of the smooth-dendritic cortical neurons contain GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, GAD. Theseneuronal types are of spe ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... necessary ordering of events in time. Then we go into detail on the working of the algorithm. 4.1 Main Elements and Data Structures. Each recurrent, instantaneous spike (event) emitted by an IF neuron of the simulated network is represented by the pair (i, t) where i is the emitting neuron and t is ...
... necessary ordering of events in time. Then we go into detail on the working of the algorithm. 4.1 Main Elements and Data Structures. Each recurrent, instantaneous spike (event) emitted by an IF neuron of the simulated network is represented by the pair (i, t) where i is the emitting neuron and t is ...
V U Z (vzw)
... Plant and animal (e.g. snake, scorpion) toxins have proven to be extremely useful in defining key components of vital physiological systems. As extensively reviewed in Trends in Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level o ...
... Plant and animal (e.g. snake, scorpion) toxins have proven to be extremely useful in defining key components of vital physiological systems. As extensively reviewed in Trends in Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level o ...
LECTURE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
... and finally send the proper impulses to the effectors which could be muscles or glands. ...
... and finally send the proper impulses to the effectors which could be muscles or glands. ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... the anterior part of cingulate gyrus and its connections with the central part of the frontal cerebral cortex increases (ibid.). Motor, emotional and cognitive functions are controlled by two neuronal pathways, being the part of cortico-subcortical loops: direct and indirect (Fig 1). These pathways ...
... the anterior part of cingulate gyrus and its connections with the central part of the frontal cerebral cortex increases (ibid.). Motor, emotional and cognitive functions are controlled by two neuronal pathways, being the part of cortico-subcortical loops: direct and indirect (Fig 1). These pathways ...
MARMORATAl - Journal of Neuroscience
... by the glia of the roots of the anterior segmental ganglia at 6 to 7 days, several days later by the interganglionic connective glia, and near the end of embryonic development by ganglionic neurons. An anterior to posterior temporal gradient is observed in the expression of these antigens. In additi ...
... by the glia of the roots of the anterior segmental ganglia at 6 to 7 days, several days later by the interganglionic connective glia, and near the end of embryonic development by ganglionic neurons. An anterior to posterior temporal gradient is observed in the expression of these antigens. In additi ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... deprivation and returns to baseline upon sleep recovery.54 Adenosine A1 receptor density also doubles with prolonged arousal.55 Adenosine binds to A1 receptors on cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, decreasing the firing of these neurons,56 thereby contributing to a reduction of cortical aro ...
... deprivation and returns to baseline upon sleep recovery.54 Adenosine A1 receptor density also doubles with prolonged arousal.55 Adenosine binds to A1 receptors on cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, decreasing the firing of these neurons,56 thereby contributing to a reduction of cortical aro ...
Specific Projection of the Sensory Crypt Cells in
... Recently, these neurons were also discovered in zebra fish using S100 proteinlike antibody (Germana et al., 2004). The fact that only four out of 24 preparations did demonstrate a specific staining of the lMOT indicates that there are few glomeruli that receive synaptic contact with the crypt cells. ...
... Recently, these neurons were also discovered in zebra fish using S100 proteinlike antibody (Germana et al., 2004). The fact that only four out of 24 preparations did demonstrate a specific staining of the lMOT indicates that there are few glomeruli that receive synaptic contact with the crypt cells. ...
Transendothelial Transport and Its Role in Therapeutics
... many synapses. These cells play primary role in synaptic transmission and information exchanges [2, 3] by operating through certain gradations, mechanisms, and transcellular functions both in healthy tissues [4, 5] and in the state of pathologies like ischemic injury [6–9]. Astrocytes influence pola ...
... many synapses. These cells play primary role in synaptic transmission and information exchanges [2, 3] by operating through certain gradations, mechanisms, and transcellular functions both in healthy tissues [4, 5] and in the state of pathologies like ischemic injury [6–9]. Astrocytes influence pola ...
Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to
... Figure 2. Strategies for opsin expression. (A) Opsins can be expressed using a transgenic approach in specific subpopulations of neurons with tissuespecific promoters such as the interneuron cell specific promoter parvalbumin (PV; circular cells are interneurons and triangles are pyramidal cells). I ...
... Figure 2. Strategies for opsin expression. (A) Opsins can be expressed using a transgenic approach in specific subpopulations of neurons with tissuespecific promoters such as the interneuron cell specific promoter parvalbumin (PV; circular cells are interneurons and triangles are pyramidal cells). I ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.