Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... 65- or 70-pm horizontal sectors and the number of cells in each of these rectangular sectors (500 x 65 or 70 pm) was counted. Multiple nonoverlapping strips were drawn from nearby areas of the same section and the cell counts from all the sectors of a given depth were added together to achieve a rea ...
... 65- or 70-pm horizontal sectors and the number of cells in each of these rectangular sectors (500 x 65 or 70 pm) was counted. Multiple nonoverlapping strips were drawn from nearby areas of the same section and the cell counts from all the sectors of a given depth were added together to achieve a rea ...
STINGLESS BEES: THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF FORAGING Abstract
... In stingless bees, the product of the mandibular glands is associated with foraging, recruiting workers to search for food and defensive behaviors, alerting the colony against possible invaders (Lindauer and Kerr, 1958, 1960; Kerr and Cruz, 1961). The workers of Scaptotrigona postica use the secreti ...
... In stingless bees, the product of the mandibular glands is associated with foraging, recruiting workers to search for food and defensive behaviors, alerting the colony against possible invaders (Lindauer and Kerr, 1958, 1960; Kerr and Cruz, 1961). The workers of Scaptotrigona postica use the secreti ...
Human Anatomy - Fisiokinesiterapia
... ANS helps maintain homeostasis through the involuntary activity of autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes. Consist of smooth muscle contractions, cardiac muscle contractions, or secretion by glands that are mediated by autonomic reflex arcs in response to a specific stimulus. Example: micturition ...
... ANS helps maintain homeostasis through the involuntary activity of autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes. Consist of smooth muscle contractions, cardiac muscle contractions, or secretion by glands that are mediated by autonomic reflex arcs in response to a specific stimulus. Example: micturition ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... ANS helps maintain homeostasis through the involuntary activity of autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes. Consist of smooth muscle contractions, cardiac muscle contractions, or secretion by glands that are mediated by autonomic reflex arcs in response to a specific stimulus. Example: micturition ...
... ANS helps maintain homeostasis through the involuntary activity of autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes. Consist of smooth muscle contractions, cardiac muscle contractions, or secretion by glands that are mediated by autonomic reflex arcs in response to a specific stimulus. Example: micturition ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
Targeting Axonal Protein Synthesis in Neuroregeneration and Degeneration REVIEW Jimena Baleriola
... mRNAs found in both datasets (Baleriola and Hengst, unpublished data). Thus, the transcriptome analysis established that exposure of axons to Aβ1-42 triggers the recruitment of a specific cohort of mRNAs that is unique to the exposure of distal axons to oligomeric Aβ1-42. For example, we found that ...
... mRNAs found in both datasets (Baleriola and Hengst, unpublished data). Thus, the transcriptome analysis established that exposure of axons to Aβ1-42 triggers the recruitment of a specific cohort of mRNAs that is unique to the exposure of distal axons to oligomeric Aβ1-42. For example, we found that ...
Bystander Attenuation Of Neuronal And Astrocyte
... communicating with other glia, and modulating synaptic communication [22-24]. Astrocytes respond to and release transmitters such as glutamate and extracellular ATP through increases in intracellular Ca2+ [25-28]. Astrocytes modulate synaptic activity and respond to the release of transmitters from ...
... communicating with other glia, and modulating synaptic communication [22-24]. Astrocytes respond to and release transmitters such as glutamate and extracellular ATP through increases in intracellular Ca2+ [25-28]. Astrocytes modulate synaptic activity and respond to the release of transmitters from ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... activity during a task discriminating between hues of gray. Then, within these areas, they tested whether the activity during retrieval of color knowledge (e.g., TAXI = yellow) was greater than that during a control task requiring subjects to evaluate whether a particular motor property was associat ...
... activity during a task discriminating between hues of gray. Then, within these areas, they tested whether the activity during retrieval of color knowledge (e.g., TAXI = yellow) was greater than that during a control task requiring subjects to evaluate whether a particular motor property was associat ...
Building silicon nervous systems with dendritic tree neuromorphs
... tree, so prominent and elaborate in neurons like the pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The classical conception of the neuron held that dendrites are inexcitable, extensions of the neuronal cell body [Eccles, 1957], expanding the neuron’s surface area for m ...
... tree, so prominent and elaborate in neurons like the pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The classical conception of the neuron held that dendrites are inexcitable, extensions of the neuronal cell body [Eccles, 1957], expanding the neuron’s surface area for m ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... GABA, and a variety of neuropeptides (Box 2). Another caveat to these experiments is that TH mRNA expression has been observed in neurons with varying levels of vesicular monoamine transporter expression, raising the possibility that some TH positive neurons may not release dopamine through a classi ...
... GABA, and a variety of neuropeptides (Box 2). Another caveat to these experiments is that TH mRNA expression has been observed in neurons with varying levels of vesicular monoamine transporter expression, raising the possibility that some TH positive neurons may not release dopamine through a classi ...
Adiponectin
... expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adiponectin reduced atherosclerotic plaques ...
... expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adiponectin reduced atherosclerotic plaques ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving cats have shown that DRN serotonergic neurons fire tonically during wakefulness (W), decrease their activi ...
... physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving cats have shown that DRN serotonergic neurons fire tonically during wakefulness (W), decrease their activi ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... specializations from two or more neurons at specific depths suggests levels at which synaptic interactions occur. However, each species of fly has its own distinctive medulla, as demonstrated by differences in the relative depths of different strata in Bodian staining (Fig. 3), as well as in the occ ...
... specializations from two or more neurons at specific depths suggests levels at which synaptic interactions occur. However, each species of fly has its own distinctive medulla, as demonstrated by differences in the relative depths of different strata in Bodian staining (Fig. 3), as well as in the occ ...
- White Rose Research Online
... and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is revie ...
... and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is revie ...
alzheimer-like changes of protein kinase b and glycogen synthase
... However, central administration of very low STZ doses (1-3 mg/kg, icv) does not alter basal blood glucose (Nitsch and Hoyer, 1991; Plaschke and Hoyer, 1993), and does not produce diabetes mellitus, but brain glucose metabolism has been found to be markedly perturbed. Namely, icv treatment of STZ in ...
... However, central administration of very low STZ doses (1-3 mg/kg, icv) does not alter basal blood glucose (Nitsch and Hoyer, 1991; Plaschke and Hoyer, 1993), and does not produce diabetes mellitus, but brain glucose metabolism has been found to be markedly perturbed. Namely, icv treatment of STZ in ...
Forced moves or good tricks in design space? Landmarks in the
... and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is revie ...
... and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is revie ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding elements tend to be on opposite sides of the mean (the space-filling effect of ...
... and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding elements tend to be on opposite sides of the mean (the space-filling effect of ...
Chapter 103: Application Of Imaging Technologies In The
... DAT in human subjects reproducibly (8). The levels of DAT occupancy by different doses of intravenous cocaine were assessed with PET and [11C]cocaine in active cocaine abusers (9). This study showed that cocaine is very effective in blocking DAT; at the doses commonly used by cocaine abusers (0.3 an ...
... DAT in human subjects reproducibly (8). The levels of DAT occupancy by different doses of intravenous cocaine were assessed with PET and [11C]cocaine in active cocaine abusers (9). This study showed that cocaine is very effective in blocking DAT; at the doses commonly used by cocaine abusers (0.3 an ...
Rhythmicity, randomness and synchrony in climbing fiber signals
... indicated by multiple peaks in autocorrelograms. These results suggest that any input to the inferior olive, whether it is inhibitory (GABA) or excitatory (glutamate), suppresses rhythmicity. The inferior olive receives abundant GABAergic inputs from the cerebellar nuclei, and excitatory inputs from ...
... indicated by multiple peaks in autocorrelograms. These results suggest that any input to the inferior olive, whether it is inhibitory (GABA) or excitatory (glutamate), suppresses rhythmicity. The inferior olive receives abundant GABAergic inputs from the cerebellar nuclei, and excitatory inputs from ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... endowed with a Mexican-hat architecture (Amari 1977; BenYishai et al. 1995), with local excitation between pyramidal cells with similar spatial preference and broad synaptic inhibition from c-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) cells. When the strength of recurrent excitatory synapses is sufficiently ...
... endowed with a Mexican-hat architecture (Amari 1977; BenYishai et al. 1995), with local excitation between pyramidal cells with similar spatial preference and broad synaptic inhibition from c-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) cells. When the strength of recurrent excitatory synapses is sufficiently ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... Sigma) were injected through an air-pressure system (Picospritzer, General Valve) and a glass micropipette (lo-50 Frn tip diameter). During the postoperative period, subjects were monitored for signs of distress, dehydration, and infection, and none were observed. Two days after injections, the anim ...
... Sigma) were injected through an air-pressure system (Picospritzer, General Valve) and a glass micropipette (lo-50 Frn tip diameter). During the postoperative period, subjects were monitored for signs of distress, dehydration, and infection, and none were observed. Two days after injections, the anim ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of neurons within a region (Meyer and Olson, 2011; Egner et al. ...
... 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of neurons within a region (Meyer and Olson, 2011; Egner et al. ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.