The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
The honeybee as a model for understanding the basis of cognition
... For example, neural recordings from honeybee brains during learning, memory formation and retrieval activities are enabling researchers to investigate the neural correlates underlying these cognitive faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components ...
... For example, neural recordings from honeybee brains during learning, memory formation and retrieval activities are enabling researchers to investigate the neural correlates underlying these cognitive faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here ...
... 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here ...
Representation of naturalistic image structure in the primate visual
... Visual texture: models and human perception “Visual texture” refers to portions of an image that are filled with repeated elements, often subject to some randomization in their location, size, color, orientation, etc; for example, an image of leaves, or pebbles, or tree bark (Fig. 1a). Lettvin (1976 ...
... Visual texture: models and human perception “Visual texture” refers to portions of an image that are filled with repeated elements, often subject to some randomization in their location, size, color, orientation, etc; for example, an image of leaves, or pebbles, or tree bark (Fig. 1a). Lettvin (1976 ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
Objectives 35 - U
... striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physically attached 2. General connections - basal ganglia have few projections downstream to brainstem and spinal cord - instead, they affect mo ...
... striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physically attached 2. General connections - basal ganglia have few projections downstream to brainstem and spinal cord - instead, they affect mo ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at one of 40 ...
... made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at one of 40 ...
pjp6`2001.vp:CorelVentura 7.0 - Institute of Pharmacology
... have profound effects on the dopaminergic neurotransmission. For example, it has been observed that corticosterone, operating via GR alters the turnover rate and release of dopamine, evokes changes in the density of dopaminergic receptors of D1 subtype, with the subsequent alteration in their mRNA l ...
... have profound effects on the dopaminergic neurotransmission. For example, it has been observed that corticosterone, operating via GR alters the turnover rate and release of dopamine, evokes changes in the density of dopaminergic receptors of D1 subtype, with the subsequent alteration in their mRNA l ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... Behavioral task Monkeys were trained on two visually guided saccade tasks. Visual stimuli consisted of small squares of light (0.8 deg square) backprojected on a tangential screen positioned 28 cm from the eyes. Visual displays and data storage were controlled using computers running a QNIX-based re ...
... Behavioral task Monkeys were trained on two visually guided saccade tasks. Visual stimuli consisted of small squares of light (0.8 deg square) backprojected on a tangential screen positioned 28 cm from the eyes. Visual displays and data storage were controlled using computers running a QNIX-based re ...
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices
... stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in which the slice is not stimulated. This suggests that some neurons in a “resting” brain slice must be active spontaneously and raises the issues of what is the natur ...
... stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in which the slice is not stimulated. This suggests that some neurons in a “resting” brain slice must be active spontaneously and raises the issues of what is the natur ...
Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms in mouse V1
... is maintained but some correlate, the maintenance of which happens also to keep firing rates stable. Second, one has to ask what, exactly, does the homeostat measure? The rate of action potentials averaged over some time is an abstract concept, but homeostatic mechanisms in the brain must measure so ...
... is maintained but some correlate, the maintenance of which happens also to keep firing rates stable. Second, one has to ask what, exactly, does the homeostat measure? The rate of action potentials averaged over some time is an abstract concept, but homeostatic mechanisms in the brain must measure so ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... 1994; Das and Gilbert, 1995; Toth et al., 1994: I3ringuier et al., 1999) have shown that subthreshold synaptic inputs to Vl neurons can arise from a much wider region ...
... 1994; Das and Gilbert, 1995; Toth et al., 1994: I3ringuier et al., 1999) have shown that subthreshold synaptic inputs to Vl neurons can arise from a much wider region ...
A Synapse Plasticity Model for Conceptual Drift Problems Ashwin Ram ()
... The network is allowed to propagate action potentials until all action potentials have propagated in the network (reached output neurons or were filtered). At each timestep, the values of the output nodes are noted, and once complete, the resulting “spike train” is analyzed for output. Biological ne ...
... The network is allowed to propagate action potentials until all action potentials have propagated in the network (reached output neurons or were filtered). At each timestep, the values of the output nodes are noted, and once complete, the resulting “spike train” is analyzed for output. Biological ne ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
Synaptic Neurotransmission and the Anatomically Addressed
... 2-4), so it is a good thing that this site is endowed with the ability to restore itself through the production, migration, and differentiation of precursor cells into new functioning neurons (Figures 2-3 and 2-4). Neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be stimulated through learning, psychotherapy, ex ...
... 2-4), so it is a good thing that this site is endowed with the ability to restore itself through the production, migration, and differentiation of precursor cells into new functioning neurons (Figures 2-3 and 2-4). Neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be stimulated through learning, psychotherapy, ex ...