Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... 1990; Ono et al., 2006). Most of the central pattern generators (CPGs) are not dedicated to producing a fixed motor pattern, but can assume different functional configurations and produce various motor patterns according to afferent inputs (Morton and Chiel, 1994; Dickinson, 1995; Marder and Calabre ...
... 1990; Ono et al., 2006). Most of the central pattern generators (CPGs) are not dedicated to producing a fixed motor pattern, but can assume different functional configurations and produce various motor patterns according to afferent inputs (Morton and Chiel, 1994; Dickinson, 1995; Marder and Calabre ...
Neurobiology of Behaviour
... An animals response to the environment will be influenced by their underlying nervous system ...
... An animals response to the environment will be influenced by their underlying nervous system ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... brains in animals, that accompany and support the animals' performance of the cognitive tasks involved in learning to respond appropriately to simple stimuli that signify events and circumstances that are vital to their welfare. I find that sensory cortices receive the information that the sensory r ...
... brains in animals, that accompany and support the animals' performance of the cognitive tasks involved in learning to respond appropriately to simple stimuli that signify events and circumstances that are vital to their welfare. I find that sensory cortices receive the information that the sensory r ...
Slide 1
... May be that attentional mechanisms can modulate the responses of MT neurons more effectively with reference to a combination of direction and space (Treue and Maunsell) than to space alone (this study) • Feature-based attentional mechanisms (direction of motion as feature) may contribute to the a ...
... May be that attentional mechanisms can modulate the responses of MT neurons more effectively with reference to a combination of direction and space (Treue and Maunsell) than to space alone (this study) • Feature-based attentional mechanisms (direction of motion as feature) may contribute to the a ...
Chapter 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior
... b. Transmission of information at synapses occurs by means of direct physical contact between the nerve cells. c. The size and speed of the neural impulse is the same for a particular axon regardless of the strength of the stimulus that sets it off. d. None of the above are true. ...
... b. Transmission of information at synapses occurs by means of direct physical contact between the nerve cells. c. The size and speed of the neural impulse is the same for a particular axon regardless of the strength of the stimulus that sets it off. d. None of the above are true. ...
Glial Signaling Take Home Messages
... iii. Astrocytes and D-serine necessary for neuronal LTP c. D-serine binds the Gly site on neuronal NMDA receptors → ↑ LTP 2. Astrocyte signaling → ↑ LTP is limited to local astrocyte networks 3. Astrocytes are required for some types of synaptic plasticity (like LTP) 4. Human Astrocytes (hAstrocyt ...
... iii. Astrocytes and D-serine necessary for neuronal LTP c. D-serine binds the Gly site on neuronal NMDA receptors → ↑ LTP 2. Astrocyte signaling → ↑ LTP is limited to local astrocyte networks 3. Astrocytes are required for some types of synaptic plasticity (like LTP) 4. Human Astrocytes (hAstrocyt ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... prototypic neurons express, among others, the transcription factor Nkx2-1 while arkypallidal neurons express the FoxP2 transcription factor [6]. This genetic difference could be important when differentiating the two GPe neurons. The majority of the prototypic neurons also express the protein parval ...
... prototypic neurons express, among others, the transcription factor Nkx2-1 while arkypallidal neurons express the FoxP2 transcription factor [6]. This genetic difference could be important when differentiating the two GPe neurons. The majority of the prototypic neurons also express the protein parval ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... could exist between 100 areas in each hemisphere, perhaps only the order of magnitude of 2000 exist (Fellem a n and Van Essen 1991). This could well be the result of limitations of space inside the cerebral hemispheres, which can only contain so much white matter, but it obviously has computational ...
... could exist between 100 areas in each hemisphere, perhaps only the order of magnitude of 2000 exist (Fellem a n and Van Essen 1991). This could well be the result of limitations of space inside the cerebral hemispheres, which can only contain so much white matter, but it obviously has computational ...
Information Optimization in Coupled Audio–Visual Cortical Maps Mehran Kardar A. Zee
... Ref. [7]. The essence of this approach is the assumption that neural connections act as linear filters of the incoming signals, and also introduce noise in the outputs. If the (correlated) input signals, and the random noise, are taken from Gaussian probability distributions, the outputs are also Ga ...
... Ref. [7]. The essence of this approach is the assumption that neural connections act as linear filters of the incoming signals, and also introduce noise in the outputs. If the (correlated) input signals, and the random noise, are taken from Gaussian probability distributions, the outputs are also Ga ...
Leech Heart CPG
... able to constrict the circular muscles located throughout its length in a sequential manner to facilitate the passage of food from the end of the oral cavity (mouth) to the stomach. In order for the muscles to constrict and relax in a sequential manner the motor neurons should also show sequentialit ...
... able to constrict the circular muscles located throughout its length in a sequential manner to facilitate the passage of food from the end of the oral cavity (mouth) to the stomach. In order for the muscles to constrict and relax in a sequential manner the motor neurons should also show sequentialit ...
Brains of Primitive Chordates - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... The jawless cyclostomes, lampreys and hagfish, constitute a basic clade of craniates that shows the major features of brain organization also found in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Externally, the brain of extant cyclostomes consists of a bilaterally symmetric rostral enlargement, the forebrain ...
... The jawless cyclostomes, lampreys and hagfish, constitute a basic clade of craniates that shows the major features of brain organization also found in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Externally, the brain of extant cyclostomes consists of a bilaterally symmetric rostral enlargement, the forebrain ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
[ 181 Dynamic Imaging of Neuronal Cytoskeleton
... For mice and rats, late embryonic stages (El8) work well. At earlier stages of development cortical neurons have fewer processes. Because dissociation shears off axons and dendrites, cultures prepared from cortex before neurons have extended processes have less cellular debris. Another advantage to ...
... For mice and rats, late embryonic stages (El8) work well. At earlier stages of development cortical neurons have fewer processes. Because dissociation shears off axons and dendrites, cultures prepared from cortex before neurons have extended processes have less cellular debris. Another advantage to ...
Behavioural Brain Research Multisensory contributions to the
... issue of how the interplay between different sensory systems contributes to our perception of the world and of ourselves. There is growing consensus around the idea that a satisfactory account of multisensory processes will be integral to any comprehensive theory of perception [13,22,80]. Indeed, th ...
... issue of how the interplay between different sensory systems contributes to our perception of the world and of ourselves. There is growing consensus around the idea that a satisfactory account of multisensory processes will be integral to any comprehensive theory of perception [13,22,80]. Indeed, th ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... swimming system of Clione limacina (Satterlie, 1995). Since *Address for correspondence. ...
... swimming system of Clione limacina (Satterlie, 1995). Since *Address for correspondence. ...
Biology and Behavior
... ***new synapses can develop between neurons not previously connected, when we learn something new ...
... ***new synapses can develop between neurons not previously connected, when we learn something new ...
paper - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... stochastic [1], especially in vivo, and therefore seem less suitable for implementing deterministic computations. This holds for ion channels of neurons [2], synaptic release [3], neural response to stimuli (trial-to-trial variability) [4,5], and perception [6]. In fact, several experimental studies ...
... stochastic [1], especially in vivo, and therefore seem less suitable for implementing deterministic computations. This holds for ion channels of neurons [2], synaptic release [3], neural response to stimuli (trial-to-trial variability) [4,5], and perception [6]. In fact, several experimental studies ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
Stem Cells as a Cure For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
... of function blocking Hh antibody. C: quantity of GFP/Hb9 cells ...
... of function blocking Hh antibody. C: quantity of GFP/Hb9 cells ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... Nevertheless, a functional understanding of neural circuits requires a functional analysis of the structure revealed by connectomics. Much information can be gained from recording activity patterns in identified circuits and from molecular characterization of individual mapped synapses.7 However, ob ...
... Nevertheless, a functional understanding of neural circuits requires a functional analysis of the structure revealed by connectomics. Much information can be gained from recording activity patterns in identified circuits and from molecular characterization of individual mapped synapses.7 However, ob ...