Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... In P. interruptus, the application of dopamine in preparations with the stn blocked does not elicit extraburst spikes, but does have effects on the frequency of the pyloric rhythm (Flamm and Harris-Warrick, 1986a; Ayali and Harris-Warrick, 1999). Figure 2 shows clearly that there were dramatic incre ...
... In P. interruptus, the application of dopamine in preparations with the stn blocked does not elicit extraburst spikes, but does have effects on the frequency of the pyloric rhythm (Flamm and Harris-Warrick, 1986a; Ayali and Harris-Warrick, 1999). Figure 2 shows clearly that there were dramatic incre ...
Lecture 14
... Once the network is trained, it will provide the desired output for any of the input patterns. Let’s now look at how the training works. The network is first initialised by setting up all its weights to be small random numbers - say between -1 and +1. Next, the input pattern is applied and the outpu ...
... Once the network is trained, it will provide the desired output for any of the input patterns. Let’s now look at how the training works. The network is first initialised by setting up all its weights to be small random numbers - say between -1 and +1. Next, the input pattern is applied and the outpu ...
Activity Overview Continued - The University of Texas Health
... which helps control voluntary movement. Just behind this area, in the front part the parietal lobe, is the sensory area which also receives information about temperature, touch, pressure, and pain. The sensory and motor areas communicate with each other to control input of sensations from the body a ...
... which helps control voluntary movement. Just behind this area, in the front part the parietal lobe, is the sensory area which also receives information about temperature, touch, pressure, and pain. The sensory and motor areas communicate with each other to control input of sensations from the body a ...
Slide 1
... Neuron Signals • Your brain triggers six trillion electrical signals through your neurons every second to operate your body and allow you freedom of thought, movement and life. • How much is six trillion? Well, six trillion pennies stacked end-on-end, would go from the earth to the moon, 243,000 mi ...
... Neuron Signals • Your brain triggers six trillion electrical signals through your neurons every second to operate your body and allow you freedom of thought, movement and life. • How much is six trillion? Well, six trillion pennies stacked end-on-end, would go from the earth to the moon, 243,000 mi ...
emboj2008265-sup
... Supplementary Figure 7. Identity of cortactin bands labeled by the cortactin antibody. (A) Western analysis showing cortactin antibody specificity in 293 cells transfected with HA-cortactin-myc (+) and control cells (-). Endogenous cortactin is already expressed by this cell line (Ctn band). The co ...
... Supplementary Figure 7. Identity of cortactin bands labeled by the cortactin antibody. (A) Western analysis showing cortactin antibody specificity in 293 cells transfected with HA-cortactin-myc (+) and control cells (-). Endogenous cortactin is already expressed by this cell line (Ctn band). The co ...
A Small World of Neuronal Synchrony
... 2006). Thus, a small-world network has many local interactions, indicated by the high clustering property inherent to regular networks and short average path length among any pair of nodes, which is a property inherent to random networks. This organization optimizes the network for both local and gl ...
... 2006). Thus, a small-world network has many local interactions, indicated by the high clustering property inherent to regular networks and short average path length among any pair of nodes, which is a property inherent to random networks. This organization optimizes the network for both local and gl ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... input to output. In their basic form they are therefore unsuited for temporal pattern recognition. However, we can patch these techniques up by simply combining various stills into a bigger picture: an input window that hopefully contains enough information for detecting the desired pattern. Statist ...
... input to output. In their basic form they are therefore unsuited for temporal pattern recognition. However, we can patch these techniques up by simply combining various stills into a bigger picture: an input window that hopefully contains enough information for detecting the desired pattern. Statist ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... The set of output projections of a given neocortical area in the adult is a subset of the projections that it originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of ...
... The set of output projections of a given neocortical area in the adult is a subset of the projections that it originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... mum probability of firing. First-spike latency was extremely variable across trials but was always ⬎35 ms. Figure 1C shows the response from another neuron with a sustained discharge pattern, but this neuron was not duration sensitive (all pass). Although the number of spikes per trial was positivel ...
... mum probability of firing. First-spike latency was extremely variable across trials but was always ⬎35 ms. Figure 1C shows the response from another neuron with a sustained discharge pattern, but this neuron was not duration sensitive (all pass). Although the number of spikes per trial was positivel ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... observed in the frontoparietal cortex (Fig. 1A, curved arrow). This component was presumably caused by re-activation of thalamocortical afferents due to thalamocortical firing generated in response to descending corticothalamic inputs since kynurenic acid application to VB (n ⫽ 4) abolished it witho ...
... observed in the frontoparietal cortex (Fig. 1A, curved arrow). This component was presumably caused by re-activation of thalamocortical afferents due to thalamocortical firing generated in response to descending corticothalamic inputs since kynurenic acid application to VB (n ⫽ 4) abolished it witho ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... our memory capacity is impressive, it is not limitless [19,25,26]. We must have the ability, therefore, to filter information, allowing access to memory or retaining in memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first ...
... our memory capacity is impressive, it is not limitless [19,25,26]. We must have the ability, therefore, to filter information, allowing access to memory or retaining in memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first ...
Plasticity in the Nervous System of Adult Hydra. III. Conversion of
... when every neuron is continually changing location? Removal of the neuron precursors indicates the VLl+ neurons can arise by conversion from VLI- neurons of the body column. In the normal animal they probably arise by conversion as well as by differentiation. Conversion of VLI- to VLI+ neurons is du ...
... when every neuron is continually changing location? Removal of the neuron precursors indicates the VLl+ neurons can arise by conversion from VLI- neurons of the body column. In the normal animal they probably arise by conversion as well as by differentiation. Conversion of VLI- to VLI+ neurons is du ...
Warren S. McCulloch: Why the Mind Is in the Head
... Each eye has something like a hundred million photoreceptors, each of which in a given millisecond can emit one or no impulse. In other words, it is an ensemble which can be in any one of 2100,000,000 possible states, or the amount of information it has is a hundred million units per millisecond. No ...
... Each eye has something like a hundred million photoreceptors, each of which in a given millisecond can emit one or no impulse. In other words, it is an ensemble which can be in any one of 2100,000,000 possible states, or the amount of information it has is a hundred million units per millisecond. No ...
Survival of cultured hippocampal neurons upon hypoxia
... few experimental studies. Comi et al. [23] determined neuroprotective effect of GBP in the model of ischemic injury in the immature brain of the rat. Hippocampal neurodegeneration in streptozocine –induced diabetic rats has been significantly attenuated by GBP treatment [24]. Protective effect of GB ...
... few experimental studies. Comi et al. [23] determined neuroprotective effect of GBP in the model of ischemic injury in the immature brain of the rat. Hippocampal neurodegeneration in streptozocine –induced diabetic rats has been significantly attenuated by GBP treatment [24]. Protective effect of GB ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of neural behaviour cannot be explained in terms of movements. Additional evidence in favour of goal coding was provided by experiments in which the monkeys grasped the food with normal or inver ...
... grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of neural behaviour cannot be explained in terms of movements. Additional evidence in favour of goal coding was provided by experiments in which the monkeys grasped the food with normal or inver ...
Text S1.
... identical regardless of the definition? Indeed, probability theory has proven itself useful to scientists without there being agreement on its definition. The precise definition of probability is usually not of practical importance because scientists usually seek to describe the world based on a com ...
... identical regardless of the definition? Indeed, probability theory has proven itself useful to scientists without there being agreement on its definition. The precise definition of probability is usually not of practical importance because scientists usually seek to describe the world based on a com ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
PDF file
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... causes and states (for definitions, see main text). The computations relating to causes and states are formally identical, except that the updates for causes are based on reciprocal exchanges between levels. In this scheme, expectation units recursively update their activity (1 and 5) with input fro ...
... causes and states (for definitions, see main text). The computations relating to causes and states are formally identical, except that the updates for causes are based on reciprocal exchanges between levels. In this scheme, expectation units recursively update their activity (1 and 5) with input fro ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... flanked by other letters that were either compatible or incompatible with the response. By recording the lateralized readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the st ...
... flanked by other letters that were either compatible or incompatible with the response. By recording the lateralized readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the st ...
Neural Darwinism
... The synaptic changes do not represent information that is stored in individual connections between single neurons, as in connectionist models. Instead, signals act, often heterosynaptically, to select variant populations of synapses that connect cells within and between neuronal groups(Finkel and Ed ...
... The synaptic changes do not represent information that is stored in individual connections between single neurons, as in connectionist models. Instead, signals act, often heterosynaptically, to select variant populations of synapses that connect cells within and between neuronal groups(Finkel and Ed ...