Progress Report – Glover
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... attributes that have made it particularly attractive to systems neuroscientists. This region is typical of extrastriate cortex but is still readily identifiable both anatomically and functionally. Though extrastriate, it is still quite close to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses f ...
... attributes that have made it particularly attractive to systems neuroscientists. This region is typical of extrastriate cortex but is still readily identifiable both anatomically and functionally. Though extrastriate, it is still quite close to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses f ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... To generate a goal-directed movement, the brain must translate the location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how ...
... To generate a goal-directed movement, the brain must translate the location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how ...
Axons break in animals lacking β-spectrin
... further increased to 60% (P < 0.0001 compared with hatching in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). The defects that accumulated in β-spectrin mutants were of several types, none of which were ever observed in wildtype animals (Fig. 2 B). First, we observed broken axon commissures that were detached f ...
... further increased to 60% (P < 0.0001 compared with hatching in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). The defects that accumulated in β-spectrin mutants were of several types, none of which were ever observed in wildtype animals (Fig. 2 B). First, we observed broken axon commissures that were detached f ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex produces
... in retrieval). Furthermore, the electrophysiological data are ambiguous on this question. In addition to responding to noxious stimuli (essential if they are to provide an aversive teaching signal and contribute to acquisition of the CR), some ACC neurons respond to pain-predictive sensory stimuli. ...
... in retrieval). Furthermore, the electrophysiological data are ambiguous on this question. In addition to responding to noxious stimuli (essential if they are to provide an aversive teaching signal and contribute to acquisition of the CR), some ACC neurons respond to pain-predictive sensory stimuli. ...
Chapter 11 Outline - CM
... Axolemma – plasma membrane that surrounds axon and its cytoplasm or axoplasm Substances may travel through axoplasm using one of two types of transport, which are together termed axonal transport or flow o Slow axonal transport – transports substances like cytoskeleton proteins from cell body throug ...
... Axolemma – plasma membrane that surrounds axon and its cytoplasm or axoplasm Substances may travel through axoplasm using one of two types of transport, which are together termed axonal transport or flow o Slow axonal transport – transports substances like cytoskeleton proteins from cell body throug ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... form of regression (Methods), to decode behaviour based on all neurons (Fig. 3). Each behavioural session was treated separately. The behavioural features measured touch (whisker curvature changes; Fig. 1d) and movements (whisking set-point, whisking amplitude and licking; Methods and Fig. 1d, f). T ...
... form of regression (Methods), to decode behaviour based on all neurons (Fig. 3). Each behavioural session was treated separately. The behavioural features measured touch (whisker curvature changes; Fig. 1d) and movements (whisking set-point, whisking amplitude and licking; Methods and Fig. 1d, f). T ...
Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... FIG. 4. DRI does not appear to function as a CPG element. DRI, C2 and 2 DSIs were impaled with intracellular electrodes. The two DSIs were stimulated to fire at 20 Hz for 20 sec (hatched bar) while DRI was hyperpolarized to prevent its spiking. This procedure failed to prevent the swim motor program ...
... FIG. 4. DRI does not appear to function as a CPG element. DRI, C2 and 2 DSIs were impaled with intracellular electrodes. The two DSIs were stimulated to fire at 20 Hz for 20 sec (hatched bar) while DRI was hyperpolarized to prevent its spiking. This procedure failed to prevent the swim motor program ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... It is hard to see how action reproduction by mirroring would explain the differential activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action w ...
... It is hard to see how action reproduction by mirroring would explain the differential activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action w ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... effects of both serotonin23,24 and noradrenaline25 upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in ...
... effects of both serotonin23,24 and noradrenaline25 upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in ...
Morphological and Functional Types of Neurons
... a similar classification of projection neurons and interneurons has been made (Pearson and Haines, 1980). The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of cells within VB raises the question of whether specific morphological cell types can be localized within them. In the present study we ...
... a similar classification of projection neurons and interneurons has been made (Pearson and Haines, 1980). The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of cells within VB raises the question of whether specific morphological cell types can be localized within them. In the present study we ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
Training
... Minimum-distortion encoding, according to which the curvature terms and all higher-order terms in the distortion measure due to noise model () are retained. m(x) fx ⅓(x) Nearest-neighbor encoding, which emerges if the curvature terms are ignored, as in the standard form of the SOM algorithm. m(x ...
... Minimum-distortion encoding, according to which the curvature terms and all higher-order terms in the distortion measure due to noise model () are retained. m(x) fx ⅓(x) Nearest-neighbor encoding, which emerges if the curvature terms are ignored, as in the standard form of the SOM algorithm. m(x ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... Once the injection procedure was complete, a small metal plate was mounted on the address this issue, we have performed two-photon calcium imagmouse’s head with MetaBond (Parkell), which, when clamped under the microscope, resulted in the imaged SC surface being mostly flat and ing in this study to ...
... Once the injection procedure was complete, a small metal plate was mounted on the address this issue, we have performed two-photon calcium imagmouse’s head with MetaBond (Parkell), which, when clamped under the microscope, resulted in the imaged SC surface being mostly flat and ing in this study to ...
PDF file
... learning models for stereo. Applying the novelties mentioned in 1) and 2) showed surprisingly drastic accuracy differences in performance. 4) The first study of smoothly changing disparity sensitivity map; 5) theoretical analysis that supports and provides insights into such performance differences. ...
... learning models for stereo. Applying the novelties mentioned in 1) and 2) showed surprisingly drastic accuracy differences in performance. 4) The first study of smoothly changing disparity sensitivity map; 5) theoretical analysis that supports and provides insights into such performance differences. ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... activation to ‘front’ compared to ‘back’ objects. This discrepancy may be due to the spatial resolution of the subdural technique. Our electrodes had 1 mm diameter exposure separated by 10 mm and therefore they had a restricted area or recording which may have included only fusiform regions with mor ...
... activation to ‘front’ compared to ‘back’ objects. This discrepancy may be due to the spatial resolution of the subdural technique. Our electrodes had 1 mm diameter exposure separated by 10 mm and therefore they had a restricted area or recording which may have included only fusiform regions with mor ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... sensitive (Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972). These neurons with specific receptive fields are topographically and retinotopically localized (Cynader and Berman, 1972; Dräger and Hubel, 1976). The response magnitude of sSC neurons has been shown to depend on the intensity and contrast of the visual stimuli ...
... sensitive (Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972). These neurons with specific receptive fields are topographically and retinotopically localized (Cynader and Berman, 1972; Dräger and Hubel, 1976). The response magnitude of sSC neurons has been shown to depend on the intensity and contrast of the visual stimuli ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... Second, research suggests that the perceptual motor system is optimized to provide the brain with input for associative learning (Giudice et al., 2009). For example, infants have a marked visual preference for hands. Such a preference could provide a rich set of input stimuli for mirror neurons that ...
... Second, research suggests that the perceptual motor system is optimized to provide the brain with input for associative learning (Giudice et al., 2009). For example, infants have a marked visual preference for hands. Such a preference could provide a rich set of input stimuli for mirror neurons that ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... go visual discrimination task. In this task, the shutter opened to reveal one of the two stimuli. One of the stimuli indicated that if the monkey licked a tube positioned in front of his mouth, he would obtain a reward of approximately 0.2 ml of fruit juice. The other stimulus indicated that if he l ...
... go visual discrimination task. In this task, the shutter opened to reveal one of the two stimuli. One of the stimuli indicated that if the monkey licked a tube positioned in front of his mouth, he would obtain a reward of approximately 0.2 ml of fruit juice. The other stimulus indicated that if he l ...
Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcription factor that is a major regulator of male sexual behavior (Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Manoli et al., 2005; Stockinger et al., 2005). When these fru-expressing neurons are sile ...
... that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcription factor that is a major regulator of male sexual behavior (Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Manoli et al., 2005; Stockinger et al., 2005). When these fru-expressing neurons are sile ...