What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... the sub-populations of neurons. Brouwer and Heeger took advantage of the fact that—for whatever reason—each fMRI voxel in V1 has a slight orientation bias (Kamitani & Tong, 2005; Sun et al., 2013). Using these biased voxels as indicators of the underlying neural subpopulations, they were able to est ...
... the sub-populations of neurons. Brouwer and Heeger took advantage of the fact that—for whatever reason—each fMRI voxel in V1 has a slight orientation bias (Kamitani & Tong, 2005; Sun et al., 2013). Using these biased voxels as indicators of the underlying neural subpopulations, they were able to est ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... were observed in ocular saccades, pursuit and optokinetik nistagmus. Tactile stimuli applied to the contralesional side of the face also failed to elicit orienting responses. Single neurons studies showed that most F4 neurons discharge in association with monkey’s active movements (Gentilucci et al. ...
... were observed in ocular saccades, pursuit and optokinetik nistagmus. Tactile stimuli applied to the contralesional side of the face also failed to elicit orienting responses. Single neurons studies showed that most F4 neurons discharge in association with monkey’s active movements (Gentilucci et al. ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... were observed in ocular saccades, pursuit and optokinetik nistagmus. Tactile stimuli applied to the contralesional side of the face also failed to elicit orienting responses. Single neurons studies showed that most F4 neurons discharge in association with monkey’s active movements (Gentilucci et al. ...
... were observed in ocular saccades, pursuit and optokinetik nistagmus. Tactile stimuli applied to the contralesional side of the face also failed to elicit orienting responses. Single neurons studies showed that most F4 neurons discharge in association with monkey’s active movements (Gentilucci et al. ...
Full version (PDF file)
... subfamily of CaBP. The gene for CR is located on chromosome 16 (Parmentier et al. 1991). CR is composed of 269-271 amino acid residues and contains six EF-hand domains. Four of them bind Ca2+ with high affinity in a cooperative manner, one with low affinity and the last one is non-functional, withou ...
... subfamily of CaBP. The gene for CR is located on chromosome 16 (Parmentier et al. 1991). CR is composed of 269-271 amino acid residues and contains six EF-hand domains. Four of them bind Ca2+ with high affinity in a cooperative manner, one with low affinity and the last one is non-functional, withou ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
Functional Integration of Dopaminergic Neurons Directly Converted
... iDA neurons also exhibited voltage-dependent ionic currents (Figure 2D). In addition, the action potentials evoked by depolarizing current injections in iDA neurons (top panel) were completely abolished by TTX administration (bottom panel) (Figure 2E), indicating the presence of well-developed Na ch ...
... iDA neurons also exhibited voltage-dependent ionic currents (Figure 2D). In addition, the action potentials evoked by depolarizing current injections in iDA neurons (top panel) were completely abolished by TTX administration (bottom panel) (Figure 2E), indicating the presence of well-developed Na ch ...
Modeling Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive-Affective Interaction Abninder Litt () Chris Eliasmith ()
... Department of Philosophy University of Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 dopamine-encoded reward prediction error (Schultz, 1998; Suri, 2002) and reward association reversal in orbitofrontal cortex (Deco & Rolls, 2005), rather than the large-scale synthesis required for moving beyond task-specific explan ...
... Department of Philosophy University of Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 dopamine-encoded reward prediction error (Schultz, 1998; Suri, 2002) and reward association reversal in orbitofrontal cortex (Deco & Rolls, 2005), rather than the large-scale synthesis required for moving beyond task-specific explan ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... matrisomes (Parthasarathy & Graybiel, 1997). Interestingly, among the documented genes known to be regulated in striatal projection neurons by cortical inputs are those coding for modulatory neuropeptides that are contained along with GABA in these neurons. There is an estimated convergence of betwe ...
... matrisomes (Parthasarathy & Graybiel, 1997). Interestingly, among the documented genes known to be regulated in striatal projection neurons by cortical inputs are those coding for modulatory neuropeptides that are contained along with GABA in these neurons. There is an estimated convergence of betwe ...
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... Vacuolation of large motor neuron cell bodies, indicating active degeneration, was first observed at day 80 and continued through death (Fig. 4). The numbers of large motor neurons did not decrease, however, until the 100-day time point. Quantitative analysis of a-motor neurons was performed both as ...
... Vacuolation of large motor neuron cell bodies, indicating active degeneration, was first observed at day 80 and continued through death (Fig. 4). The numbers of large motor neurons did not decrease, however, until the 100-day time point. Quantitative analysis of a-motor neurons was performed both as ...
Dynamic Computation in a Recurrent Network of Heterogeneous
... In contrast, networks with heterogeneous neurons tend to bias the locations where clusters reside. Clusters do not wander Previous attempts to model such networks in software have nta indt h oain htmxmz freely bt asacrificed low-level details that are known to affect cluster their local recurrent fe ...
... In contrast, networks with heterogeneous neurons tend to bias the locations where clusters reside. Clusters do not wander Previous attempts to model such networks in software have nta indt h oain htmxmz freely bt asacrificed low-level details that are known to affect cluster their local recurrent fe ...
TOWARDS AN "EARLY NEURAL CIRCUIT SIMULATOR": A FPGA
... neurons, If our dynamical state hypothesis is correct [6], these neurons must cover (in a pair-wise manner) the full state space of [θ, dθ/dt, M, dM/dt]. This is equivalent to approximately 50,000 whisker-responsive neurons. Calculating the probability distribution shown in Fig. 2 (b) for each of th ...
... neurons, If our dynamical state hypothesis is correct [6], these neurons must cover (in a pair-wise manner) the full state space of [θ, dθ/dt, M, dM/dt]. This is equivalent to approximately 50,000 whisker-responsive neurons. Calculating the probability distribution shown in Fig. 2 (b) for each of th ...
Chapter 12 – Auditory Localization and Organization
... An important point to get from this is that there is a LOT of processing of the auditory signal in each of these structures. A natural question is: What exactly are these structures doing? As Yantis, p 325 says, “The exact functions served by the different subcortical structures and the different re ...
... An important point to get from this is that there is a LOT of processing of the auditory signal in each of these structures. A natural question is: What exactly are these structures doing? As Yantis, p 325 says, “The exact functions served by the different subcortical structures and the different re ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
Neural Networks
... Multiple layers of neurons with nonlinear transfer functions allow the network to learn nonlinear and linear relationships between input and output vectors. The linear output layer lets the network produce values outside the range -1 to +1. On the other hand, if you want to constrain the outputs of ...
... Multiple layers of neurons with nonlinear transfer functions allow the network to learn nonlinear and linear relationships between input and output vectors. The linear output layer lets the network produce values outside the range -1 to +1. On the other hand, if you want to constrain the outputs of ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
Poulet etal - Cornell University
... 1950; von Holst and Mittelstaedt 1950). More recently, these terms have been refined so that motor to sensory discharges indicate corollary discharge signals; whereas an efference copy is compared with the actual sensory feedback and represents an accurate negative image of the reafferent information ( ...
... 1950; von Holst and Mittelstaedt 1950). More recently, these terms have been refined so that motor to sensory discharges indicate corollary discharge signals; whereas an efference copy is compared with the actual sensory feedback and represents an accurate negative image of the reafferent information ( ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... alternating white and gray bars (30% contrast) rapidly moving at a temporal frequency of 50 Hz. This stimulus is well suited to activate feed-forward inhibition onto the LGMD. This rapid motion stimulus lasted 50 ms and was preceded and followed by 1 s during which the screen was set to a white back ...
... alternating white and gray bars (30% contrast) rapidly moving at a temporal frequency of 50 Hz. This stimulus is well suited to activate feed-forward inhibition onto the LGMD. This rapid motion stimulus lasted 50 ms and was preceded and followed by 1 s during which the screen was set to a white back ...