Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... (Figs. 1c, d). Published data on the relationship between contrast and surround suppression strength are contradictory and inconsistent with our model's prediction, showing either no relationship between contrast and suppression strength (Sceniak et al., 1999), or stronger suppression for center sti ...
... (Figs. 1c, d). Published data on the relationship between contrast and surround suppression strength are contradictory and inconsistent with our model's prediction, showing either no relationship between contrast and suppression strength (Sceniak et al., 1999), or stronger suppression for center sti ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... minute volume of 140–180 ml. Respiratory rate or tidal volume was adjusted to maintain expired CO2 between 3.5 and 4.5%. A bilateral pneumothorax reduced respiratory pump-related movements of tissue near the recording electrode. After 4 h, supplemental doses of ␣-chloralose (20 mg/kg iv) were given ...
... minute volume of 140–180 ml. Respiratory rate or tidal volume was adjusted to maintain expired CO2 between 3.5 and 4.5%. A bilateral pneumothorax reduced respiratory pump-related movements of tissue near the recording electrode. After 4 h, supplemental doses of ␣-chloralose (20 mg/kg iv) were given ...
Functions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT).
... 1990). In particular, the macaque middle temporal area (MT) contains cells whose responses are related to image motion (Dubner and Zeki 1971; Van Essen et al. 1981; Albright 1984; Movshon et al. 1985). Using a step-ramp paradigm, Newsome et al. (1985) demonstrated that small electrolytic lesions in ...
... 1990). In particular, the macaque middle temporal area (MT) contains cells whose responses are related to image motion (Dubner and Zeki 1971; Van Essen et al. 1981; Albright 1984; Movshon et al. 1985). Using a step-ramp paradigm, Newsome et al. (1985) demonstrated that small electrolytic lesions in ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... The reviewed work concerns primarily neurophysiological studies on single neurons in monkeys whose sophisticated behavioral repertoire allows well detailed, quantitative behavioral assessments while controlling confounds from sensory processing, movements, and attention. Thus I am approaching reward ...
... The reviewed work concerns primarily neurophysiological studies on single neurons in monkeys whose sophisticated behavioral repertoire allows well detailed, quantitative behavioral assessments while controlling confounds from sensory processing, movements, and attention. Thus I am approaching reward ...
Image-based Screening Identifies Novel Roles for I B Kinase and
... ysis method employed in this screen is sensitive to axon swellings and blebs as these membrane changes disrupt axon uniformity and result in isolated round particles upon image segmentation. We reasoned that some compounds may affect early axonal changes such as swelling without blocking their event ...
... ysis method employed in this screen is sensitive to axon swellings and blebs as these membrane changes disrupt axon uniformity and result in isolated round particles upon image segmentation. We reasoned that some compounds may affect early axonal changes such as swelling without blocking their event ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
the resonate-and-fire neuron: time dependent and frequency
... This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master’s Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ...
... This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master’s Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) than the resting potential (⫺68 ⫾ 2.5 mV, n ⫽ 5). EtOH (10 mM) applied alone could also cause depolarization (Ye, 1999); but ...
... from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) than the resting potential (⫺68 ⫾ 2.5 mV, n ⫽ 5). EtOH (10 mM) applied alone could also cause depolarization (Ye, 1999); but ...
Anatomy and physiology of the esophageal body
... first reported that a latency gradient along the esophagus was due to noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the esophageal wall. Crist et al.2 reported that the influence of noncholinergic nerve is minimal at the proximal esophagus and increasing distally and the cholinergic influence is maximal in th ...
... first reported that a latency gradient along the esophagus was due to noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the esophageal wall. Crist et al.2 reported that the influence of noncholinergic nerve is minimal at the proximal esophagus and increasing distally and the cholinergic influence is maximal in th ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... eye stimulation indicates that an OD shift has occurred. This is also shown in the OD ratio maps, which show cortical areas dominated by stimulation of either eye. We quantified this shift by analyzing images pixel by pixel. (B) Responses at each pixel in the maps shown in (A) were binned into 70 OD ...
... eye stimulation indicates that an OD shift has occurred. This is also shown in the OD ratio maps, which show cortical areas dominated by stimulation of either eye. We quantified this shift by analyzing images pixel by pixel. (B) Responses at each pixel in the maps shown in (A) were binned into 70 OD ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... antagonist dihydro-[B-erythroidine into the VTA, but not into the NAc, were found to decrease nicotine self-administration [I 1]. In accordance with these behavioral results, local administration of the non-competitive, nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine into the VTA, but not into the NAc, w ...
... antagonist dihydro-[B-erythroidine into the VTA, but not into the NAc, were found to decrease nicotine self-administration [I 1]. In accordance with these behavioral results, local administration of the non-competitive, nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine into the VTA, but not into the NAc, w ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of pargyline (50 mg/kg) 1 hour bef ...
... used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of pargyline (50 mg/kg) 1 hour bef ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines more precisely their sources in the Lissauer tract and co ...
... DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines more precisely their sources in the Lissauer tract and co ...
Gastric Effects of Cholecystokinin and Its Interaction with Leptin on
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... were washed with normal physiological salt solution twice. All cells were used within 3 hours of isolation. Single cell fluorescence intensity was measured using an Olympus IX70 inverted microscope (40× objective or 60× water immersion objective), attached with a charge coupled device (CCD) image in ...
... were washed with normal physiological salt solution twice. All cells were used within 3 hours of isolation. Single cell fluorescence intensity was measured using an Olympus IX70 inverted microscope (40× objective or 60× water immersion objective), attached with a charge coupled device (CCD) image in ...
Kir2 potassium channels in rat striatum are strategically
... channel classes are distinguished (Fig. 1). Most channels are referred to as voltage-gated channels (Kv). They are composed of six transmembrane (TM) helices (S1-S6) and one pore-region (P-region), resulting in the 6TM/1P class. Furthermore, the Ca2+-dependent potassium channels with their additiona ...
... channel classes are distinguished (Fig. 1). Most channels are referred to as voltage-gated channels (Kv). They are composed of six transmembrane (TM) helices (S1-S6) and one pore-region (P-region), resulting in the 6TM/1P class. Furthermore, the Ca2+-dependent potassium channels with their additiona ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... transmission at excitatory hippocampal synapses (Gasparini and others 2001). Taken together, these observations suggest that Ca2+ channels known to be involved in neurotransmitter release at small central synapses are a likely site for the initial modulatory action of BDNF at presynaptic terminals. ...
... transmission at excitatory hippocampal synapses (Gasparini and others 2001). Taken together, these observations suggest that Ca2+ channels known to be involved in neurotransmitter release at small central synapses are a likely site for the initial modulatory action of BDNF at presynaptic terminals. ...
Novelty exploration training tasks - Repositório da Universidade de
... the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central autonomic network that could also be involved in the generation of sympathetic activity are the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). LPBN plays a cr ...
... the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central autonomic network that could also be involved in the generation of sympathetic activity are the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). LPBN plays a cr ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... by the green square. (b) During the V1 recordings, a monkey fixated on a central spot (white) while drifting Gabor patches were presented peripherally. The array placement in V1 is shown by the blue square. (c) Voltage trace from M1 during a single reach trial with detection threshold settings from θ ...
... by the green square. (b) During the V1 recordings, a monkey fixated on a central spot (white) while drifting Gabor patches were presented peripherally. The array placement in V1 is shown by the blue square. (c) Voltage trace from M1 during a single reach trial with detection threshold settings from θ ...
The transference of benefits between the eyes Does
... should be the eye used for monocular task and therefore has no unique functional role in vision, at least when it comes to monocular studies. There is evidence that support this view. For instance, in some people the dominant eye is the eye they have a habit of using more and other people alternate ...
... should be the eye used for monocular task and therefore has no unique functional role in vision, at least when it comes to monocular studies. There is evidence that support this view. For instance, in some people the dominant eye is the eye they have a habit of using more and other people alternate ...
Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights From Neuroscience
... group in the hammock: For this group shock went off when the animal held still, explicitly reinforcing not moving— one step better than superstition. The cognitive theory predicted that these animals would not sit still in the shuttlebox since they had learned that they could control shock; whereas ...
... group in the hammock: For this group shock went off when the animal held still, explicitly reinforcing not moving— one step better than superstition. The cognitive theory predicted that these animals would not sit still in the shuttlebox since they had learned that they could control shock; whereas ...