Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... increase insulin secretion. Additionally, GLP-1 acts as a neuropeptide and is produced by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons located in the lower brainstem, primarily in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the intermediate reticular nucleus [1,2]. Numerous rodent studies have addressed the ques ...
... increase insulin secretion. Additionally, GLP-1 acts as a neuropeptide and is produced by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons located in the lower brainstem, primarily in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the intermediate reticular nucleus [1,2]. Numerous rodent studies have addressed the ques ...
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
... • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
... • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
Neurotransmitter Flashcards
... 23. When a Cl- channel opens, which direction does Cl- move, and what happens to the inside of the cell membrane? 24. What determines whether a neuron “responds” or not? ...
... 23. When a Cl- channel opens, which direction does Cl- move, and what happens to the inside of the cell membrane? 24. What determines whether a neuron “responds” or not? ...
ling411-21 - Rice University
... might be partially explained as a result of an increase in syntactic working memory load’ [2]. Syntax and memory are hard to keep apart. Trends in Cognitive Sciences vol. 13, Issue 8, September 2009. pp. 369-370. ...
... might be partially explained as a result of an increase in syntactic working memory load’ [2]. Syntax and memory are hard to keep apart. Trends in Cognitive Sciences vol. 13, Issue 8, September 2009. pp. 369-370. ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... where g is a parameter (bounded by 0 and 1) that determines the relative weight given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitat ...
... where g is a parameter (bounded by 0 and 1) that determines the relative weight given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitat ...
PDF
... have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width is variable as a function of the visual field; that is, larger in the foveal representation. In the peripheral visual field representa ...
... have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width is variable as a function of the visual field; that is, larger in the foveal representation. In the peripheral visual field representa ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the rat). In contrast, physiology suggests three or more cell types are present based on responses to binaural acoustic stimuli an ...
... parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the rat). In contrast, physiology suggests three or more cell types are present based on responses to binaural acoustic stimuli an ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... were unable to fall back asleep. These patients had lesions involving the basal ganglia and adjacent anterior hypothalamus. Later experiments in animals identified a hypothalamic site involving the lateral preoptic area where lesions caused similar insomnia21,22. During the 1980s and 1990s, investig ...
... were unable to fall back asleep. These patients had lesions involving the basal ganglia and adjacent anterior hypothalamus. Later experiments in animals identified a hypothalamic site involving the lateral preoptic area where lesions caused similar insomnia21,22. During the 1980s and 1990s, investig ...
Pattern Recognition by Labeled Graph Matching
... discussed may perhaps be regarded as of this type. A second possibility is a layered structure in which feature types on a higher level encode local combinations of features on a lower level. Such systems are described in Fukushima (1980) and Marko and Giebel (1970). Both of these systems are capabl ...
... discussed may perhaps be regarded as of this type. A second possibility is a layered structure in which feature types on a higher level encode local combinations of features on a lower level. Such systems are described in Fukushima (1980) and Marko and Giebel (1970). Both of these systems are capabl ...
Frames, Coherency Chains and Hierarchical Binding: The Cortical Markus Werning (-duesseldorf.de)
... neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed responses. Object-related neuronal synchrony has been observed in numerous cell recording experiments and experiments related to attention, perception and expectation ...
... neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed responses. Object-related neuronal synchrony has been observed in numerous cell recording experiments and experiments related to attention, perception and expectation ...
local - Ruhr-Universität Bochum
... neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed responses. Object-related neuronal synchrony has been observed in numerous cell recording experiments and experiments related to attention, perception and expectation ...
... neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed responses. Object-related neuronal synchrony has been observed in numerous cell recording experiments and experiments related to attention, perception and expectation ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... Sheep affected with the CLN6 form provide a valuable model to investigate underlying disease mechanisms from preclinical stages. Excitatory neuron loss in these sheep is markedly regional, localized early reactive changes accurately predicting neuron loss and subsequent symptom development. This inv ...
... Sheep affected with the CLN6 form provide a valuable model to investigate underlying disease mechanisms from preclinical stages. Excitatory neuron loss in these sheep is markedly regional, localized early reactive changes accurately predicting neuron loss and subsequent symptom development. This inv ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... spiking activities observed at different neuronal processes. Others include dendritic spikes and axonal spikes (action potentials). The third-person observed neuronal firing is comparable across different excitatory neuronal populations. However, severe variabilities exist in both the number of inpu ...
... spiking activities observed at different neuronal processes. Others include dendritic spikes and axonal spikes (action potentials). The third-person observed neuronal firing is comparable across different excitatory neuronal populations. However, severe variabilities exist in both the number of inpu ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
Neural plasticity and recovery of function
... that includes the brain • Plastic (adj.) = soft enough to be changed into a new shape • Neuroplasticity, brain plasticity or brain malleability • The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections • Neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and t ...
... that includes the brain • Plastic (adj.) = soft enough to be changed into a new shape • Neuroplasticity, brain plasticity or brain malleability • The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections • Neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and t ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... accurately (Stein, Meredith, Huneycutt, & McDade, 1989), simultaneous presentation of light and sound from different spatial locations can depress activity in neurons responsive to multiple sensory inputs (Binns, Turner, & Salt, 1999), which may attenuate behavior. The neurons responsible for MI are ...
... accurately (Stein, Meredith, Huneycutt, & McDade, 1989), simultaneous presentation of light and sound from different spatial locations can depress activity in neurons responsive to multiple sensory inputs (Binns, Turner, & Salt, 1999), which may attenuate behavior. The neurons responsible for MI are ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... was 81% (before lesion) and 80% (after the lesion), and for set B stimuli, 72% after the lesion. In spite of the lesion of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, the sampled neurons responded strongly to both the set A and set B patterns during the cue period of the task. The responses of one cell ar ...
... was 81% (before lesion) and 80% (after the lesion), and for set B stimuli, 72% after the lesion. In spite of the lesion of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, the sampled neurons responded strongly to both the set A and set B patterns during the cue period of the task. The responses of one cell ar ...
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI
... outside of the MRI room. These included the pressure transducer (part of the transducer is made of stainless steel), EMG and force amplifiers, the associated power supply, and the data acquisition unit (laptop computer and its docking station). The electrode wires were formed into a flat cable runni ...
... outside of the MRI room. These included the pressure transducer (part of the transducer is made of stainless steel), EMG and force amplifiers, the associated power supply, and the data acquisition unit (laptop computer and its docking station). The electrode wires were formed into a flat cable runni ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
Binding Mechanisms in Visual Perception
... system is smaller compared with that of more central neurons, this functional difference determines that the early stages of visual perception is primarily focused on local characters of the perceptual objects (Alais et al, 1998). These local features will be processed in the primary visual cortex ( ...
... system is smaller compared with that of more central neurons, this functional difference determines that the early stages of visual perception is primarily focused on local characters of the perceptual objects (Alais et al, 1998). These local features will be processed in the primary visual cortex ( ...