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... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
The Central Nervous System
... The 12 pairs of cranial nerves are responsible for the special senses of smell, sight, and hearing/balance, and control movement of the eye, jaw, face, tongue, and muscles of the neck, back, and shoulders. They also provide sensation from the face, neck, and upper chest and autonomic innervation to ...
... The 12 pairs of cranial nerves are responsible for the special senses of smell, sight, and hearing/balance, and control movement of the eye, jaw, face, tongue, and muscles of the neck, back, and shoulders. They also provide sensation from the face, neck, and upper chest and autonomic innervation to ...
Medical Terminology
... ____________________– work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) ______________– study of structure or form __________________– an agent for producing insensibility to pain ______________– chronic inflammation of the joints ...
... ____________________– work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) ______________– study of structure or form __________________– an agent for producing insensibility to pain ______________– chronic inflammation of the joints ...
Reduced BOLD response to periodic visual stimulation
... units of screen refresh time. At 15 Hz, the periodic condition has a constant gap, of 50 ms (3 screen refresh times). The conditions ‘jitter narrow’ and ‘jitter wide’ have a non-standard (i.e. not 50 ms) gap, every alternate gap. ‘Jitter narrow’ allows every other gap to be either 2 or 4 screen refr ...
... units of screen refresh time. At 15 Hz, the periodic condition has a constant gap, of 50 ms (3 screen refresh times). The conditions ‘jitter narrow’ and ‘jitter wide’ have a non-standard (i.e. not 50 ms) gap, every alternate gap. ‘Jitter narrow’ allows every other gap to be either 2 or 4 screen refr ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulses, single or repetitive action potentials were generated either from passive depolarization (Fi ...
... neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulses, single or repetitive action potentials were generated either from passive depolarization (Fi ...
PRESYNAPTIC IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS AND CONTROL OF
... Evoked neurotransmitter release requires the invasion of presynaptic terminals by an action potential. The associated membrane depolarization activates voltage-gated Ca2+-channels (VGCCs) within the terminal, including channels that are strategically placed near vesicle docking sites. Ca2+ entry sti ...
... Evoked neurotransmitter release requires the invasion of presynaptic terminals by an action potential. The associated membrane depolarization activates voltage-gated Ca2+-channels (VGCCs) within the terminal, including channels that are strategically placed near vesicle docking sites. Ca2+ entry sti ...
mental illness - CLOCKWISE HEALTHCARE
... about enigmatic Sigma receptors; possible ligands include DHEA (sigma 1), and endogenous N, N-DMT with slight affinity for both sigma receptors. ...
... about enigmatic Sigma receptors; possible ligands include DHEA (sigma 1), and endogenous N, N-DMT with slight affinity for both sigma receptors. ...
mspn4a
... (dorsal column-medial lemniscus, anterolateral pathways) ascending in the internal capsule to appropriate cortical areas may also have been affected. All of the pathways are related to the opposite side of the body due to crossing of the pathways during their ascent or descent to their specific dest ...
... (dorsal column-medial lemniscus, anterolateral pathways) ascending in the internal capsule to appropriate cortical areas may also have been affected. All of the pathways are related to the opposite side of the body due to crossing of the pathways during their ascent or descent to their specific dest ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
... constraining the number of word possibilities. However, envelope shape by itself does not provide enough information to understand speech. To identify specific words, frequencies in the 300–5,000 hertz range must be extracted from the signal. ...
... constraining the number of word possibilities. However, envelope shape by itself does not provide enough information to understand speech. To identify specific words, frequencies in the 300–5,000 hertz range must be extracted from the signal. ...
Exam II Questions / Answers
... Most neuron cell bodies are located in the CNS where they are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column ...
... Most neuron cell bodies are located in the CNS where they are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column ...
The Neurons that Control Axial Movements in a Frog Embryo1
... of some cells also stray across to the other innervate the skin with branching, unmyside of the head. Touch sensitive cells show elinated, free nerve-endings (Vp in Fig. IB; no spontaneous impulse activity and are Roberts, 1980; Hayes and Roberts, 1983). not excited by the skin impulse (see below). ...
... of some cells also stray across to the other innervate the skin with branching, unmyside of the head. Touch sensitive cells show elinated, free nerve-endings (Vp in Fig. IB; no spontaneous impulse activity and are Roberts, 1980; Hayes and Roberts, 1983). not excited by the skin impulse (see below). ...
Airgas template
... All levels of spinal cord injury will require assistance to maintain breathing. Autonomic dysreflexia represents an acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic reflex responses that occur in persons with some types of spinal cord injuries. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis involves the demyelin ...
... All levels of spinal cord injury will require assistance to maintain breathing. Autonomic dysreflexia represents an acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic reflex responses that occur in persons with some types of spinal cord injuries. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis involves the demyelin ...
the resting membrane potential
... then opposes the further efflux of K+ ions. • An equilibrium is reached when the diffusional and electrical forces are balanced and there is no net movement of K+ ions. • At equilibrium, the potential across the membrane is termed the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) (Fig. 8.1). Equilibrium pote ...
... then opposes the further efflux of K+ ions. • An equilibrium is reached when the diffusional and electrical forces are balanced and there is no net movement of K+ ions. • At equilibrium, the potential across the membrane is termed the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) (Fig. 8.1). Equilibrium pote ...
Secretion
... secrete the enzyme renin. • Specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that are in contact with distal tubule. • Have mechano-receptors for blood pressure • The macula densa is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the distal convoluted tubule where it lies ne ...
... secrete the enzyme renin. • Specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that are in contact with distal tubule. • Have mechano-receptors for blood pressure • The macula densa is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the distal convoluted tubule where it lies ne ...
Brain and Nervous System— Your Information Superhighway
... ● The skin receptors are referred to as the cutaneous sense organs, which sense pressure, temperature, touch, pain, and even vibration. ● There are more than 10,000 taste buds on the human tongue. They are divided into different regions which are more sensitive to different tastes. The regions are s ...
... ● The skin receptors are referred to as the cutaneous sense organs, which sense pressure, temperature, touch, pain, and even vibration. ● There are more than 10,000 taste buds on the human tongue. They are divided into different regions which are more sensitive to different tastes. The regions are s ...
Nervous
... 1. initiation and continuation of voluntary movements 2. maintenance of appropriate muscle tone against gravity (maintenace of tone in extensor muscles), coordination 3. regulation of posture (UMN modulates muscle tone activity by its control over the myotactic reflex arc /stretch receptor, muscle s ...
... 1. initiation and continuation of voluntary movements 2. maintenance of appropriate muscle tone against gravity (maintenace of tone in extensor muscles), coordination 3. regulation of posture (UMN modulates muscle tone activity by its control over the myotactic reflex arc /stretch receptor, muscle s ...
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
Internal structure of spinal cord
... Internal structure of spinal cord • A. White matter - stains black or dark blue with Weigert's stain – is composed of axons that form tracts or funiculi – ascending or descending - travel rostrally or caudally – divided into 3 areas: dorsal, ventral & lateral funiculi ...
... Internal structure of spinal cord • A. White matter - stains black or dark blue with Weigert's stain – is composed of axons that form tracts or funiculi – ascending or descending - travel rostrally or caudally – divided into 3 areas: dorsal, ventral & lateral funiculi ...
Nervous_system_Tissue_Overview
... Sensory Receptors Ends of dendrites are associated with specialized receptors Cutaneous receptors: pressure, pain, heat, cold Proprioceptors: muscles & tendons: amount of stretch or tension Specialized receptors in sense organs: sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium ...
... Sensory Receptors Ends of dendrites are associated with specialized receptors Cutaneous receptors: pressure, pain, heat, cold Proprioceptors: muscles & tendons: amount of stretch or tension Specialized receptors in sense organs: sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... motion 4. Furthermore, ablation of V5 impairs task performance5, electrical microstimulation of V5 influences choices in direction discrimination tasks6, and individual V5 neurons show monotonically increasing responses to stimulus coherence7. Taken together, these findings suggest that directional ...
... motion 4. Furthermore, ablation of V5 impairs task performance5, electrical microstimulation of V5 influences choices in direction discrimination tasks6, and individual V5 neurons show monotonically increasing responses to stimulus coherence7. Taken together, these findings suggest that directional ...
A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in
... m a y be of such a kind as to produce a substance which raSses t h e threshold of the neuron, or it m a y be so placed t h a t the local disturbance produced by its excitation opposes the alteration induced by t h e otherwise excitatory synapses. Inasmuch as position is already known to have such ef ...
... m a y be of such a kind as to produce a substance which raSses t h e threshold of the neuron, or it m a y be so placed t h a t the local disturbance produced by its excitation opposes the alteration induced by t h e otherwise excitatory synapses. Inasmuch as position is already known to have such ef ...
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral
... descriptions in tandem with an understanding of cellular physiology. More recent technological advances have culminated in the identification of peripheral and central factors that influence neural circuits regulating metabolism. This Review highlights contributions to our understanding of periphera ...
... descriptions in tandem with an understanding of cellular physiology. More recent technological advances have culminated in the identification of peripheral and central factors that influence neural circuits regulating metabolism. This Review highlights contributions to our understanding of periphera ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.