Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... frequency coincidence detection (XFCD), where a central neuron would fire more when its AN inputs with different CF discharge in synchrony [4]. To evaluate whether such coincidence detection occurs in the cochlear nucleus (CN), we recorded from AN fibers and CN neurons in anesthetized cat using stim ...
... frequency coincidence detection (XFCD), where a central neuron would fire more when its AN inputs with different CF discharge in synchrony [4]. To evaluate whether such coincidence detection occurs in the cochlear nucleus (CN), we recorded from AN fibers and CN neurons in anesthetized cat using stim ...
Mechanisms of Contour Perception in Monkey Visual Cortex. I. Lines
... Basically, 2 linear ramp signals generated a raster of 240 lines that could be electronically rotated and positioned on the screen. The various shapes of stimuli such as light and dark bars, gratings, or the anomalouscontour figure of Figure 1C were formed by modulating the intensity. The raster was ...
... Basically, 2 linear ramp signals generated a raster of 240 lines that could be electronically rotated and positioned on the screen. The various shapes of stimuli such as light and dark bars, gratings, or the anomalouscontour figure of Figure 1C were formed by modulating the intensity. The raster was ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... a erent synapses. Lateral interactions between neurons are approximated by simple mathematical functions (e.g. Gaussians) and assumed to be uniform throughout the network; the structured lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate ...
... a erent synapses. Lateral interactions between neurons are approximated by simple mathematical functions (e.g. Gaussians) and assumed to be uniform throughout the network; the structured lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... neurons labeled by the VN12-IRES-lacZ transgene originate in the VNO and soon after leaving the VNO form bundles of axons. Initially there are between 16 and 25 bundles that converge and form between three and five bundles as the neurons project across the nasal septum towards the olfactory bulb. Wh ...
... neurons labeled by the VN12-IRES-lacZ transgene originate in the VNO and soon after leaving the VNO form bundles of axons. Initially there are between 16 and 25 bundles that converge and form between three and five bundles as the neurons project across the nasal septum towards the olfactory bulb. Wh ...
SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
... bodily sensations of touch, pain, temperature, vibration, and proprioception (limb or joint position sense). The posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway conveys proprioception, vibration sense, and fine, discriminative touch. The anterolateral (or ventrolateral) pathways, include the spinothalamic ...
... bodily sensations of touch, pain, temperature, vibration, and proprioception (limb or joint position sense). The posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway conveys proprioception, vibration sense, and fine, discriminative touch. The anterolateral (or ventrolateral) pathways, include the spinothalamic ...
Copyrighted Material
... duced to several generalities that allow a basic understanding of the actions of neurotoxicants. These general principles include (1) the privileged status of the NS with the maintenance of a biochemical barrier between the brain and the blood, (2) the importance of the high energy requirements of t ...
... duced to several generalities that allow a basic understanding of the actions of neurotoxicants. These general principles include (1) the privileged status of the NS with the maintenance of a biochemical barrier between the brain and the blood, (2) the importance of the high energy requirements of t ...
Laboratory 7: Medulla
... 12. Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus: A tumor near this nucleus would result in auditory innervation in the form of tinnitus. The small cells in this nucleus resemble the stellate and granule cells of the cerebellum. There are no intrinsic inhibitory cells; instead cells from neighboring receptive fields (au ...
... 12. Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus: A tumor near this nucleus would result in auditory innervation in the form of tinnitus. The small cells in this nucleus resemble the stellate and granule cells of the cerebellum. There are no intrinsic inhibitory cells; instead cells from neighboring receptive fields (au ...
nervous system physiology 4
... interaction of the cross-bridges from the myosin filaments with the actin filaments), causing them to slide alongside each other, which is the contractile process. Energy (ATP) is needed for the contractile process to proceed. After a fraction of a second, Ca2+ are pumped back into SR by a Ca2+-memb ...
... interaction of the cross-bridges from the myosin filaments with the actin filaments), causing them to slide alongside each other, which is the contractile process. Energy (ATP) is needed for the contractile process to proceed. After a fraction of a second, Ca2+ are pumped back into SR by a Ca2+-memb ...
How to recognise collateral damage in partial nerve injury models... pain Commentary
... in situ hybridisation histochemistry) can be applied to many other proteins or peptides whose expression changes after nerve injury. However, it is important to remember that changes in mRNA levels may not correlate directly with changes in the level of functional protein/peptide. For example, altho ...
... in situ hybridisation histochemistry) can be applied to many other proteins or peptides whose expression changes after nerve injury. However, it is important to remember that changes in mRNA levels may not correlate directly with changes in the level of functional protein/peptide. For example, altho ...
Brain Uncoupling Protein 2: Uncoupled Neuronal Mitochondria
... between distinct neuronal populations in hypothalamic areas, which are sensitive to peripheral signals, are thought to determine behavioral and humoral responses to changing metabolic states (Kalra and Horvath, 1998; Kalra et al., 1999). In the attempt to elucidate ways to enhance energy expenditure ...
... between distinct neuronal populations in hypothalamic areas, which are sensitive to peripheral signals, are thought to determine behavioral and humoral responses to changing metabolic states (Kalra and Horvath, 1998; Kalra et al., 1999). In the attempt to elucidate ways to enhance energy expenditure ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
2320Lecture20
... • Question: does attention modulate spike rate of neurons that respond to visual stimuli? ...
... • Question: does attention modulate spike rate of neurons that respond to visual stimuli? ...
Can we conquer pain?
... There is an extraordinary dichotomy in the pain field. Exciting progress is being made in dissecting out the molecular and cellular mechanisms that operate in sensory pathways to generate those neural signals that we ultimately interpret as pain1,2. However, for many patients, pain continues to prod ...
... There is an extraordinary dichotomy in the pain field. Exciting progress is being made in dissecting out the molecular and cellular mechanisms that operate in sensory pathways to generate those neural signals that we ultimately interpret as pain1,2. However, for many patients, pain continues to prod ...
Sensory uncertainty decoded from visual cortex
... session. Functional imaging data were acquired using T2*-weighted gradientecho echoplanar imaging, in 30 slices oriented perpendicular to the calcarine sulcus, covering all of the occipital and part of posterior parietal and temporal cortex (TR 2,000 ms, TE 30 ms, flip angle 90°, FOV 64 × 64, slice ...
... session. Functional imaging data were acquired using T2*-weighted gradientecho echoplanar imaging, in 30 slices oriented perpendicular to the calcarine sulcus, covering all of the occipital and part of posterior parietal and temporal cortex (TR 2,000 ms, TE 30 ms, flip angle 90°, FOV 64 × 64, slice ...
The Optokinetic Uncover TestA New Insight Into Infantile Esotropia
... Figure 4. Optokinetic uncover test in infantile esotropia. A, When the right eye is covered and the left eye receives a leftward (temporal) optokinetic stimulus, the temporal retina is ineffective in generating a response. The absence of binocular cells within the visual cortex means that temporally ...
... Figure 4. Optokinetic uncover test in infantile esotropia. A, When the right eye is covered and the left eye receives a leftward (temporal) optokinetic stimulus, the temporal retina is ineffective in generating a response. The absence of binocular cells within the visual cortex means that temporally ...
Chapter 3 - Martinos Center
... vessel segment can be modeled reasonably well by Poisseuile’s Law (eq. 3.1, p.4), however the nonNewtonian rheology of blood becomes more important as the vessel size drops and the shear rate increases. According to Poisseuile’s Law, vessel diameter exerts a fourth-order influence on vascular resist ...
... vessel segment can be modeled reasonably well by Poisseuile’s Law (eq. 3.1, p.4), however the nonNewtonian rheology of blood becomes more important as the vessel size drops and the shear rate increases. According to Poisseuile’s Law, vessel diameter exerts a fourth-order influence on vascular resist ...
PDF
... of neuronal systems. For example, the inferior temporal cortex processes sensory information about shape and color, but is equally involved in storage of the same types of stimulus features [64]. Although psychology has traditionally divided the mind into separate functions, such as perception, memo ...
... of neuronal systems. For example, the inferior temporal cortex processes sensory information about shape and color, but is equally involved in storage of the same types of stimulus features [64]. Although psychology has traditionally divided the mind into separate functions, such as perception, memo ...
RESEARCH LETTERS 3 Marwood RP. Disappearance of
... globus pallidus providing a dense innervation of the caudate nucleus and putamen, where dopaminergic terminals were clearly visible. In addition, small numbers of DAT* neurons (up to three per section) were found scattered through the putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and internal capsule ( ...
... globus pallidus providing a dense innervation of the caudate nucleus and putamen, where dopaminergic terminals were clearly visible. In addition, small numbers of DAT* neurons (up to three per section) were found scattered through the putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and internal capsule ( ...
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
... Primary motor: voluntary movement Primary somatosensory: tactile, pain, pressure, position, temp., mvt. Motor association: coordination of complex movements Sensory association: processing of multisensorial information Prefrontal: planning, emotion, judgement Speech center (Broca’s area): speech pro ...
... Primary motor: voluntary movement Primary somatosensory: tactile, pain, pressure, position, temp., mvt. Motor association: coordination of complex movements Sensory association: processing of multisensorial information Prefrontal: planning, emotion, judgement Speech center (Broca’s area): speech pro ...
Neurophysiology: Serotonin`s many meanings elude simple theories
... neurons—the brief spikes in electrical activity seen after a stimulus is applied—closely resembles a sophisticated form of ‘prediction error’ that can be used to learn how much reward to expect and then influence the choice of appropriate actions. Interpreting electrophysiological recordings, howeve ...
... neurons—the brief spikes in electrical activity seen after a stimulus is applied—closely resembles a sophisticated form of ‘prediction error’ that can be used to learn how much reward to expect and then influence the choice of appropriate actions. Interpreting electrophysiological recordings, howeve ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... electrophysiological and/or optical imaging techniques has been crucial as they provide information, albeit sparsely, on distributed neural activity during various cognitive tasks. Thus, the research task has been partially redefined, first to understand the functional (dynamical) network correlates t ...
... electrophysiological and/or optical imaging techniques has been crucial as they provide information, albeit sparsely, on distributed neural activity during various cognitive tasks. Thus, the research task has been partially redefined, first to understand the functional (dynamical) network correlates t ...
Nervous System Part 6
... Consists of only motor nerves Divided into two divisions: 1. Sympathetic division 2. Parasympathetic division ...
... Consists of only motor nerves Divided into two divisions: 1. Sympathetic division 2. Parasympathetic division ...
Nervous System Exams and Answers
... It contains cones and rods to help create pictures of what we see. ...
... It contains cones and rods to help create pictures of what we see. ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.