Plant-mediated interactions between below- and
... aphids and fungi on them. Two main questions were addressed: (1) How important are soil organisms for plant growth and the development of herbivores and fungi on these plants? and (2) How does agricultural management affect interactions between soil organisms, plants and their herbivores and pathoge ...
... aphids and fungi on them. Two main questions were addressed: (1) How important are soil organisms for plant growth and the development of herbivores and fungi on these plants? and (2) How does agricultural management affect interactions between soil organisms, plants and their herbivores and pathoge ...
TRY – a global database of plant traits
... wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world’s 300 000 plant species, with a focus on ...
... wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world’s 300 000 plant species, with a focus on ...
The ecological, economic and public health impacts of nuisance
... particularly resilient in their ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions, for example, in flooded soils that eventually dry out, rain pools, and moss patches that are only temporarily aquatic (Frouz et al. 2003). Chironomids are capable of having significant effects on other forms of life ...
... particularly resilient in their ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions, for example, in flooded soils that eventually dry out, rain pools, and moss patches that are only temporarily aquatic (Frouz et al. 2003). Chironomids are capable of having significant effects on other forms of life ...
Balancing multiple mutualists: asymmetric interactions among plants
... interaction between the symbionts. Endophyte presence increased plant biomass, and there was a positive correlation between endophyte hyphal density and plant biomass. The effects of mutualists were asymmetric: mycorrhizal fungi treatments had no significant impact on the endophyte and negligible ef ...
... interaction between the symbionts. Endophyte presence increased plant biomass, and there was a positive correlation between endophyte hyphal density and plant biomass. The effects of mutualists were asymmetric: mycorrhizal fungi treatments had no significant impact on the endophyte and negligible ef ...
Pesticide effects on freshwater zooplankton: an ecological perspective
... toxicity. Folt et al. (1999) tested the eects of sodium dodecyl sulfate, low food availability and high temperature on Daphnia and found that a combination of these stressors was more harmful than either one alone. Hanazato and Dodson (1995) demonstrated that predator odor, low oxygen concentration ...
... toxicity. Folt et al. (1999) tested the eects of sodium dodecyl sulfate, low food availability and high temperature on Daphnia and found that a combination of these stressors was more harmful than either one alone. Hanazato and Dodson (1995) demonstrated that predator odor, low oxygen concentration ...
2009. Phytotechnology Technical and Regulatory Guidance and
... It depends; however, decision tees have been developed which will help to determine whether a phytotechnology would be applicable at a site (Section 2.3.2) Q: How deep do plant roots grow? Typical rooting depths for herbaceous, upland species such as grasses and forbs are 1–2 feet; however, depths d ...
... It depends; however, decision tees have been developed which will help to determine whether a phytotechnology would be applicable at a site (Section 2.3.2) Q: How deep do plant roots grow? Typical rooting depths for herbaceous, upland species such as grasses and forbs are 1–2 feet; however, depths d ...
Annemarie Nagle
... particular community, these simplistic theories were doomed to contradiction. The emergence of anomalous observations in particular communities led ecologists preceding Whittaker to attempt to expand and adapt these simplistic models to parameters which clearly deviated from their explicit or impli ...
... particular community, these simplistic theories were doomed to contradiction. The emergence of anomalous observations in particular communities led ecologists preceding Whittaker to attempt to expand and adapt these simplistic models to parameters which clearly deviated from their explicit or impli ...
How top consumers structure food webs with multiple pathways of
... Another important and ubiquitous trophic interaction is omnivory, i.e. the feeding on resources/prey from more than one trophic level (Polis & Strong 1996, McCann & Hastings 1997). Omnivory introduces links between non-adjacent trophic levels, resulting in a reticulate food web structure (Polis & St ...
... Another important and ubiquitous trophic interaction is omnivory, i.e. the feeding on resources/prey from more than one trophic level (Polis & Strong 1996, McCann & Hastings 1997). Omnivory introduces links between non-adjacent trophic levels, resulting in a reticulate food web structure (Polis & St ...
Introduction. - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... 2006). These effects are due to the extended phenotypes of genes; that is, phenotypes which are expressed levels above the population (i.e., pollinator community composition, rates of nutrient cycling) (Dawkins 1982; Whitham et al. 2003, 2006). However, the effects of genes need not be direct, or li ...
... 2006). These effects are due to the extended phenotypes of genes; that is, phenotypes which are expressed levels above the population (i.e., pollinator community composition, rates of nutrient cycling) (Dawkins 1982; Whitham et al. 2003, 2006). However, the effects of genes need not be direct, or li ...
A synthesis of the outcomes from the Strait of Georgia Ecosystem
... Among the anthropogenic stressors that were examined, two were investigated in greater detail: fishing is an important pressure throughout the Strait, and coastal habitat modifications have altered nearshore biological communities. In addition, contaminants, particularly the concentrations of polych ...
... Among the anthropogenic stressors that were examined, two were investigated in greater detail: fishing is an important pressure throughout the Strait, and coastal habitat modifications have altered nearshore biological communities. In addition, contaminants, particularly the concentrations of polych ...
Opens external link in new window
... International Feed Industry Federation), Ian McConnel (World Wide Fund for Nature, in LEAP since Jan 2015), Paul Melville (Government of New Zealand), Paul McKiernan (Government of Ireland), Frank Mitloehner (University of California, Davis, The International Feed Industry Federation, 2013 LEAP Chai ...
... International Feed Industry Federation), Ian McConnel (World Wide Fund for Nature, in LEAP since Jan 2015), Paul Melville (Government of New Zealand), Paul McKiernan (Government of Ireland), Frank Mitloehner (University of California, Davis, The International Feed Industry Federation, 2013 LEAP Chai ...
Environmental bacteriophages: viruses of microbes in aquatic
... absence of universal evolution markers for the entire viral world, viruses have been grouped by many different methods, according to various criteria: the nature of the host, the characteristics of the free virions (phenotype, genotype, resistance to organic solvents for viruses with lipid coat, etc ...
... absence of universal evolution markers for the entire viral world, viruses have been grouped by many different methods, according to various criteria: the nature of the host, the characteristics of the free virions (phenotype, genotype, resistance to organic solvents for viruses with lipid coat, etc ...
The Keystone Role of Bison in North American Tallgrass Prairie
... and (b) indicate significantly different values (P < 0.05) for comparisons at specific dates; in panel (c) they indicate comparisons within growth forms. ...
... and (b) indicate significantly different values (P < 0.05) for comparisons at specific dates; in panel (c) they indicate comparisons within growth forms. ...
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and Costs
... example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without which productivity losses would be far greater. Each of these services is threatened to one extent ...
... example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without which productivity losses would be far greater. Each of these services is threatened to one extent ...
- About Regular Process
... • the impact of humans over space and time against this background of natural variability • the cumulative and relative impact of all the human pressures on the marine environment. • evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken • identification of priorities for action • basis for further i ...
... • the impact of humans over space and time against this background of natural variability • the cumulative and relative impact of all the human pressures on the marine environment. • evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken • identification of priorities for action • basis for further i ...
Document
... success of ground nesting birds. Multi-annual, cascading bottom-up and top-down interaction cycles mediated by lemming populations are crucial for the maintenance of terrestrial Arctic biodiversity in many tundra ecosystems. Functional traits of plants in interactions with below-ground microbial com ...
... success of ground nesting birds. Multi-annual, cascading bottom-up and top-down interaction cycles mediated by lemming populations are crucial for the maintenance of terrestrial Arctic biodiversity in many tundra ecosystems. Functional traits of plants in interactions with below-ground microbial com ...
Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession (Springer
... 2. During succession both orderly and unpredictable patterns emerge but some general rules offer theoretical and practical insights for restoration activities. These insights are not often utilized due to inadequate communication and a misconception that because restoration is focused on shorter tem ...
... 2. During succession both orderly and unpredictable patterns emerge but some general rules offer theoretical and practical insights for restoration activities. These insights are not often utilized due to inadequate communication and a misconception that because restoration is focused on shorter tem ...
Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15years after wolf
... species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.). To investigate the status of this cascade, in September of 2010 we repeated an earlier survey of aspen and measured browsing and heights of young aspen in 97 stands along four streams in the Lamar Rive ...
... species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.). To investigate the status of this cascade, in September of 2010 we repeated an earlier survey of aspen and measured browsing and heights of young aspen in 97 stands along four streams in the Lamar Rive ...
Direct Seeding Mulch-Based Cropping Systems (DMC)
... responses to issues such as food security, combating desertification and environmental conservation, which are part of its action strategies. For further information, see the MAEE website at: www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ ...
... responses to issues such as food security, combating desertification and environmental conservation, which are part of its action strategies. For further information, see the MAEE website at: www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ ...
Human impacts on how savanna plants interact through fire, resources,... A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
... transformation. Moreover, the biodiversity of even intact ecosystems is affected by widespread human impacts on environmental factors – particularly resources, fire, and climate – that underlie interactions among plant species and structure plant communities. This dissertation examines how plants in ...
... transformation. Moreover, the biodiversity of even intact ecosystems is affected by widespread human impacts on environmental factors – particularly resources, fire, and climate – that underlie interactions among plant species and structure plant communities. This dissertation examines how plants in ...
aqueous nitrates and larval competition alter disease risk from two
... 2005b). We also found that the addition of nitrates to the ambient levels in our mesocosms did affect both C. pipiens and A. albopictus in unique ways. C. pipiens emerged faster and in larger numbers when nitrates were added, though the females still emerged at the same size. Conversely, when additi ...
... 2005b). We also found that the addition of nitrates to the ambient levels in our mesocosms did affect both C. pipiens and A. albopictus in unique ways. C. pipiens emerged faster and in larger numbers when nitrates were added, though the females still emerged at the same size. Conversely, when additi ...
Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic
... (Pörtner et al., 1998) or salinity and have addressed the specific responses in organisms from various habitats. For analyses of the complex interactions and effects of various environmental factors at the ecosystem level these traditional concepts need to be integrated in order to achieve more rea ...
... (Pörtner et al., 1998) or salinity and have addressed the specific responses in organisms from various habitats. For analyses of the complex interactions and effects of various environmental factors at the ecosystem level these traditional concepts need to be integrated in order to achieve more rea ...
CORAL REEF AND SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION
... support corals down to 35 m. There are approximately 209 species of corals documented in Kenya. The dominant species being Porites lutea – the massive reef – building coral (Obura, 2012). Seagrasses are submerged flowering plants found in shallow marine waters, such as bays and lagoons along contine ...
... support corals down to 35 m. There are approximately 209 species of corals documented in Kenya. The dominant species being Porites lutea – the massive reef – building coral (Obura, 2012). Seagrasses are submerged flowering plants found in shallow marine waters, such as bays and lagoons along contine ...
The Physiology of Life History Trade
... quantitative-genetic and optimization models. Most of these models are more complex versions of the standard “Y” model of allocation discussed previously. An important result of these studies is that, for a variety of reasons, a positive correlation can exist between traits that are linked in a func ...
... quantitative-genetic and optimization models. Most of these models are more complex versions of the standard “Y” model of allocation discussed previously. An important result of these studies is that, for a variety of reasons, a positive correlation can exist between traits that are linked in a func ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.