Nervous System
... (b) In an unmyelinated axon, voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels regenerate the action potential at each point along the axon, so voltage does not decay. Conduction is slow because movements of ions and of the gates of channel proteins take time and must occur before voltage regeneration occurs. Copyr ...
... (b) In an unmyelinated axon, voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels regenerate the action potential at each point along the axon, so voltage does not decay. Conduction is slow because movements of ions and of the gates of channel proteins take time and must occur before voltage regeneration occurs. Copyr ...
BOX 28.5 NEURAL CONTROL OF HUMAN WALKING Human
... electromyographic (EMG) activity in the plantarflexor muscles, even when the common peroneal nerve that innervates the ankle dorsiflexor muscles was blocked by local anesthesia (Sinkjaer, Anderson, Ladouceur, Christenson, & Nielson, 2000). These results demonstrated that sensory feedback from planta ...
... electromyographic (EMG) activity in the plantarflexor muscles, even when the common peroneal nerve that innervates the ankle dorsiflexor muscles was blocked by local anesthesia (Sinkjaer, Anderson, Ladouceur, Christenson, & Nielson, 2000). These results demonstrated that sensory feedback from planta ...
K - Cloudfront.net
... – Dissolved minerals found in urine – Sodium and potassium ions used for nerve impulses in the brain – Iron, found in hemoglobin, in the blood cells (this is what makes it red in color) ...
... – Dissolved minerals found in urine – Sodium and potassium ions used for nerve impulses in the brain – Iron, found in hemoglobin, in the blood cells (this is what makes it red in color) ...
The Nervous System (Chapter 7)
... 20. What are the two functional properties of neurons? a. b. 21. When the plasma membrane is resting or inactive, it is said to be __________________________. a. This means what? _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
... 20. What are the two functional properties of neurons? a. b. 21. When the plasma membrane is resting or inactive, it is said to be __________________________. a. This means what? _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
Neuro-CNS/PNS
... able to ‘resist’ more strongly and reliably than producing an active movement. (Though some movements are rather difficult to describe in this way). Try it yourself. In testing sensation, I have been taught (and found) that the most sensitive test of nerve dysfunction is an alteration, rather than a ...
... able to ‘resist’ more strongly and reliably than producing an active movement. (Though some movements are rather difficult to describe in this way). Try it yourself. In testing sensation, I have been taught (and found) that the most sensitive test of nerve dysfunction is an alteration, rather than a ...
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... – If extracellular concentration of K+ increases: less gradient between inside and outside. Depolarization – If extracellular ion concentration decreases: steeper gradient between inside and outside. Hyperpolarization • K+ membrane permeability changes. In resting membrane, K+ in and out is equal th ...
... – If extracellular concentration of K+ increases: less gradient between inside and outside. Depolarization – If extracellular ion concentration decreases: steeper gradient between inside and outside. Hyperpolarization • K+ membrane permeability changes. In resting membrane, K+ in and out is equal th ...
Information Processing SG
... The nervous system is like an information highway. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating all the functions and movements in the body and allows you to respond to changes in your environment The nervous system is made up of _____________ that are strings of long thin cells called _______ ...
... The nervous system is like an information highway. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating all the functions and movements in the body and allows you to respond to changes in your environment The nervous system is made up of _____________ that are strings of long thin cells called _______ ...
Chapter 04: The Action Potential
... plasma membrane) at which the net flow of an ion type = zero The number of ions moving into the cell = the number of ions moving out of the cell for a particular species of ion ...
... plasma membrane) at which the net flow of an ion type = zero The number of ions moving into the cell = the number of ions moving out of the cell for a particular species of ion ...
nervous system power point
... When charges are separated there is a potential for work. (resting potential) • When a neuron receives a stimulus Na + ions are pumped into the cell, making that point more positive on inside this is called depolarization ...
... When charges are separated there is a potential for work. (resting potential) • When a neuron receives a stimulus Na + ions are pumped into the cell, making that point more positive on inside this is called depolarization ...
Guided Notes
... regeneration 1. axon regeneration = ______________________ 2. greater distance = less recovery chance = possible ______________ formation 3. Retraining of nerve necessary B. PNS axons - in certain cases i. debris cleaned out by macrophages 1. Schwann cells form tunnel of __________________________ t ...
... regeneration 1. axon regeneration = ______________________ 2. greater distance = less recovery chance = possible ______________ formation 3. Retraining of nerve necessary B. PNS axons - in certain cases i. debris cleaned out by macrophages 1. Schwann cells form tunnel of __________________________ t ...
Afferent (Sensory) Division Part 1
... into information processed by CNS • Sensory receptors are structures specialized to respond to stimuli, activation results in – Ion channels or second messengers that initiate membrane potential change is sensory receptors – Depolarizations trigger impulses to the CNS ...
... into information processed by CNS • Sensory receptors are structures specialized to respond to stimuli, activation results in – Ion channels or second messengers that initiate membrane potential change is sensory receptors – Depolarizations trigger impulses to the CNS ...
Nerve Cells
... Sodium + potassium exchange: in Æ out Negative chloride Depolarization or hyperpolarization EPSP vs. IPSP results ...
... Sodium + potassium exchange: in Æ out Negative chloride Depolarization or hyperpolarization EPSP vs. IPSP results ...
Sxn 2 Objectives
... State the normal ICF and ECF concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl-. Determine the equilibrium potential for each ion using the Nernst equation. Describe how a change in Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- concentrations across the cell membrane will affect membrane potential (hyper- /hypokalemia) and ion ...
... State the normal ICF and ECF concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl-. Determine the equilibrium potential for each ion using the Nernst equation. Describe how a change in Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- concentrations across the cell membrane will affect membrane potential (hyper- /hypokalemia) and ion ...
General principle of nervous system
... – Not enough for threshold – Neurons become facilitated • Membrane potential reaches near the threshold but not enough for firing • Quicker response to the stimuli ...
... – Not enough for threshold – Neurons become facilitated • Membrane potential reaches near the threshold but not enough for firing • Quicker response to the stimuli ...
The Neurological Examination
... Primary Sensory Modalities Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
... Primary Sensory Modalities Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
The Neurological Examination
... Primary Sensory Modalities Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
... Primary Sensory Modalities Reflect Input from sensory receptors, sensory nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, through to the level of the Thalamus. Cortical Sensory Modalities Reflect Processing by the Somatosensory Cortex (post-central gyrus) ...
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue
... – glutamate released by nearly all excitatory neurons in the brain – GABA is inhibitory neurotransmitter for 1/3 of all brain synapses (Valium is a GABA agonist -- enhancing its ...
... – glutamate released by nearly all excitatory neurons in the brain – GABA is inhibitory neurotransmitter for 1/3 of all brain synapses (Valium is a GABA agonist -- enhancing its ...
ANHB1102 Basic Principles of the Nervous System • The nervous
... 1. Simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neurons 2. EPSPs spread from several synapses to trigger zone 3. Postsynaptic neuron fires Postsynaptic changes can be ‘summated’ - e.g. +15 (-55), +15 (-55), -5 (-75), -5 (-75) - Net change is +20 and resting membrane potential at -50 - If threshol ...
... 1. Simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neurons 2. EPSPs spread from several synapses to trigger zone 3. Postsynaptic neuron fires Postsynaptic changes can be ‘summated’ - e.g. +15 (-55), +15 (-55), -5 (-75), -5 (-75) - Net change is +20 and resting membrane potential at -50 - If threshol ...
File
... System • STRUCTURES: brain, spinal cord, & peripheral nerves • FUNCTION: Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments ...
... System • STRUCTURES: brain, spinal cord, & peripheral nerves • FUNCTION: Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments ...
Nerve tissue for stu..
... Nissl substance – basophilic (rER); protein-producing cell (membrane, neurotransmitters, enzymes) ...
... Nissl substance – basophilic (rER); protein-producing cell (membrane, neurotransmitters, enzymes) ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... • absolute - time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential (Na+ channels inactivated) • relative – time when stronger threshold stimulus can start another action potential (Na+ channels restored, K+ channels begin ...
... • absolute - time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential (Na+ channels inactivated) • relative – time when stronger threshold stimulus can start another action potential (Na+ channels restored, K+ channels begin ...
E1 – Stimulus and response - IBDPBiology-Dnl
... transmit nerve impulse within the CNS from sensory to motor neuron ...
... transmit nerve impulse within the CNS from sensory to motor neuron ...
PNS/Reflexes
... perception of that stimulus can sometimes diminish over time. One of two things can happen to produce this effect A. Peripheral adaptation- some sensory neurons can adapt to constant stimuli; that is, they begin to require stronger stimulus input to depolarize Phasic receptors are usually "off," and ...
... perception of that stimulus can sometimes diminish over time. One of two things can happen to produce this effect A. Peripheral adaptation- some sensory neurons can adapt to constant stimuli; that is, they begin to require stronger stimulus input to depolarize Phasic receptors are usually "off," and ...
Nervous Tissue - MrsSconyersAnatomy
... Compare the basic type of ion channels, and explain how they relate to action potentials and graded potentials. Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential. ...
... Compare the basic type of ion channels, and explain how they relate to action potentials and graded potentials. Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential. ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.