Optic Nerves * Jack Baesman
... Olfactory receptor cells carry impulses to neurons in olfactory bulbs Sensory impulses travel from bulbs along olfactory tracts to the cerebral centers where they are interpreted into the sensation of smell. ...
... Olfactory receptor cells carry impulses to neurons in olfactory bulbs Sensory impulses travel from bulbs along olfactory tracts to the cerebral centers where they are interpreted into the sensation of smell. ...
Nervous System Student Notes
... Nerve impulse in a human travels more than ____________ per second Resting nerve cells tend to have lots of ______________ ________________ in them, and therefore have a negative charge to them (-65mv). Resting nerve cells also have lots of ______________ inside the cell. They also have lots of ____ ...
... Nerve impulse in a human travels more than ____________ per second Resting nerve cells tend to have lots of ______________ ________________ in them, and therefore have a negative charge to them (-65mv). Resting nerve cells also have lots of ______________ inside the cell. They also have lots of ____ ...
here - York University
... second action potential occurs before the calcium is able to return to its steady-state, more calcium will enter causing an elevation in concentration greater than the previous action potential. As a result, more neurotransmitter is expected to be released with the second action potential which in t ...
... second action potential occurs before the calcium is able to return to its steady-state, more calcium will enter causing an elevation in concentration greater than the previous action potential. As a result, more neurotransmitter is expected to be released with the second action potential which in t ...
Chapter 10
... • Recall that these ion concentrations are maintained by active transport mechanisms – mainly the Na+/K+ pump ...
... • Recall that these ion concentrations are maintained by active transport mechanisms – mainly the Na+/K+ pump ...
“Electrical Properties of Neuron”
... -ve ions therefore build up on the inside surface of the membrane and an equal amount of +ve ions build up on the outside The difference in concentration generates an electrical potential (membrane potential) which plays an important role in neuronal dynamics. Cell membrane: 2-3 nm thick and i ...
... -ve ions therefore build up on the inside surface of the membrane and an equal amount of +ve ions build up on the outside The difference in concentration generates an electrical potential (membrane potential) which plays an important role in neuronal dynamics. Cell membrane: 2-3 nm thick and i ...
FA15 Lec23 Ion Channel
... 1. Ion Channels are membrane-bound proteins Involved in communication 2. 3 types, voltage, ligand and mechanicallysensitive ...
... 1. Ion Channels are membrane-bound proteins Involved in communication 2. 3 types, voltage, ligand and mechanicallysensitive ...
muscle strength testing gradation chart
... 3. Herniations at lumbar disk levels do not usually affect the nerve exiting directly at that level because of the angle and position of exit of these nerves as they exit directly beneath the pedicle they essentially escape injury by the HNP. The nerve level that is usually affected is one level low ...
... 3. Herniations at lumbar disk levels do not usually affect the nerve exiting directly at that level because of the angle and position of exit of these nerves as they exit directly beneath the pedicle they essentially escape injury by the HNP. The nerve level that is usually affected is one level low ...
Physiologic basis of EMG/NCS or what constitutes a waveform?
... • Resistor = direct path to current flow but with some impedance • Nerve axon has both transmembrane resistance as well as longitudinal resistance ...
... • Resistor = direct path to current flow but with some impedance • Nerve axon has both transmembrane resistance as well as longitudinal resistance ...
Lecture 12 - Taft College
... Nerve Impulse & Action Potential • What happens when membrane is stimulated (say during nerve excitation)? • Step 1: becomes highly permeable to Na+ – Na+ rushes in due to the concentration gradient & membrane is depolarized = action potential ...
... Nerve Impulse & Action Potential • What happens when membrane is stimulated (say during nerve excitation)? • Step 1: becomes highly permeable to Na+ – Na+ rushes in due to the concentration gradient & membrane is depolarized = action potential ...
Slide ()
... Chapter 9. Nerve Tissue & the Nervous System, Junqueira’s Basic Histology, 13e (c) With H&ECitation: stainingMescher the largeAL. motor neurons Basic (N) of Histology, the ventral13e; horns show large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, Accessed: and cytoplasm in Nissl substance, all of Junqueira’s ...
... Chapter 9. Nerve Tissue & the Nervous System, Junqueira’s Basic Histology, 13e (c) With H&ECitation: stainingMescher the largeAL. motor neurons Basic (N) of Histology, the ventral13e; horns show large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, Accessed: and cytoplasm in Nissl substance, all of Junqueira’s ...
note taking guide
... Neurons differ in _____________________, ______________, and ________________ of their cell bodies ...
... Neurons differ in _____________________, ______________, and ________________ of their cell bodies ...
File - Hardman`s AP Biology
... • The inside of a neuron is more negative than the outside -65 mV • Due in part to the action of the sodium-potassium pump ...
... • The inside of a neuron is more negative than the outside -65 mV • Due in part to the action of the sodium-potassium pump ...
6.1 Overview of the Nervous System
... 1. Astrocytes – lie between neurons and capillaries, control the nutrients from blood supply to the nerves and filter harmful substances in the blood. Accounts for about half of all nervous tissue. 2. Microglia – absorb and dispose of dead cells and bacteria 3. Ependymal – form protective covering a ...
... 1. Astrocytes – lie between neurons and capillaries, control the nutrients from blood supply to the nerves and filter harmful substances in the blood. Accounts for about half of all nervous tissue. 2. Microglia – absorb and dispose of dead cells and bacteria 3. Ependymal – form protective covering a ...
The Central Nervous System
... Central Canal: narrow central opening filled w/ CSF Gray Matter: inside; contains neuron cell bodies & neuroglia…forms an H or butterfly shape White Matter: outside; contains axons of neurons Dorsal Roots: carry sensory info to spinal cord Ventral Roots: carry motor info to muscles and glands ...
... Central Canal: narrow central opening filled w/ CSF Gray Matter: inside; contains neuron cell bodies & neuroglia…forms an H or butterfly shape White Matter: outside; contains axons of neurons Dorsal Roots: carry sensory info to spinal cord Ventral Roots: carry motor info to muscles and glands ...
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that
... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
Nervous Tissue (Ch
... - electrically insulates axons - increase speed, decrease energy of conduction A. formed by Schwann cells in PNS - myelin sheath = compacted membranes - neurilemma = outer layer of cytoplasm + nucleus - node of Ranvier = bare axolemma Schwann cell can also protect nerve fibers without forming myel ...
... - electrically insulates axons - increase speed, decrease energy of conduction A. formed by Schwann cells in PNS - myelin sheath = compacted membranes - neurilemma = outer layer of cytoplasm + nucleus - node of Ranvier = bare axolemma Schwann cell can also protect nerve fibers without forming myel ...
Senses ppt
... •While looking at the circle, use 'side' (peripheral) vision to see the cross •Slowly move your head towards the screen •The cross should completely disappear •Move closer, and it will re-appear! ...
... •While looking at the circle, use 'side' (peripheral) vision to see the cross •Slowly move your head towards the screen •The cross should completely disappear •Move closer, and it will re-appear! ...
9.01 Exam #1 September 27, 2004 30 multiple
... 13) Assume that Cl- is more concentrated on the outside of the cell than on the inside of the cell, and that the membrane is selectively permeable to Cl-. Then we know that: a) The inside of the cell will have a positive voltage at equilibrium. b) The inside of the cell will have a negative voltage ...
... 13) Assume that Cl- is more concentrated on the outside of the cell than on the inside of the cell, and that the membrane is selectively permeable to Cl-. Then we know that: a) The inside of the cell will have a positive voltage at equilibrium. b) The inside of the cell will have a negative voltage ...
The Anterolateral System
... • The Anterolateral System is an ascending pathway conveying pain and temperature sensation. • Cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia and the trigeminal complex. • This pathway receives input from thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and mechanoreceptors. ...
... • The Anterolateral System is an ascending pathway conveying pain and temperature sensation. • Cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia and the trigeminal complex. • This pathway receives input from thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and mechanoreceptors. ...
File - Mr. Jacobson`s Site
... by being pumped by membrane proteins or by simple diffusion through ion channels. ...
... by being pumped by membrane proteins or by simple diffusion through ion channels. ...
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE
... Current is quickly dissipated due to the leaky plasma membrane • Can only travel over short distances Action Potentials (APs) ...
... Current is quickly dissipated due to the leaky plasma membrane • Can only travel over short distances Action Potentials (APs) ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.