Motor Unit and All or None principle
... Without the Nervous System – Muscles will not contract. ...
... Without the Nervous System – Muscles will not contract. ...
Effect of Outer Hair Cells on Tuning Curves
... 100-millisecond portion of the waveform for the syllable "sa," including the junction between the "s" and "a." In this example, the input wave is filtered into four frequency bands (the band with the highest center frequency is shown at the top, the lowest is at bottom). Next, the speech envelope is ...
... 100-millisecond portion of the waveform for the syllable "sa," including the junction between the "s" and "a." In this example, the input wave is filtered into four frequency bands (the band with the highest center frequency is shown at the top, the lowest is at bottom). Next, the speech envelope is ...
We are investigating the use of novel stimulus
... determine whether they can provide more precise control over the temporal and spatial pattern of elicited activity as compared to conventional pulsatile stimulation. To study this, we measured the response of retinal ganglion cells to both sinusoidal and white noise waveforms. The use of cell-attach ...
... determine whether they can provide more precise control over the temporal and spatial pattern of elicited activity as compared to conventional pulsatile stimulation. To study this, we measured the response of retinal ganglion cells to both sinusoidal and white noise waveforms. The use of cell-attach ...
Anatomy of the Sensory organs
... – Free nerve endings are the simplest type: they are the dendrites of sensory neurons – Complex receptors (eyes) are housed in organs – Some receptors respond to only one kind of stimulus ...
... – Free nerve endings are the simplest type: they are the dendrites of sensory neurons – Complex receptors (eyes) are housed in organs – Some receptors respond to only one kind of stimulus ...
nervous system - Doctor Jade Main
... any shift of resting potential toward 0 (or becoming more positive) is called depolarization degree of depolarization decreases with distance from opened channel local currents produce changes that cannot spread far from area of stimulation cytosol resists ion movement & some entering Na can move ba ...
... any shift of resting potential toward 0 (or becoming more positive) is called depolarization degree of depolarization decreases with distance from opened channel local currents produce changes that cannot spread far from area of stimulation cytosol resists ion movement & some entering Na can move ba ...
Slide ()
... of neurons. A Science, set of motor Source: nucleus The Vestibular System, Principles of Neural Fifthneurons Editon projects in the abducens nerve and excites the right lateral rectus muscle. The Citation: axons ofKandel a set ofER, interneurons cross the midline and ascend in the left medial longit ...
... of neurons. A Science, set of motor Source: nucleus The Vestibular System, Principles of Neural Fifthneurons Editon projects in the abducens nerve and excites the right lateral rectus muscle. The Citation: axons ofKandel a set ofER, interneurons cross the midline and ascend in the left medial longit ...
Human hearing Physical Characteristics Physical characteristics
... of physical stimuli and sensory perceptions ...
... of physical stimuli and sensory perceptions ...
Nervous System Introduction
... • - one Schwann cell associates with and myelinates a segment of only one axon • - Schwann cell, myelin, axon are all surrounded by a basement membrane (covers whole unit) • - help to buffer excess extracellular K+ (prevent rampant depolarization) • - myelin sheath insulation greatly speeds conducti ...
... • - one Schwann cell associates with and myelinates a segment of only one axon • - Schwann cell, myelin, axon are all surrounded by a basement membrane (covers whole unit) • - help to buffer excess extracellular K+ (prevent rampant depolarization) • - myelin sheath insulation greatly speeds conducti ...
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM (Balance/Equilibrium) The vestibular
... Signaling mechanism for hearing: - sound waves produce movement of basilar membrane; - movement of basilar membrane induce movement of cilia of hair cells; - cilia movement increase or decrease polarization of hair cells, which increase or decrease neurotransmitter release onto axon terminals of bi ...
... Signaling mechanism for hearing: - sound waves produce movement of basilar membrane; - movement of basilar membrane induce movement of cilia of hair cells; - cilia movement increase or decrease polarization of hair cells, which increase or decrease neurotransmitter release onto axon terminals of bi ...
The Nervous System
... membrane potential Excitable cells have the ability to generate large changes in their membrane potentials. Gated ion channels open or close in response to stimuli. The subsequent diffusion of ions leads to a change in the membrane potential. ...
... membrane potential Excitable cells have the ability to generate large changes in their membrane potentials. Gated ion channels open or close in response to stimuli. The subsequent diffusion of ions leads to a change in the membrane potential. ...
Vestibular senses
... - Direction of low frequencies (< 100 Hz) are virtually impossible to detect. - What is the auditory pathway to the brain? - Bipolar sensory neurons receive inputs from auditory hair cells. - Auditory neurons are together in spiral ganglion and give rise to auditory nerve (part of vestibulocochlear ...
... - Direction of low frequencies (< 100 Hz) are virtually impossible to detect. - What is the auditory pathway to the brain? - Bipolar sensory neurons receive inputs from auditory hair cells. - Auditory neurons are together in spiral ganglion and give rise to auditory nerve (part of vestibulocochlear ...
Nervous Sys Learning targets
... 2. draw a concept map to show the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions ...
... 2. draw a concept map to show the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions ...
The Brain
... ANS- includes nerves that originate in the CNS and stop at the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue and glands. Runs on autopilot. SNS- Includes the afferent and efferent nerves that bring sensory info in and motor info out of the CNS ...
... ANS- includes nerves that originate in the CNS and stop at the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue and glands. Runs on autopilot. SNS- Includes the afferent and efferent nerves that bring sensory info in and motor info out of the CNS ...
ch 48 clicker questions
... a) most Cl− channels closed. b) most Na+ channels opened. c) most K+ channels closed. d) most K+ channels opened. e) Na/K pumps were inactivated. ...
... a) most Cl− channels closed. b) most Na+ channels opened. c) most K+ channels closed. d) most K+ channels opened. e) Na/K pumps were inactivated. ...
Syllabus
... An introductory survey of designed to provide a general understanding of the nervous system including how it functions, how it develops, and how it changes with learning and memory. Analysis from the ...
... An introductory survey of designed to provide a general understanding of the nervous system including how it functions, how it develops, and how it changes with learning and memory. Analysis from the ...
Chapter 14 Autonomic nervous system
... somatosensory cortex also contribute fibers to the descending motor pathways. 1. Different muscles are not represented equally in the motor cortex. 2. The degree of representation is proportional to the number of motor units in a particular muscle of the body. B. Voluntary motor impulses are propaga ...
... somatosensory cortex also contribute fibers to the descending motor pathways. 1. Different muscles are not represented equally in the motor cortex. 2. The degree of representation is proportional to the number of motor units in a particular muscle of the body. B. Voluntary motor impulses are propaga ...
semicircular canals
... Iris: dilates and constricts thereby regulating the amount of light that enters to posterior chamber of the eye. Ciliary body: muscular – pulls on suspensory ligaments and causes the lens to bend and change focus. Fovea centralis: area having the densest amount of photoreceptors Optic Disk (blind sp ...
... Iris: dilates and constricts thereby regulating the amount of light that enters to posterior chamber of the eye. Ciliary body: muscular – pulls on suspensory ligaments and causes the lens to bend and change focus. Fovea centralis: area having the densest amount of photoreceptors Optic Disk (blind sp ...
The vertebrate nervous system is regionally specialized
... An increase in the magnitude of the membrane potential is called a hyperpolarization; a decrease in magnitude is called a depolarization. Changes in membrane potential that vary with the strength of a stimulus are known as graded potentials Production of action potentials An action potential is a br ...
... An increase in the magnitude of the membrane potential is called a hyperpolarization; a decrease in magnitude is called a depolarization. Changes in membrane potential that vary with the strength of a stimulus are known as graded potentials Production of action potentials An action potential is a br ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.